紫花苜蓿品种在金沙江干热河谷地区的生产性能

基于灰色系统理论,对金沙江干热河谷地区引种的14个紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa品种的鲜草产量、干草产量、株高、分蘖数、茎叶比、蛋白质含量主要生产性能指标进行灰色关联度分析,根据权重比较得出各项生产性能指标的权重顺序为：蛋白质含量>鲜草产量>茎叶比>株高>干草产量>分蘖数;依据各项指标权重构建了紫花苜蓿综合评价模型,并应用综合评价模型对各品种生产性能进行综合评价,结果表明：猎人河（74-55）在综合评价模型中评价值最高,综合生产性能最好,在金沙江干热河谷地区特殊的生态条件下,是最适宜推广种植的优良品种。     

紫花苜蓿不同品种对拟枝孢镰刀菌的抗性评价

在温室盆栽30个紫花苜蓿品种45 d后,将拟枝孢镰刀菌接种于幼苗根部土壤中,10 d根据根部病情指数评定抗病性,筛选抗性后选择抗病和感病品种再次接种,于4,8和12 h时测定与抗性相关酶的活性。结果表明,不同品种间抗性差异显著,其中耐病品种为晋南苜蓿、驯鹿、PG塞特、苏联二号4 个,占测定品种总数的13.3%;高感品种为新疆大叶、中苜一号、陇中苜蓿、北疆苜蓿、皇冠、甘肃苜蓿和萨兰斯7个,占23.3%;其余的均为感病品种,占63.4%;未发现抗病和免疫品种。酶活性变化测定表明,对于接菌与未接菌的供试耐病和高感苜蓿品种,不同品种间CAT、SOD、PAL的活性存在一定差异;总体接菌植株的酶活性高于对照,且耐病品种的酶活性高于感病品种,酶活性在接菌后4~8 d呈上升趋势,8~12 d呈下降趋势;接菌植株CAT活性较对照增幅明显,SOD、PAL活性较其对照增幅不明显。     

草坪质量的模糊数学综合评价方法

由于国内外对草坪质量评价还没有统一标准,探索建立数量化、多指标的质量评价方法具有重要意义。选择了密度、质地、颜色、盖度、均一性、回弹性作为评价指标进行数量化测定,采用层次分析法(AHP)通过构建权重矩阵,对观赏草坪和运动草坪分别配以指标权重,然后结合模糊数学综合评判方法,给出草坪质量的评价等级。评定结果基本符合实际,表明该方法能为客观评价草坪质量进一步提供理论方法依据,具有一定科学性和实用性。     

苜蓿萌发期耐盐性综合评价与耐盐种质筛选

为探明苜蓿（Medicago L.）萌发期耐盐性评价方法并筛选耐盐种质,采用加权隶属函数法对120个苜蓿种质进行综合评价并划分为不同的耐盐级别。试验以150 mmol·L^-1 NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫,以发芽势等13个性状来鉴定苜蓿对盐胁迫的反应,以耐盐系数为评价依据。结果表明：150 mmol·L^-1的盐溶液对苜蓿种子萌发和幼苗生长均有一定的抑制作用,发芽势、发芽率、萌发指数比幼苗生长受抑制的程度更大;盐胁迫对根的抑制程度大于苗。相关分析表明,加权隶属函数法可以综合评价苜蓿萌发期耐盐性。根据加权隶属函数值和聚类分析,可将120个种质分为耐盐性不同的5个级别：11个种质高耐盐（1级）、24个种质耐盐（2级）、38个种质中等（3级）、36个种质敏盐（4级）、11个种质高敏盐（5级）。     

Effects of different types of dietary non-digestible carbohydrates on the physico-chemical properties and microbiota of proximal colon digesta of growing pigs

