芥蓝×甘蓝的F2群体抽薹期性状QTLs的RAPD标记

 利用芥蓝C1 12×甘蓝秋缸Ⅵ杂交组合的F2作图群体的RAPD标记连锁图进行了19个农艺学性状的QTL定位研究，在9个连锁群上共定位了28个QTL位点。其中控制抽薹期、开花期、株高(4月27日调查)的QTL各3个；控制伸展度、株高(4月20日调查)、叶柄长QTL各2个；控制茎高、叶数、叶宽(4月27日调查)的QTL各1个；控制叶宽(5月11日调查)的QTL有5个。     

闽南黄牛体尺体重主成分分析及肉用性能研究

选择发育正常、健康无病的124头成年闽南黄牛进行体尺体重测定,采用主成分分析及因子分析的方法对闽南黄牛的主要体尺体重性状指标进行多元分析,选取前3个特征根较大的主成分,使其累计贡献率达90％以上,进行主成分分析,并对6头22～24月龄的闽南牛进行屠宰测定。结果表明：闽南牛体高、体斜长、胸围、管围、体重、十字部高分别为113．06±7．29cm、129．01±11．01cm、152．22±9．75cm、17．17±1．54cm、265．67±50．89kg;主成分分析可知各性状间除了管围外,其它指标存在不同程度的相关,各主成分的特征根分布很广。第1主成分与第2主成分的贡献率最大,经统计计算入选的2个主成分所占信息的侧重各不相同,一个是体高因子,一个是胸围因子;它们分别在一定程度上反映了闽南黄牛的体型特征及今后选育的方向和重点。6头闽南黄牛公母牛的胴体重、屠宰率、净肉率、腰部肌肉厚、大腿肌肉厚分别为145．1kg、56．17％、43．38％、7．16cm、17．51cm和131．9kg、51．25％、40．07％、3．11cm、16．34cm。     

德本F1和蓝本F1牛繁殖性能研究

以甘肃省陇东地区德国黄牛和比利时蓝牛与本地牛的杂交后代为研究对象,对F1的繁殖性能,包括妊娠期、受胎率、妊娠部位、助产和难产情况等进行了总结和分析,结果52头德本F1、38头蓝本F1受配母牛的妊娠期分别为281.9 d和282.6 d;受胎率分别为82.7%和79.0%,差异均不显著(P＞0.05);两不同杂交组合妊娠母牛均以左侧卵泡发育和妊娠较多;助产主要集中在产公犊母牛,两不同杂交组合均未出现难产情况.     

郏县红牛IGF2基因多态性与生长性状关系研究

本研究利用PCR-SSCP技术首次对郏县红牛母牛IGF2基因多态性及其与生长性状关系进行了研究。结果表明:IGF2基因第2外显子表现多态性,存在AA、AB、BB三种不同基因型。其频率分别为0.235/0.480/0.285;A/B等位基因频率分别为0.474/0.526;该位点纯合度为0.501,杂合度为0.499,位点间有效等位基因数为1.996。该基因位点处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P<0.05)。通过对郏县红牛IGF2基因第2外显子位点不同基因型与样本体重及其它体尺指标的关联分析表明:不同基因型对胸围(P<0.01)和体重(P<0.05)有显著影响,AB基因型个体的胸围和体重明显大于AA和BB型个体。说明IGF2基因可以作为标记用于郏县红牛的肉用选育。     

塞北兔主要繁殖性状的相关分析

采用通径分析的方法,对塞北兔主要繁殖性状进行了分析。结果表明：塞北兔35日龄断奶窝重与产活仔数、初生窝重、泌乳力之间的相关系数分别为0．646、0．507、0．823,直接效应影响为0．636、-0．407、0．669。通过对决定系数的计算,初步认为影响塞北兔35日龄断奶窝重的早期因素是泌乳力和产活仔数。     

饲用苎麻粉对母兔繁殖性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加不同水平饲用苎麻粉对母兔繁殖性能的影响.选择第3胎的空怀新西兰母兔480只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只.对照组日粮不含苎麻粉,试验组分别饲喂含8％、16％和24％饲用苎麻粉的日粮.试验期从空怀母兔配种前3周开始直至仔兔断奶结束.结果表明:日粮添加苎麻粉对母兔空怀和妊娠期采食量影响不...     

