机器人在设施农业领域应用现状及发展趋势分析

机器人技术在设施农业领域的广泛应用,不仅大幅提升农业产量,也能够体现一个国家农业现代化科技水平。机器人操作系统ROS的兴起,逐渐成为国内外设施农业机器人研究开发的热点。对国内外机器人设施农业领域相关研究探讨分析,综述当前机器人在种苗嫁接移栽、喷药施肥、果蔬收获加工、畜禽健康养殖等设施农业领域方面的应用现状,总结归纳SLAM地图构建、自主导航、机器视觉三种机器人关键技术研究趋势,并对比分析路径规划中Dijkstra算法、BFS算法、A*算法的优缺点以及机器视觉在果蔬采摘分选等领域的发展趋势。面对农业向智慧农业方向发展,总结并展望设施农业机器人未来发展趋势。     

皱纹盘鲍血细胞活性氧产生的研究↑（*）

在体外条件下用不同刺激物(海洋酵母细胞和酵母聚糖)对皱纹盘鲍血细胞进行刺激,测定血细胞吞噬活动中经历呼吸爆发产生活性氧的化学发光反应。结果表明,皱纹盘鲍血细胞经刺激诱导吞噬活动中有明显的呼吸爆发现象和很强的活性氧产生。不同的刺激物产生的化学发光强度不同;同一种刺激物的不同处理和不同浓度对血细胞产生活性氧的化学发完强度的影响不同。刺激物经皱纹盘鲍自体血清调理和未经调理对血细胞刺激所产生的化学发光强度不同。SOD和NaN3对血细胞吞噬过程中活性氧产生的化学发光有抑制作用。皱纹盘鲍血细胞在吞噬防御反应中能够通过产生活性氧对外源病原进行杀灭。     

Differential response of zucchini varieties to low storage temperature

Several parameters related to cold damage in zucchini have been measured in fruits from different varieties cultivated in the province of Almería (south-eastern Spain). The purpose of this work is to correlate physiological parameters with commercial quality and chilling damage, in order to establish reliable criteria for selecting varieties having better genetic adaptation to low-temperature storage. The results show that, for varieties harvested during February, the variety Natura was the best adapted to storage at 4 °C, as its fruits suffered less from chilling injuries, had a lower weight loss, and the levels of metabolites malonyldialdehyde and H₂O₂ were not as high as in the other varieties. Genetic variation was detected for some of the parameters analysed. The positive correlation among the levels of MDA, H₂O_2, and chilling injury, as well as the negative correlation among catalase and chilling injury, makes these parameters good indicators of chilling damage in our system.     

Effect of Psammaplin A on in vitro Development of Bovine Aging Oocytes

To investigate the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitor Psammaplin A (PsA) on the development of bovine aging oocytes in vitro,oocytes were randomly divided into control group,aging group and 50 mmol/L PsA treated aging group (PsA group).Immunofluorescence staining and JC-1 were used to detect the blastocyst rate of bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation,the number of cells in blastocysts,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species (ROS),glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of embryos.The results showed that the blastocyst rate of the aging group was significantly lower than that of PsA and control groups (P<0.05).The blastocyst rate of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of control group and PsA group were significantly higher than that of aging group (P<0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The apoptosis rate in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05),the apoptosis rate of PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The GSH level of MⅡ oocytes in aging group was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSH level between control and PsA groups (P>0.05).The ROS level of the embryos in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The ROS level in PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential of early embryos of aging group 4-8 cells was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of control group was significantly higher than that of PsA group (P<0.05).In summary,PsA could effectively delay the aging of bovine oocytes and improve the quality of oocytes.     

白藜芦醇对奶牛性控冻精品质和体外受精能力的影响

本研究旨在探究不同浓度白藜芦醇处理对奶牛性控冻精品质和体外受精能力的影响。在解冻后的奶牛性控冻精中分别添加0、10~(-3)、10~(-4)、10~(-5) mol/L的白藜芦醇,各组精子在受精液中获能孵育1.5 h后,测定精子质量和体外受精能力。结果表明:添加白藜芦醇均可有效降低性控冻精中活性氧(ROS)含量、提高顶体完整活精子比例(P0.05),其中10~(-3)、10~(-4) mol/L的白藜芦醇处理对降低ROS含量最为显著;10-4 mol/L的白藜芦醇处理可显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量并提高性控冻精的卵裂率和囊胚率(P0.05)。综上所述,白藜芦醇作为一种外源性天然抗氧化剂,通过降低性控精液中过量的ROS水平、抑制精子脂质过氧化反应、保护顶体完整性,从而提高性控精子质量和体外受精能力。     

