基于红边参数的棉花冠层叶片氮积累量之估算研究

测试了棉花2个品种4水平种植密度的4个关键生育时期冠层反射光谱,应用微分技术处理棉花冠层反射光谱,提取了红边(680～750nm)波段范围的最大一阶微分值(Dr)和红边面积(SDr)参数。分析了棉花冠层红边参数在不同生育期的变化特征和棉花吐絮期的两种生长类型的冠层红边状况,表明红边位置可以指示它们的氮素状况。以新陆早8号的SDr为自变量与对应的LNA为因变量进行相关分析,SDr与冠层LNA达1%极显著相关(R=0.9186**,n=32),利用其构建的模型方程估算新陆早6号的LNA,实测LNA和估测LNA的估计标准差为0.8909g/m2,估算精度为88.1%(R=0.9277**,n=32),说明采用高光谱提取的红边参数信息是无损实时、快捷评价棉花氮素状况的有效方法。     

红富士苹果套袋后果皮中花青苷积累与酚类物质代谢的关系

以红富士苹果为试材,分别在山东栖霞和泰安研究了套袋后果皮中酚类物质代谢与花青苷积累的关系。结果表明,套袋后果皮花青苷积累与酚类物质代谢密切相关。果皮中多酚氧化酶（PPO）含量较对照（不套袋果）降低,过氧化物酶（POD）和苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）较对照升高,类黄酮、水溶性酚和花青苷含量较对照增加,果实着色迅速而良好。但在摘袋后气候不利和果袋为劣质单层纸袋条件下,果皮中酚类物质和花青苷含量均低于对照。     

Postharvest pigmentation in red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) in response to optimum light and temperature

The development of red color in the peel of red Chinese sand pears (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) is influenced by temperature and light; however, the response patterns vary among different cultivars. In this study, we systematically investigated the influence of postharvest treatment with various temperatures (low, high, variant and constant) on detached mature fruit of red Chinese sand pear ‘Mantianhong’ and ‘Meirensu’. Fruit of red apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) ‘Royal Gala’ and red European pear (P. communis L.) ‘Cascade’ received the same treatments for comparison. Furthermore, the effects of light quality and irradiance level on ‘Mantianhong’ pears were evaluated at the optimum temperature for anthocyanin accumulation. Fruit firmness and concentrations of total soluble sugars and organic acids were measured to determine fruit quality. The effect of temperature on red Chinese sand pear fruit color was similar to that of apples, but not European pear. Moreover, low temperature more effectively induced red coloration in ‘Mantianhong’ and ‘Meirensu’ pears than high temperature; anthocyanin levels increased with increasing irradiance level from 0 to 532 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹, and UV-B and visible light synergistically improved the red color of the fruit. Therefore, a combination of low temperature and high intensity of UV-B/visible light could improve the postharvest coloration of red sand pear fruit. The results will contribute to an improved understanding of the mechanism responsible for the coloration of red Chinese sand pears and will aid development of new techniques to improve color in postharvest fruit.     

酸枣幼根原生质体的制备

以生长6～9 d的酸枣种子幼根为试验材料,0.7 mol·L-1甘露醇作为渗透压稳定剂、pH值5.5～6.0、28℃恒温水浴条件下,以光学显微镜观察的水解总时间、初始产生原生质体的时间、原生质体产量及细胞碎片量为指标,研究通过酶水解来制备酸枣幼根原生质体的方法.结果表明,在含1％果胶酶+4％纤维素酶R-10+3％纤维素...     

