Physiological Basis of Irrigation Scheduling for Seed Production in Egyptian Clover Syn. Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Crop

A field experiment was conducted to find out the critical physiological stages of irrigation schedules inducing better growth, physiological efficiency and seed yield potential of berseem ( Trifolium alexandrinum L., Var. S-99-1). For this purpose eight irrigation treatments were made comprised of four treatments of three irrigation (W₁, W₂, W₃ and W₄), three treatments of four irrigation (W₅, W₇ and W₈) and one treatment of five irrigation (W₆) at various physiological stages i. e. regeneration, flower initiation, full bloom, seed initiation and advance seed development stage.
Thus based on the experimental results the physiological role of watering in berseem seed production could be discussed as:
With-holding of irrigation either at regeneration or at full bloom stage developed potential water stress in plants as indicated by high proline content of irrigation treatments — W₄, W₁ and W₇; and further brought out disturbance on the formation of carotene, synthesis of water soluble sugar and translocation of sugar towards reproductive organs during grain development stage. These stresses adversely affected the plant growth and flowering behaviour. The irrigation at seed initiation stage increased the seed yield. Continuous irrigation did not appear to be useful. Thus it can be concluded that irrigation at three critical physiological stages i. e. regeneration, full bloom and seed initiation was found to be essential for obtaining potential seed yield of berseem.     

Genetic analyses of resistance of the wheat differential cultivars Carstens V and Spaldings Prolific to two races of Puccinia striiformis

Genetic analysis of resistance of wheat seedlings to two races of Puccinia striiformis was conducted on F₁, F₂ and F₃ generations from crosses Carstens V (CV) × Lee, Spaldings Prolific (SPA) × Lee and CV × SPA. F₂ generations from crosses of CV and SPA with Strubes Dickkopf (SD) were also studied. The plants were classified into six resistance classes and analysed by factorial correspondence analysis and nonhierarchical classification. The two P. striiformis isolates tested were a French isolate of race 43E138 and a Lebanese isolate of race 2E16, selected for the differences in their virulence spectra for the common differential cultivars Strubes Dickkopf and Nord Desprez. Resistance of CV and SPA was recessive and dominant to races 43E138 and 2E16, respectively. CV possessed three or four resistance genes, one of them being expressed with both races. Two genes of CV had a cumulative effect for resistance to 43E138 and two or three gave dominant resistance to 2E16. SPA had three resistance genes, all of which gave resistance to 2E16 and two of which also gave resistance to 43E138. SPA had one gene in common with CV for resistance to both races. Furthermore, the gene for resistance to race 2E16 in CV and SPA was allelic with a gene in SD, and was probably Yr25 .     

稻瘟菌糖原合成酶激酶MoGSK3功能探究

【目的】观测稻瘟菌（Magnaporthe oryzae）糖原合成酶激酶基因MoGSK3敲除突变体表型,明确MoGSK3在稻瘟菌中的潜在生物学功能,为挖掘防治稻瘟菌新型药剂的潜在靶标提供参考。【方法】基于同源重组原理,用split-PCR方法获得稻瘟菌MoGSK3敲除突变体菌株,将MoGSK3基因克隆到pFL2载体上得到MoGSK3-C融合载体,并将其通过PEG介导的原生质体转化法导入MoGSK3突变体中得到回补菌株。培养观察野生型菌株Guy11、突变体菌株G3-9及回补菌株GC-1的菌落形态和生长状况,采用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测稻瘟菌产孢相关基因的表达量;观察稻瘟菌不同菌株的分生孢子形态,通过附着胞洋葱表皮穿透试验及接种水稻叶片,研究其致病力;通过KI-I-2染色对野生型菌株Guy11及突变体菌株G3-9分生孢子和附着胞中的糖原运输能力进行观测。【结果】稻瘟菌MoGSK3突变体存在多个表型缺陷,与野生型菌株Guy11相比,MoGSK3突变体菌株G3-9菌落直径显著变小,生长缓慢,产孢相关基因表达量下降且分生孢子出现末端伸长畸形的状态。MoGSK3基因缺失还会导致稻瘟菌菌丝末端无法形成正常的分生孢子梗,附着胞无法穿透洋葱表皮形成侵染菌丝,接种划伤水稻叶片也无法形成褐色病斑。对MoGSK3突变体菌株G3-9分生孢子及附着胞进行糖原染色后发现,突变体菌株G3-9在糖原转运能力方面存在明显缺陷。【结论】MoGSK3基因参与稻瘟菌的生长、分生孢子形成及形态建成、侵染、糖原转运等过程,是稻瘟菌重要的毒力因子。     

