Genetic Relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula Using AFLP Markers

Genetic relationships among Prunus mume var. pendula were studied by using AFLP markers. 18 accessions representing 14 cultivars ofPrunus murne var. pendula were selected from the germplasm collection at the Research Center of China Mci Flower. Seven Mse I-EcoR I AFLP primer combinations revealed 450 legible bands, and 269 of which were polymorphic markers. A similarity matrix was prepared using the simple matching coefficient of similarity and Nei‘s (72) distance coefficient. A UPGMA dendrogram demonstrated the genetic relationships of the cultivars. The information given by AFLP markers was basically consistent with the morphological classification and the evolutionary history of the morphotypes, and roughly supported the new revised classification system for Chinese Mci Cultivars. But there were still several exceptions: 1) the ‘Guhong Chuizhi‘ inserted between the ‘Tiaoxue Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Danfen Chuizhi‘; 2) the ‘Wufu Chuizhi‘ kept off the Pink Pendant Form, and the ‘Moshan Chuizhi‘ was removed from Viridiflora Pendant Form; 3) the ‘Danbi Chuizhi‘ and the ‘Shuangbi Chuizhi‘ of Viridiflora Pendant Form got together well but fell within the Pink Pendant Form.     

极早熟杏李新品种风味玫瑰丰产栽培技术

为给黄土丘陵区提供优良的杏李种间杂交新品种,并总结出风味玫瑰在豫西黄土丘陵区的丰产栽培技术,在河南省豫西黄土丘陵区进行了风味玫瑰杏李的引种试验。建园第2年结果,第5年丰产,第3~5年每hm2产量分别达到8 490 kg、16 920 kg、32 820 kg,每hm2产值分别达到84 900元、118 440元、196 920元,纯收入分别达64 050元、79 095元、140 550元。5月下旬果实成熟期,平均单果质量95.3 g,最大单果质量150.0 g。果实紫红色,果皮易剥离;果肉鲜红色,肉质细,粗纤维少,汁液多,香气浓,具有浓郁的玫瑰花香味,可溶性固形物含量15.3%~18.6%。对风味玫瑰杏李的丰产栽培技术进行了总结,包括建园、土肥水管理、整形修剪、授粉、花果管理、病虫害防治等方面。     

三种抗旱植物叶片解剖结构的对比观察

通过制作石蜡切片对沙棘、文冠果、虎榛子叶片的解剖结构进行了观察 ,以角质层厚度 ,栅栏组织厚度/叶肉组织厚度 ,第一层栅栏组织细胞密集度 ,侧维管束密度 ,主脉厚度这几项旱性结构的主要指标进行检验比较 ,结果表明这三种植物都具备抗旱结构但又有各自的抗旱特点 ,综合各抗旱指标对三种植物的抗旱性排序 ,其抗旱能力为 :文冠果 >沙棘 >虎榛子     

CaCl_2处理对奈李低温贮藏期生理生化的影响

为了探明 Ca2 对奈李低温贮藏的保鲜效应 ,对奈李采用不同浓度的 Ca Cl2 溶液处理、聚乙烯薄膜袋包装、在低温 ( 5℃ )下贮藏 ,研究其生理生化变化情况 .结果表明 :采用质量分数为 0 .5 %～ 1.0 %的 Ca Cl2 溶液处理 ,对奈李的呼吸作用、Vc含量的降低、可溶性固性物的消耗、电导率和 POD(过氧化物酶 )活性的升高以及贮藏期的失水等均具有抑制作用 ,而用较高浓度的 Ca Cl2 ( 2 .0 %～ 6.0 % )溶液处理 ,则具有相反的作用 .     

正交试验法优化元宝枫叶中黄酮类提取工艺

以元宝枫叶为原料,优化槲皮素、山奈酚的提取工艺。运用正交试验法考察提取条件对提取率的影响。结果表明,元宝枫叶提取槲皮素、山奈酚最佳工艺为:以20倍样品质量的水煎煮提取2次,每次3 h。干膏得率1.02%,山奈酚质量分数为50.4 mg/g,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.2%;槲皮素质量分数为48.2 mg/g,RSD为1.6%。该工艺可使样品中2种活性成分有效提取分离,且经济、环保。     

辽西地区仁用杏春季冻害与气象因子的相关分析

根据多年的气象资料,采用历史上仁用杏产量序列与春季气象要素中的因子进行相关统计分析,提出了与产量有显著相关的2个气象因子:4月最低气温≤0℃终日;4—5月中旬最低气温≤-1.0℃终日。同时提出了春季冻害的综合预防措施。     