The effect of different types of fibre on the intestinal digesta and microbial diversity was evaluated in growing pigs. The animals were fed during forty-two days with one of four experimental diets including a control group, a diet enriched with resistant starch type I, by coarse ground corn, and other two diets containing sugar beet pulp (8%) and wheat bran (10%) (as sources of soluble and insoluble non-starch polysaccharides respectively). Body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were assessed at day 7, 21 and 42. Luminal samples of digesta from proximal colon were collected to analyse water retention capacity (WRC), concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and the microbial diversity. Overall, animals fed with higher amounts of non-digestible carbohydrates had lower ADFI and BW. Sugar beet pulp provoked an increase of WRC, a higher concentration of SCFA, and a more stable microbial diversity throughout the experimental period. On the other hand, animals fed with wheat bran presented a lower bacterial diversity.     

退耕还草产业化技术经济效果评价方法探讨

以平凉市退耕还草产业化技术开发为例,以产业化系统链中各子系统间的功能协调统一为依据,以退耕还草产业化机制为纽带,在研究建立平凉市退耕还草产业化技术经济效果包括4个一级指标(基础指标、配套指标、服务指标和效益指标)和17个二级指标体系的基础上,采用层次分析法(AHP法)、隶属度函数法和综合效益指数法作为退耕还草产业化技术经济效果的评价方法.经比较得出:平凉市退耕还草产业化技术开发综合指数达到0.595 1,属初步产业化阶段,相对发展指数达到27.268%,年均产业化进步速度达到6.817%.     

杀菌型乳酸菌饮料的模糊数学综合感官评判方法

通过对市场上流行的5种杀菌型乳酸菌饮料的焦糖味、果味、发酵味、甜味、酸味、涩感的感官评定,采用组合赋权法得出杀菌型乳酸菌饮料焦糖味、果味、发酵味、甜味、酸味、涩感的质量权重.对5种杀菌型褐色乳酸菌饮料各指标以权重,然后结合模糊数学综合评判方法,得出模糊关系曲线.结果表明:5种杀菌型乳酸菌饮料的整体感官排序为:样品5＞样品2＞样品4=样品l＞样品3,与一般排序法所得结果样品2＞样品4=样品1＞样品5＞样品3相比较稍有不同.因此,模糊数学综合评判方法比常用的排序法更科学、合理、客观.     

Evaluation of Brix Refractometry for the Estimation of Colostrum Quality in Jennies

Donkey placenta does not allow the passage of immunoglobulins; thus, foals are born hypogammaglobulinemic and an adequate intake of high-quality colostrum in the first 24 hours of life is crucial for the surviving. The study aims to assess the relation between colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration evaluated by the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) test and the Brix refractometer in donkeys to establish a cutoff value for high quality of colostrum based on Brix refractometry. Colostrum was collected at foaling, and at 6, 12, and 24 hours after foaling from the left and the right half of nine Amiata jennies. A total of 72 colostrum samples were analyzed. A Friedman test with a Dunn’s test for multiple comparisons was used for assessing the differences between the left and right half at each sampling time. No differences were found between the left and right halves; the average value was used to analyze the effect of sampling time on the IgG concentrations and Brix values. The relationship between colostrum IgG concentrations (SRID test) versus Brix value and Brix value versus time was analyzed using two different mixed linear models. A strong statistically significant relation has been found between IgG concentrations and Brix values (R² = 0.84). The relation between IgG concentrations and Brix refractometer showed a cutoff point of 17% Brix score for the identification of high-quality colostrum. The Brix value (%) decreased continuously from 16.29 by 0.29 × hour. Jennies’ and donkey foals’ management may be greatly improved using this simple and cheap device.     

过程性考核在《细胞生物学》课程教学中的应用

过程性考核是在课程实施的过程中对学生的学习进行评价的方式,强调对学生学习综合知识与能力素养的考核,能够克服一次性期末闭卷考试的不足.细胞生物学课程过程性考核根据教学内容分阶段采取多样化的考核方式,不仅可以促进学生分阶段完成学习任务,使任课教师及时了解学生的学习效果,而且还具有激发学生的学习主动性、引领学生自主学习等作用...