输卵管上皮细胞共培养促进小鼠早期胚胎发育机理的探索

为研究输卵管上皮细胞对小鼠早期胚胎发育质量及胚胎对共培养细胞活力和基因转录量的影响,探索输卵管上皮细胞共培养促进小鼠早期胚胎发育的机理,建立纯化的小鼠输卵管上皮细胞系并对合子进行共培养,用DCHFDA测定胚胎内部的H2 O2含量,以MTT法测定输卵管上皮细胞活力,用RT-PCR检测CAT及GPX的转录状况.结果表明:1)共培养能够提高2-细胞早期、4-细胞期胚胎发育率(0.951 3％ VS 0.903 3％,0.857 6％ VS0.700 5％,P＜0.05)和囊胚发育率(0.537 9％ VS 0.573 3％,P＞0.05);2)2-细胞早期胚胎内部的H2 O2含量显著降低(0.047 9 VS 0.068 2,P＜0.05);3)Ⅰ和Ⅱ型阻滞胚胎的比例降低(0.158 3％ VS 0.192 6％,0.213 3％ VS0.433 9％,P＞0.05),Ⅲ型阻滞胚胎的比例提高(0.621 6％ VS 0.373 3％,P＜0.05);4)共培养细胞活性上升(0.216 7 VS0.195 7,P＞0.05);5)CAT及GPX的转录量增加(1.202 0 VS0.984 9,1.310 1 VS 0.998 3,P＞0.05).结果显示输卵管上皮细胞共培养通过增强自身的抗氧化能力,利用细胞-细胞间的相互作用降低胚胎细胞内部的活性氧,提高胚胎质量,促进胚胎发育.     

水体Cu2+对三疣梭子蟹主要组织ROS含量和抗氧化能力的影响

为探究水体Cu2+对三疣梭子蟹主要组织氧自由基水平和抗氧化能力的影响,采用生态学单因子梯度试验方法,研究了不同浓度水体Cu2+(0.04、0.4、2、4 mg·L-1)胁迫下三疣梭子蟹鳃、肝胰腺、肌肉组织中的活性氧(ROS)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的变化。结果表明:与对照组相比,低浓度水体Cu2+(0.04、0.4 mg·L-1)对三疣梭子蟹鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉组织ROS含量没有显著影响,而高浓度水体Cu2+(2、4 mg·L-1)会导致鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉组织ROS含量显著升高,且升高的幅度与Cu2+浓度成正比。低浓度水体Cu2+(0.04、0.4 mg·L-1)对三疣梭子蟹鳃、肝胰腺和肌肉组织的SOD活性和T-AOC均具有诱导作用,随实验时间的延长,SOD活性和T-AOC呈峰值变化;而高浓度水体Cu2+(2、4 mg·L-1)短时间内对梭子蟹的鳃、肝胰腺、肌肉组织的SOD活性及鳃T-AOC具有诱导作用,但对肝胰腺和肌肉T-AOC却有明显的抑制作用,在实验时间内两种组织T-AOC始终低于对照组,并呈逐渐下降趋势。由此说明低于0.4 mg·L-1的水体Cu2+在三疣梭子蟹抗氧化解毒能力的可控范围,但高于2 mg·L-1的水体Cu2+会对三疣梭子蟹主要组织细胞造成损伤,使之抗氧化解毒能力下降。抗氧化酶和非酶抗氧化物在三疣梭子蟹抵御Cu2+胁迫中共同发挥作用,三种组织SOD和T-AOC表现出明显的时间和剂量效应。     

牦牛铜锌超氧化物歧化酶基因cDNA克隆测序及其分子进化研究

对牦牛Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA进行克隆测序。所扩增片段长度为842bp,编码区长度为459bp。扩增片段与奶牛Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA序列比较发现有16个碱基存在差异。通过与已知Cu/Zn-SOD cDNA序列的7个物种:人、猪、鼠、大鼠、奶牛以及马的cDNA序列的比较构建了分子进化系统树。对所得序列的ORF分析发现,牦牛Cu/Zn-SOD由152个氨基酸组成,并对氨基酸序列进行了比对分析。     

Activation of Antioxidant System by KCl Improves the Chilling Tolerance in Hybrid Maize

As maize is a chilling-sensitive crop, low temperatures during the early stages of development can be injurious to crop growth and development. Prime mechanism behind chilling-induced damage is oxidative stress. This study was undertaken to improve the chilling tolerance in hybrid maize by seed priming with KCl. For priming, seeds of the maize hybrid Hycorn 8288 were soaked in 50, 100 and 150 mg l⁻¹ aerated solution of KCl for 24 h and then re-dried close to original weight. Primed and untreated seeds were sown at 27 °C (optimal temperature) and at 15 °C (chilling stress) under controlled conditions. Seed priming improved the performance of maize under both normal and stress conditions. It was found that the chilling tolerance in maize is well associated with the enhanced capacity of the anti-oxidative system. Priming with KCl significantly improved the chilling tolerance mainly by the activation of antioxidants including catalase, superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase enzymes. KCl treatments also improved the germination rate and time, root and shoot length, and fresh and dry weights of seedlings compared with control. Soluble sugars and α-amylase activity determined as general metabolic indicators of stress were also improved by seed priming with KCl. Other possible bases of chilling tolerance in maize included maintenance of high tissue water contents, reduced electrolyte leakage and carbohydrate metabolism. Seed treatment with 100 mg l⁻¹ KCl was the best treatment to improve the performance of hybrid maize both under normal and chilling stress conditions.