动态性状主基因的分离分析新方法

根据Legendre多项式的正交、可加和普适的特性,将关于时间的Legendre多项式镶嵌在遗传模型的每个遗传效应中,建立了动态性状主基因分离分析的数学模型,采用极大似然法求解模型参数。同建立在混合Logistic模型基础上的动态性状主基因分离分析法相比,新的方法在理论和实践上具有明显的优势：1）适合任何动态性状;2）能够同时分析主基因遗传效应和各种系统环境因素对动态性状变化过程的影响;3）便于计算;4）很容易推广到其他资源群体和复杂交配群体,充分利用多世代的资料实现对主基因的联合分离分析。以大豆1个F2群体为例采用新方法探索影响豆荚生长发育过程的主基因,结果表明：用2阶Legendre多项式能最佳的拟舍主基因的作用和豆荚生长发育的变化规律;豆荚的生长发育过程受1对呈完全显性的主基因控制。     

Development and validation of a quantitative PCR assay method of assessing relative resistance of oat (Avena sativa) to crown rust (Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae)

Evaluation of oat crown rust resistance is usually based on visual assessment of disease severity or infection types. Visual assessment is subjective, prone to rater bias and requires expert knowledge. PCR-based quantitative assays can overcome challenges associated with visual assessment. New TaqMan primers and probes were designed from Puccinia coronata f. sp. avenae (Pca) sequences. The primer–probe sets were specific to Pca, amplified using as little as 0.5 pg fungal DNA (fDNA) and allowed for scaling to variation in sample total DNA quantity. The quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was validated using oat recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the Provena × 94197A1-9-2-2-2-5 cross evaluated under a controlled environment. For comparison with fDNA load, inoculation with the Pca race LCBB provided segregation data on the hypersensitive response, while Pca race LSLG provided data on segregation for reduced pustule number. fDNA content was positively correlated with both pustule number and infection type (IT). Composite interval mapping identified two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on oat linkage groups Mrg12 and Mrg20 using visual and qPCR assessments (pustule number, IT and fDNA). In this study a qPCR assay method that can be used to assess the relative resistance of oat to crown rust was refined and validated, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) closely linked with two QTLs derived from the crown rust resistant line 94197A1-9-2-2-2-5 were identified.     

Quantitative trait locus analysis for soybean (Glycine max) seed protein and oil concentrations using selected breeding populations

Soybean seed protein and oil concentrations are important traits that directly affect the quality of soyfoods. Many studies and breeding programmes have been conducted to find major quantitative trait loci (QTL) that regulate protein and oil concentrations and to develop soybean cultivars with high protein and/or oil content. The purpose of this study was to identify these QTL using a selected breeding population. The population was tested in field conditions over a period of 3 years. Seed protein and oil concentrations were measured each year. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to construct genetic map using a 180K SoyaSNP array, which identified 1,570 SNPs. We identified 12 QTL for seed protein, 11 for seed oil concentration and four for both traits. Among these, 17 QTL were closely mapped to previously reported QTL, whereas ten sites were novel. Several QTL were detected across at least two experimental years. These loci are good candidate QTL for optimal seed protein and oil concentrations. Our results demonstrate that favourable target QTL can be successfully identified using selected breeding populations.     

雪茄烟品种Beinhart1000-1赤星病抗性基因的QTL定位

由链格孢菌(Alternariaalternata)引起的赤星病是最具破坏性的烟草叶斑病害之一,在中国严重地影响烟草(Nicotiana tabacum L.)的产量和质量。选育抗烟草赤星病的优良品种虽是预防该病最经济、有效的途径,但因其抗性受数量性状基因控制而很难通过常规育种手段实现。为了便于开展烟草抗赤星病分子标记辅助选择育种,本研究利用抗赤星病雪茄烟品种Beinhart1000-1和感病烤烟品种红花大金元经杂交、自交产生的362个F_2单株构建了一张包含670个SSR标记的烟草遗传连锁图谱,并结合组培快繁形成的F_2株系的田间赤星病病情指数(DI),在全基因组范围内检测获得2个与烟草赤星病抗性相关的QTL,分别位于第20和23连锁群上的SSR标记TMs05179和TMs04022,以及TM61049和TM62212之间。这2个QTL等位基因均来自抗病亲本Beinhart1000-1,它们一起解释了两亲本间81%的病情指数(DI)差异及64%的加性效应。为下一步开展烟草抗赤星病的分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。