贮藏期间红富士苹果虎皮病发病因素分析及应对措施

综述与分析引起红富士苹果贮藏后期发生虎皮病的主要因素和发病机理,针对苹果采前与采后生产实际,提出相应的预防措施,以期达到防止红富士苹果虎皮病的发生,降低发病率和病情指数的目的。     

红枣茉莉花茶复合饮料的研制

以太谷壶瓶枣、茉莉花茶为主要原料,利用正交试验设计,主要研究了茶叶的类型、茶水比、复合汁配方对红枣茉莉花茶复合饮料品质的影响。结果表明,红枣茉莉花茶复合饮料最佳的生产工艺条件为:茉莉花茶与水的比例1:100,茶汤与红枣汁的混合比为1:1,蔗糖用量4%,柠檬酸用量0.05%,食盐用量0.10%。该饮料风味浓郁,口感柔和,具有保健、清凉止渴之功效。     

Application of low intensity light pulses to delay postharvest senescence of Ocimum basilicum leaves

Fresh basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a highly perishable leafy green vegetable with a storage life of 4–5 d at room temperature. Exposure of basil leaves to temperatures below 12 °C during storage results in chilling injury; therefore, refrigeration cannot be used to extend postharvest life of basil. Typically, leafy vegetables are stored in darkness or extremely low irradiance. Darkness is known to induce senescence, and the initial phase of senescence is reversible by exposure to light. In this work, we studied the effects of low-intensity white light pulses at room temperature on postharvest senescence of basil leaves. Daily exposure for 2 h to 30–37 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ of light was effective to delay postharvest senescence of basil leaves. Chlorophyll and protein levels decreased, ammonium accumulated and leaves developed visual symptoms of deterioration (darkening) during storage in darkness. Light pulses reduced the intensity of these senescence symptoms. The photosynthesis light compensation point of basil leaves was 50 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ i.e., higher than the intensity used in this study, and the effect of treatment with red light was the same as with white light, while far red light was ineffective. Light pulses exerted a local effect on chlorophyll loss, but the effect on protein degradation was systemic (i.e., spreading beyond the illuminated parts of the leaf blade). The results of this study indicate that daily treatment for 2 h with low intensity light (30–37 μmol m⁻² s⁻¹ every day) during storage at 20 °C is an effective treatment to delay postharvest senescence of basil leaves. The delay of postharvest senescence by low intensity light pulses seems to be mediated by phytochromes, and it is systemic for protein, and partially systemic for chlorophyll degradation.     

晋南地区红富士苹果贮后品质劣变的原因及防范措施

在对近年来山西省晋南地区红富士苹果采后贮藏过程中出现的风味品质下降、虎皮病、果肉果心褐变、耐贮性下降等问题进行深入调查研究的基础上,总结了采收与采后环节引起红富士苹果贮后品质劣变的原因,并提出了相应的防范措施。     

枣树小冠疏层形空间产量分布及果实品质比较

为了探究枣树小冠疏层形的结构特点、各冠层产量分布及果实品质状况,为枣树造形提供理论支撑,以‘鲁枣2号’枣为试材,研究枣树小冠疏层形的个体结构、生长特性、产量分布及果实品质差异。结果表明：小冠疏层形中间冠层为产量主要分布层,枣果数与枣吊数最多,但是果枝比较其他2个冠层要低,下层平均单果重最大,上层叶绿素SPAD值、叶面积、枣吊长度和果实可溶性固形物含量均比下层高。因此,在对枣树小冠疏层形进行整形修剪时,要严格控制树冠上层的营养生长,适当控制中间冠层侧枝长度,缩放下部冠层侧枝,这样有利于提高果实的品质和产量。     

糯玉米淀粉低糖红枣糕的制备及质构特性研究

以红枣为原料,添加糯玉米淀粉等辅料制备低糖红枣糕,选取淀粉种类、蜂蜜添加量、淀粉添加量和熬煮时间四因素,分析其对红枣糕质构特性及感官品质的影响,采用三因素二次回归正交旋转组合设计,以硬度和咀嚼度为评价指标对低糖红枣糕工艺参数进行优化。结果表明,添加晋鲜糯2号糯玉米淀粉制得的红枣糕品质较好,其最佳工艺为：淀粉添加量9.8%,蜂蜜添加量29%,熬煮时间21 min,该条件下制得的产品品质与市售红枣糕相当,同时含糖量明显降低,克服了低糖红枣糕不易切割、成型困难的问题,说明糯玉米淀粉具有作为增稠剂和稳定剂的综合特性。