1993年全国小麦秆锈菌种群动态分析

１９９３年我国小麦秆锈病发生较轻，从８个省１８个区县中的４７个品种上采集到的９５个标样中分离到菌株３３６个，鉴定出２１Ｃ３ＣＫＲ、２１Ｃ３ＣＫＨ、２１Ｃ３ＣＴＲ、２１Ｃ３ＣＴＨ、２１Ｃ３ＣＦＲ、２１Ｃ３ＣＦＨ、３４Ｃ１ＭＫＲ、３４Ｃ１ＭＫＨ和３４Ｃ２ＭＫＲ等９个致病类型；２１Ｃ３ＣＫＲ的出现频率为６５．２％，居于首位，２１Ｃ３ＣＤＨ为１４．５％，２１Ｃ３ＣＴＲ为１０．７％，２１Ｃ３ＣＦＲ为４．２％     

中国条锈菌新小种条中30、31号的研究

本文报道了1991年以来对新小种条中30、31号鉴定与致病性的研究。继1991年发现对绵阳系成株小麦有致病力的、对Hybrid46有毒的新致病类型91—1,1993年又发现了新的致病类型93—1。根据它们对我国鉴别寄主的反应,命名为条中30、31号。与条中28、29号相比,新小种具有更宽毒性基因组成和更高的相对寄生适合度值,它们对我国生产品种、高代品系和重要抗源有更广的致病范围。证实两个新小种的出现和发展是绵阳系小麦抗条锈变异的主要因素,建议加强对新小种抗病育种和流行预测的研究。     

香菇纤维素酶和半纤维素酶的热效应

本文测定了温度对香菇胞外纤维素酶和半纤维素酶活性的影响。木屑基质培养90天的香菇胞外游纸纤维素酶（C_1酶）、羧甲基纤维素酶（C_X酶）和半纤维素酶（H_C酶）的最适作用温度分别是55℃、55～60℃和50℃。在50～55℃条件下保温1小时后,C_1酶和H_C酶活性大幅度下降,而C_x酶活性下降较为缓慢,具有较高的热稳定性。本文提出相对活力系数（Relative activity coefficient,RAC）作为表示香菇菌丝生长温度与酶最适作用温度之间关系的一个参数。     

草地贪夜蛾核型多角体病毒对草地贪夜蛾的毒力及其侵染特征

为明确草地贪夜蛾核型多角体病毒（Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus,SfMNPV）对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda 的毒力及其体内外侵染特性,于室内测定SfMNPV对草地贪夜蛾的毒力,采用苏木精-伊红（hematoxylin-eosin,HE）染色分析SfMNPV侵染后草地贪夜蛾的组织病理学特征,通过实时荧光定量PCR（real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR,qPCR）技术分析SfMNPV在草地贪夜蛾体内和Sf9细胞系中的复制特征。结果表明,SfMNPV对草地贪夜蛾2龄幼虫的LC₅₀和LT₅₀分别为7.39×10⁵ OBs/mL和3.82 d;SfMNPV可侵染草地贪夜蛾幼虫的真皮、气管、脂肪体和中肠等组织,未侵染肌肉组织;SfMNPV侵染96 h后草地贪夜蛾体内SfMNPV基因组拷贝数最大,为3.91×10⁶ 拷贝数/ng,SfMNPV侵染96 h后Sf9细胞培养上清液中SfMNPV基因组拷贝数最大,为2.08×10⁷ 拷贝数/mL。     

