Study on Advanced Treatment of Secondary Effluent Using Fixed-Bed Filled with Bone Char

The adsorption of a fixed bed filled with bone char was investigated in terms of its efficiency and capacity by determining operational conditions for the purpose of further reduction of organic matter and removal of phosphorus using a continuous flow of real secondary effluent. Simultaneous removals of phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were sufficiently achieved by this fixed-bed method. Stable performance was maintained even at a linear flow velocity (abbreviated as LV) of 1.5 m h^–1. Appropriate backwashing and regeneration were required to operate the system continuously for a long period of time. During the regeneration, the use of treated water including Ca²⁺ ion was so effective that phosphorus removal efficiency increased from about 50 to 80%, and afterwards maintained over 65%, until inflow water of the volume up to 150 times as large as the volume of bone char had passed through. Even when the inflow water of the volume rose up to 200 times, the phosphorus removal efficiency could be maintained over 50%. During this operation, the adsorptions of phosphorus and COD onto the bone char surface were observed to be over 6.7 and 35 gL^–1, respectively.     

不同直径伐桩对赤桉萌芽更新影响的初步研究

对速生树种赤桉进行了不同直径伐桩（２．１～６ｃｍ）萌芽更新影响的研究，结果表明：伐桩的萌芽率及平均萌条数随伐桩直径的增大而增大，萌条直径、高度随伐桩直径变化不大．     

人为干扰对额济纳胡杨林群落组成及更新的影响

额济纳绿洲是我国西北干旱地区的一道强大的生态防线。但由于水资源匮乏和人为干扰影响,绿洲中胡杨林已严重退化。我们认为人为干扰会对胡杨群落的组成和更新造成影响。应用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和典范对应分析(CCA),从人为干扰角度对额济纳不同地区胡杨群落进行了分类和排序。结果表明:人为干扰会影响群落林下物种多样性和根孽幼苗生长情况;林下物种多样性主要受旅游干扰影响,并与总干扰强度的关系遵循"中度干扰假说";根孽幼苗生长情况与放牧干扰呈负相关,当根孽幼苗数多的时候,一定程度上能够抵御外界干扰对其生长状况的影响;适度的人为干扰可以增加物种多样性,但要保证胡杨林的繁殖更新,需要以消除放牧干扰影响为前提。     

腐霉对姜根茎腐烂的作用

本文描述了姜根茎腐烂的三种症状类型:青枯型、黄腐型及黄枯型;分别由青枯细菌、腐霉菌及青桔细菌和腐霉苗引起,鉴定出4种致病腐霉:P(?)(?)P.(?)P.(?)和P.(?).通过接种试验,证明腐霉对姜有较强的致病力;与青枯细菌共同为害,病将更严重,故姜的根茎腐烂不完全是细菌青枯病。     

秦巴蛹虫草原生质体的制备及再生条件研究

【目的】研究秦巴蛹虫草原生质体制备及再生的最适条件,建立高效制备和再生原生质体的方法。【方法】以秦巴蛹虫草无性型菌株CM-16为材料,研究细胞壁裂解酶种类、酶解时间、酶解温度、菌丝体菌龄及稳渗剂种类对原生质体制备及再生效果的影响,并在单因素试验结果基础上进行正交优化试验。【结果】(1)以0.6mol/L NaCl为稳渗剂,用混合酶(质量分数1%纤维素酶和质量分数0.5%蜗牛酶按1∶1体积比混合)在(26±1)℃对菌龄6d的菌丝酶解3h,原生质体的产量最高。(2)以0.6mol/L甘露醇为稳渗剂,用混合酶(质量分数1%纤维素酶和质量分数0.5%蜗牛酶按1∶1体积比混合)在(26±1)℃对菌龄5d的菌丝酶解2h,原生质体的再生率最高;验证试验结果表明,在此条件下,原生质体再生率平均为25.7%,此时原生质体平均产量为83.42×105 mL-1。【结论】对酶解温度、酶解时间、菌丝体菌龄、稳渗剂及酶系种类等条件的优化,可提高秦巴蛹虫草原生质体的产量及再生率。     

