全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2807篇 |
免费 | 124篇 |
国内免费 | 304篇 |
专业分类
林业 | 45篇 |
农学 | 342篇 |
基础科学 | 13篇 |
117篇 | |
综合类 | 848篇 |
农作物 | 573篇 |
水产渔业 | 153篇 |
畜牧兽医 | 560篇 |
园艺 | 522篇 |
植物保护 | 62篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 9篇 |
2023年 | 27篇 |
2022年 | 38篇 |
2021年 | 66篇 |
2020年 | 98篇 |
2019年 | 85篇 |
2018年 | 65篇 |
2017年 | 101篇 |
2016年 | 136篇 |
2015年 | 115篇 |
2014年 | 128篇 |
2013年 | 148篇 |
2012年 | 183篇 |
2011年 | 212篇 |
2010年 | 148篇 |
2009年 | 184篇 |
2008年 | 165篇 |
2007年 | 232篇 |
2006年 | 160篇 |
2005年 | 105篇 |
2004年 | 123篇 |
2003年 | 93篇 |
2002年 | 66篇 |
2001年 | 60篇 |
2000年 | 47篇 |
1999年 | 51篇 |
1998年 | 49篇 |
1997年 | 57篇 |
1996年 | 41篇 |
1995年 | 41篇 |
1994年 | 42篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 23篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 36篇 |
1989年 | 15篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 5篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1983年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 2篇 |
1963年 | 3篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3235条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
11.
AIM:To observe the dynamic changes of expression of PKCα, TGF-β1 and α-SMA in glomeruli of diabetic rats induced by the alloxon and to invesitigate their roles in the diabetic nephropathy(DN).METHODS:Rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (group A), diabetic group of one week (group B), diabetic group of one month (group C), diabetic group of two months (group D). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of PKCα, TGF-β1 and α-SMA in renal tissue of all groups. Blood glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, creatinine and urine protein were analysed by chemical methods. The morphological changes of renal tissue were checked through microscopy.RESULTS:The expression of PKCα and TGF-β1 in renal tissue of diabetic groups were increased comparing with those of nomal control group(P<0.05). The mesangial cells expressed α-SMA in two months group. Chronologically the expression of PKCα, TGF-β1 and α-SMA were positively correlative with each other and the impairment of kidney was also observed.CONCLUSIONS: During the DN process the expression of PKCα increased. PKCα raised GFR and the permeability of glomerular filtration membrane which enhanced urinary albumin excretion. PKCα also increased expression of TGF-β and therefore to induce the expression of α-SMA. The appearance of α-SMA was a marker of the phenotypic transform of renal cells. 相似文献
12.
13.
AIM:To study the relationship between myocardial HSP70 and PKC during myocardial ischemic preconditioning(IPC). METHODS: PKC inhibitor, polymyxin B(PMB) and PKC activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA) were applied to the models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion in vivo and in vitro in rabbits, respectively, and the ventricular functions, PLA2 in the serum, and the expression of mycardial HSP70 mRNA were examined. RESULTS:IPC decreased PLA2 activity, improved the left ventricular function and increased the expression of myocardial HSP70 mRNA. Howerer, all these effects of IPC could be blocked by PMB. Interestingly, PMA mimicked IPC with attenuating the injuries of cardial myocytes and increasing myocardial HSP70 mRNA expression. CONCLUSION:PKC is involved in the myocardial HSP70 expression in case of ischemic preconditioning. 相似文献
14.
Protein kinase C pathway is an important intracellular signal transduction pathway. A growing number of evidences showes that activation of PKC influences endothelial cell permeability. In this review, we briefly summarize the effects and regulating pathways of protein kinase C in modulation of vascular endothelium permeability. 相似文献
15.
ZHANG Li-rong XIANG Peng XIA Wen-jie CHEN Zhen-guang ZHANG Xiu-ming LI Yan LI Shu-nong 《园艺学报》2002,18(8):896-899
AIM: To investigate the effects of PD98059 on the differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts.METHODS: hMSC were separated from human marrow and expanded in cuture medium. hMSC were induced with dexamethasone, β-glycerophosphate, vitamin C which acted as osteoblast differentiation inducer. PD98059 was added into the osteoblasts induction medium. The cells were assayed with cell morphology, alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity and calcium deposition. RESULTS: The isolated cultured MSC comprised a single phenotypic population and displayed a fibroblast-like morphology. After induced with osteoblasts induction medium, the cells showed changes in cell morphology from spindle-shape to cuboidal and polygonal. The AP activity increased gradually and reached the peak in 12 days, then decreased. Many scattered tangerice calcium nodes were observed. PD 98059 significantly inhibited AP activity and calcium deposition in a dose-dependent manner. A striking observation of the present study was that a few adipocytes appeared in cultures that were treated with PD 98059 and osteogenic differentiation medium. CONCLUSION: These results indicated that osteogenic diferentiation from the hMSCs was related to the activation of the ERK. 相似文献
16.