嫁接时间和处理方式对文冠果嵌芽接成活率的影响

为快速繁育文冠果优良品种,以1年生播种苗为砧木,采集5年生良种母株饱满芽,开展文冠果嵌芽接试验。结果表明,不同嫁接时间和处理方式对嵌芽接成活率影响显著,8月下旬在砧木背光面嫁接带木质部的饱满芽,自下而上(覆瓦状)缠膜,接后折断砧木上部枝条,嵌芽最易成活,成活率高达85%。     

Soil CO2 efflux in an Afromontane forest of Ethiopia as driven by seasonality and tree species

Variability of soil CO₂ efflux strongly depends on soil temperature, soil moisture and plant phenology. Separating the effects of these factors is critical to understand the belowground carbon dynamics of forest ecosystem. In Ethiopia with its unreliable seasonal rainfall, variability of soil CO₂ efflux may be particularly associated with seasonal variation. In this study, soil respiration was measured in nine plots under the canopies of three indigenous trees (Croton macrostachys, Podocarpus falcatus and Prunus africana) growing in an Afromontane forest of south-eastern Ethiopia. Our objectives were to investigate seasonal and diurnal variation in soil CO₂ flux rate as a function of soil temperature and soil moisture, and to investigate the impact of tree species composition on soil respiration. Results showed that soil respiration displayed strong seasonal patterns, being lower during dry periods and higher during wet periods. The dependence of soil respiration on soil moisture under the three tree species explained about 50% of the seasonal variability. The relation followed a Gaussian function, and indicated a decrease in soil respiration at soil volumetric water contents exceeding a threshold of about 30%. Under more moist conditions soil respiration is tentatively limited by low oxygen supply. On a diurnal basis temperature dependency was observed, but not during dry periods when plant and soil microbial activities were restrained by moisture deficiency. Tree species influenced soil respiration, and there was a significant interaction effect of tree species and soil moisture on soil CO₂ efflux variability. During wet (and cloudy) period, when shade tolerant late successional P. falcatus is having a physiological advantage, soil respiration under this tree species exceeded that under the other two species. In contrast, soil CO₂ efflux rates under light demanding pioneer C. macrostachys appeared to be least sensitive to dry (but sunny) conditions. This is probably related to the relatively higher carbon assimilation rates and associated root respiration. We conclude that besides the anticipated changes in precipitation pattern in Ethiopia any anthropogenic disturbance fostering the pioneer species may alter the future ecosystem carbon balance by its impact on soil respiration.     

Changes induced by osmotic stress in the morphology,biochemistry, physiology,anatomy and stomatal parameters of almond species （Prunus L. spp.） grown in vitro

We investigated the influence of different levels of osmotic stress on growth and development in selected wild almond species(eight Prunus spp.) grown in vitro. The study, while endorsing the efficacy of in vitro screening of auxiliary buds of wild almond for osmotic stress tolerance, showed species variability in its response to osmotic stress. Osmotic stress reduced growth and development of all the species. However, the putative tolerant Prunus spp. showed better performance than the putative susceptible genotypes. On average there was an 80% decrease in shoot dry weight at-1.2 MPa. Reduction in shoot weight was more common in osmotic stress-susceptible species in the section labeled ‘Euamygdalus'. The tolerant Prunus species produced smaller changes in biochemical responses than the sensitive cultivars for malondialdehyde content, catalase activity, relative permeability of protoplast membranes, and net photosynthetic rate. The tolerant species maintained cell integrity better than drought sensitive species. Wild almond species in the section labeled ‘Spartioides'(Prunus arabica(Olivier) Neikle, Prunus glauca (Browicz) A.E. Murray, Prunus scoparia Spach) and ‘Lycioides'(Prunus lycioides Spach, Prunus reuteri Bossi. et Bushe) were best adapted to osmotic stress. Increase in chlorophyll concentration and leaf thickness under high osmotic stress can be considered as preliminary selection parameters for osmotic stress tolerance in Prunus spp. The study confirmed the efficacy of the in vitro method for screening of large number of genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance in wild almond species.     

榆林沙区发展生物质能源植物长柄扁桃的前景分析

针对长柄扁桃具有的优良固沙、水土保持以及油料作物的特性,本文分析了榆林发展长柄扁桃生物质能源植物的社会背景、长柄扁桃在国内外开发利用现状和榆林沙区发展长柄扁桃生物质能源的优势等,阐述了榆林沙区发展长柄扁桃生物质能源和生态环境保护的重要性和现实意义。