加工番茄离体再生体系的建立

以加工番茄‘亚心98-1’和‘里格尔87-5’2个品种的子叶作为外植体,研究不同激素组合对其出愈和诱芽的影响。结果表明,激素的种类和浓度对加工番茄外植体出愈率的影响没有差异,但是诱导形成的愈伤组织形态和不定芽存在差异,ZT与IAA组合对不定芽的诱导效果高于6-BA与IAA组合,不定芽诱导率最高的培养基为MS+ZT 0.5 mg/L+IAA 0.2 mg/L。品种之间存在差异,‘亚心98-1’比‘里格尔87-5’更易产生较高比率的正常芽。再生芽在1/2MS + 0.1 mg/L IAA生根培养基上能正常生根,并发育成完整的小植株。     

The potential of intercropping as an alternative land use system in temperate North America

The success of many intercropping systems in North America is attributable to the generation of a short term return from an agricultural crop during the early, unprofitable years of a longer term crop that is fruit, nuts or wood. This highly-efficient use of land and related profitability are important not only in the development of intercropping systems per se, but also in other applications which have tremendous potential independent of profitability. For example, intercropping can be effectively used during the establishment phases of hardwood plantations where it is essential to have a high level of weed control, the costs of which are often recovered with the agricultural production. Intercropping can also be used to grow trees rapidly and with a form that can be easily integrated into recreational or park situations, or urban fringe areas. In an urban context, intercropping can be used to grow trees in agricultural areas that are likely to be developed where traditional forestry options are not appropriate and the value of younger, thrifty trees may enhance property values far in excess of the cash value of the wood.     

Study of some factors affecting the growth and development of myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe)

In order to optimise production of the edible flower buds produced by myoga (Zingiber mioga Roscoe) a greater understanding of the growth and development of the plant and factors influencing flower initiation and development are required. The vegetative growth phase in myoga was characterised by a distinct period of pseudostem development from the planted rhizome piece followed by an extended period of rhizome growth from both the base of pseudostems and the planted rhizome piece. The transition from pseudostem formation to the initiation of rhizome growth occurred at the same time as the dry weight of the planted rhizome piece ceased to decline. Flower bud initiation and development occurred over an extended period, beginning soon after the commencement of new rhizome growth and ending prior to foliage senescence. Flower buds were observed at the terminal meristem of first, second, third and fourth order rhizomes. Increasing temperatures stimulated both increased vegetative growth and flower bud initiation and development. Low flower bud yields recorded under conditions of low temperature were the result of reduced rate of floral initiation and not abortion of flower buds. Increased shading of plants grown under glasshouse conditions resulted in reduced flower bud yield and similarly the response resulted from decreased initiation rather than abortion.     

香榧茎段离体培养再生植株的研究

对香榧茎段不定芽诱导研究的结果表明,不定芽诱导的最佳培养条件为:培养基为B5+KT0.1mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L+0.08%活性炭+2%葡萄糖,培养温度为20℃,光强不高于400lx,该条件下的不定芽诱导率可达55%。将不定芽培养在1/2B5+IBA0.1mg/L+0.08%活性炭+2%葡萄糖的生根培养基上,生根率最高达到40%。通过器官发生途径国内外首次建立了香榧离体再生体系和快繁体系,并获得了完整的再生植株,为今后开展香榧的遗传转化和品种改良奠定了基础。     

‘凤丹’牡丹幼胚愈伤组织诱导的优化和再生体系的建立

以‘凤丹’牡丹的幼胚为材料,从取样时期、切割接种方式、基本培养基和植物生长调节剂选择等方面进行再生体系优化。结果表明:授粉后60 d为‘凤丹’牡丹幼胚诱导愈伤的最佳取材时期;完全破碎切割成幼胚薄片比完整胚、1/2胚和1/4胚更容易获得高质量的愈伤组织,且褐化率较低;MS基本培养基添加0.162μmol·L^-1 H₂O₂可提高幼胚愈伤组织诱导率,但会增加褐化率,而在WPM基本培养基中添加不同浓度的H₂O₂,对愈伤诱导率和褐化率的影响不大;WPM基本培养基比MS更适于‘凤丹’牡丹幼胚再生;WPM+2.5 mg·L^-1 2,4-D+0.1 mg·L^-1 6-BA是诱导愈伤的最佳植物生长调节剂组合,诱导率可达93.33%;不定芽和不定根诱导的最佳组合分别为WPM+30 g·L^-1蔗糖+3 g·L^-1植物凝胶+0.5 mg·L^-1 6-BA+0.5 mg·L^-1