8个中山杉新无性系耐盐力的水培试验研究

用水培法对8个中山杉新无性系进行不同质量分数氯化钠液处理,以相对生长量(RG)、盐害指数(SI)和相对电导率(RL)为指标,进行耐盐力评估。经聚类分析和相关性分析,结果表明:在水培条件下,不同无性系的耐盐力达0.30%~0.45%。中山杉118号具有较好的耐盐性,耐盐力为0.4%~0.45%;中山杉136号、1号、146号和149号耐盐力中等,为0.35%~0.40%;而中山杉102号,27号和24号的耐盐性较差,为0.3%~0.35%。RG与RL以及RG与SI两两均呈极显著负相关,RL和SI之间呈极显著正相关。相对生长量、盐害指数和相对电导率均可作为中山杉耐盐能力综合评价指标。     

应用RT-PCR对新城疫病毒分离株毒力的快速鉴定

根据新城疫病毒 (NDV)强、弱毒株在 F蛋白裂解位点氨基酸组成和序列上的差异 ,参照有关文献 ,设计了 3对引物 (A B,A C,A D)。引物 A B能从 L a Sota、B1 、 系和强毒 F4 8E8的含毒尿囊液中扩增出 36 2 bp的核酸片段 ,引物 A C仅能从强毒 F4 8E8的含毒尿囊液中扩增出 2 5 4 bp的片段 ,引物 A D仅能从 L a Sota、B1 、 系的含毒尿囊液中扩增出 2 5 4 bp片段。 3对引物均不能从 IB、IBD、AI的含毒尿囊液和正常鸡胚尿囊液中扩增出特异片段。从发病鸡群中分离的 3株 NDV毒株均被 A C引物扩出 ,它们的鸡胚平均死亡时间 (MDT)分别为 5 1.8、5 3.2、5 2 .6 h,1日龄雏鸡脑内接种指数 (ICPI)为 1.6 5、1.6 3、1.6 0 ,证明是 NDV强毒。利用 RT- PCR对 NDV人工感染鸡最早可于攻毒后第 2天从病鸡气管中检测到 NDV,其次为泄殖腔和脾、肾。利用 RT- PCR对 NDV毒力的鉴定结果与传统生物学试验的测定结果完全吻合 ,但前者可在 2 4 h内直接对组织匀浆进行诊断 ,具有快速、简便和敏感的特点     

我国不同区域鸡源大肠杆菌的致病性与耐药性状分析

为比较我国不同地区发病鸡源大肠杆菌的致病类型、毒力因子差异和其耐药状况,探讨大肠杆菌对家禽生产和公共卫生的影响,对从山东、西藏等7个省(自治区)的发病鸡群分离获得的130株大肠杆菌菌株,用PCR方法进行了肠致病性大肠杆菌、肠毒素型大肠杆菌等5种致病类型检测和ompT、stx2等7种毒力因子检测,并用15种药物测其耐药性。结果发现,仅5株发病鸡源大肠杆菌为致病性大肠杆菌(3.85%,5/130),且均为肠产毒性大肠杆菌(ETEC)。130株大肠杆菌检测出iroN毒力因子检出率最高(69.23%,90/130),stx2最低(1.54%,2/130),其余均在50%~60%。分离菌株对四环素和氨苄西林耐药率最高,分别为91.54%(119/130)、90.77%(118/130),对美罗培南耐药率最低(12.31%,16/130);多重耐药严重,94.62%(123/130)的菌株对三类或三类以上的药物耐药。本研究通过比较不同地区养鸡场大肠杆菌的致病性和耐药情况,以进一步做好大肠杆菌病的防控。