ZHANG Yu-xia YU Lun-yin LIU Ming-qiu ZHANG Zheng-bin TANG Zhi-jiao XIA Dong WANG Ming 《园艺学报》2002,18(1):32-35
AIM:To investigate the protein expression of cyclin D2 and p16 in proliferation and differentiation of cultured cardiac myocytes.METHODS:One-day-old Sparague-Dawley rats were used. Cardiac myocytes(CM) were collected by a trypsin-dispersal method and cultured. Cell growth line and fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to investigate the proliferation of CM. Ultra-thin sections were made to observe the ultrastructure of CM under transmission electron microscope. The expression of cyclin D2 and p16 in CM were measured using immunocytochemistry and image analysis.RESULTS:①Results of cell growth line and FACS analysis showed that cultured CM could proliferate in the first 3 cultured days, but the ability decreased quickly, concomitant with differentiation. CM was obseved quiescent in cell cycle three days later. The ultrastructure of CM showed the large amount of myofilaments and mitochondrion. ②The protein expression of cyclin D2 in 3,4,5 day CM group was 0.89 times(P<0.05),0.80 times (P<0.05) and 0.56 times (P<0.01) of that in 1 day group, respectively. The expression of p16 in CM was increased during the culture process, 2,3,4,5 day group were 1.63 times, 1.72 times, 1.99 times and 2.84 times (P<0.01) of that in 1 day group, respectively.CONCLUSION:Cultured neonatal rat cardiac myocytes could proliferate during the first 3 days after incubation, but the ability of proliferation decreased, from the fourth day, concomitant with differentiation. Cyclin D2 and p16 play the key roles in CM postnatal development. Downregulation of cyclin D2 and upregulation of p16 may induce CM differentiation. 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
AIM: In order to study the relationship between the ERK and p38 MAPK activation and the protection of 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11, 12-EET) and ischemia preconditioning (IP), the effects of 11, 12-EET and ischemic preconditioning on phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK during ischemia and reperfusion in rat myocardium were examined. METHODS: The rat heart was subjected to ischemia for 5 min by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery followed by reperfusion for 5 min (two times) to undergo ischemia preconditioning. The rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) control; (2) sham group; (3) ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, in which the rat heart suffered from 60 min ischemia followed by 30 min reperfusion; (4) IP plus I/R group; (5) EET plus I/R group, in which 6.28×10-8 mol/L 11, 12-EET was injected intravenously 20 min before I/R. The heart function was examined, and phosphorylated ERK and p38 MAPK were detected by Western blot. RESULTS: At 30 min reperfusion, +dp/dtmax, -dp/dtmax and LVDP decreased significantly in I/R group compared with sham group, IP plus I/R group and EET plus I/R group; Phosphorylated ERK1/2 level was higher in I/R group than sham group, but was lower in I/R group than IP plus I/R group and EET plus I/R group; Phosphorylated p38 MAPK level was lower in control, sham, IP plus I/R and EET plus I/R group than I/R group. CONCLUSION: 11,12-EET protects rat heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury, the mechanism may be related to activation of ERK1/2 and inhibition of p38 MAPK. 相似文献
20.
AIM: To investigate the relationship between p21WAF1gene polymorphisms and protein expression in breast carcinoma. METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction single-strand conformation polymorphisms technique (PCR-SSCP) and immunohistochemical assay of S-P immunostaining technique were used to study polymorphisms of p21WAF1 and protein expression respectively on the specimen of paraffin-embedded tissues in 100 cases of breast carcinomas and 40 benign breast diseases as control. RESULTS: Two p21WAF1 gene polymorphisms were found in 18% (18/100) of breast carcinomas and 5% (2/40) of control samples. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=3.94, P<0.05). The positive immunohistochemical reaction of p21WAF1 protein were found in 50% (50/100) of breast carcinomas and 12.5% (5/40) of control samples. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=16.84, P<0.01). The positive immunohistochemical reaction of p21WAF1 protein were found in 100% (18/18) of breast carcinomas with p21WAF1 gene polymorphisms and 39% (32/82) of no p21WAF1 gene polymorphisms. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (χ2=21.95, P<0.01). The p21WAF1 gene polymorphisms were correlated with the protein expression in breast carcinomas (r=0.576, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: p21WAF1 gene polymorphisms may create the different copies of mRNA and may make relevant protein molecules. 相似文献