113份饲草型六倍体小黑麦种质饲草产量与品质性状的评价

种质资源是遗传研究与作物改良的基础。饲草产量与品质是决定饲草型小黑麦品种利用价值的重要指标。本研究以113份国内外小黑麦种质为材料，通过2年田间种植，对其饲草产量与品质性状进行了分析与评价。结果表明参试小黑麦种质的饲草产量及其品质性状存在极显著差异，其单株鲜草产量分别为36.000～111.560 g与36.310～159.780 g，单株干草产量分别为12.000～27.000 g与9.150～30.150 g，鲜干比分别为2.380～4.370与2.610～6.210，饲草粗蛋白含量分别为6.894%～13.259%与6.680%～14.304%，饲草中性洗涤纤维含量分别为48.480%～74.850%与53.850%～67.980%，酸性洗涤纤维含量分别为26.600%～42.780%与29.000%～39.280%，饲草的相对饲用价值分别为69.650～128.150与79.840～113.170。饲草产量与品质性状的多样性指数范围为1.974～2.075。主成分分析表明，饲草纤维品质因子、饲草产量因子与综合品质因子为前3个主成分，其累计贡献率为82.198%。依据单株干草产量...     

基于社会燃烧理论的耕地非农化驱动因素分析

中国耕地非农化现象日益明显。基于社会燃烧理论分析了耕地非农化的驱动原理,建立了耕地非农化影响机制模型,并运用SPSS 19.0软件对分类驱动因素进行了主成分及回归分析。结果表明,人均GDP和固定资产投资所占GDP比重等经济发展变量对耕地非农化水平的正向影响最大;粮食单产、总产等农业技术变量对耕地非农化水平具有最大的逆向影响。最后在模型拟合的基础上提出了相应的对策与建议,旨在为合理有效保护耕地提供参考。     

Influence of Soil Particle Size on the Measurement of Sodium by Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

This study evaluates the effect of soil particle size (SPS) on the measurement of exchangeable sodium (Na) (EXC-Na) by near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy. Three hundred thirty-two (n = 332) top soil samples (0–10 cm) were taken from different locations across Uruguay, analyzed by EXC-Na using emission spectrometry, and scanned in reflectance using a NIR spectrophotometer (1100–2500 nm). Partial least squares (PLS) and principal component regression (PCR) models between reference chemical data and NIR data were developed using cross validation (leaving one out). The coefficient of determination in calibration (R²) and the root mean square of the standard error of cross validation (RMSECV) for EXC-Na concentration were 0.44 (RMSECV: 0.12 mg kg^–1) for soil with small particle size (SPS-0.053) and 0.77 (RMSECV: 0.09 mg kg^–1) for soils with particle sizes greater than 0.212 mm (SPS-0.212), using the NIR region after second derivative as mathematical transformation. The R² and RMSECV for EXC-Na concentration using PCR were 0.54 (RMSECV: 0.07 mg kg^–1) and 0.80 (RMSECV: 0.03 mg kg^–1) for SPS-0.053 and SPS-0.212 samples, respectively.     

Soil CO2 emission in sugarcane management systems

Sugarcane management systems affect soil attributes such as the carbon cycle. This fact has stimulated the sugar and alcohol industry to refine the sugarcane production systems by replacing the pre-harvest burning (PB) and manual harvest with mechanized harvesting followed by residue deposition. The aim of this study was to evaluate different management systems with respect to C cycling carbon dioxide and soil parameters (chemical, physical and biological) which were determined over the season. Three sugarcane cultivation systems were evaluated at the following periods: (a) PB, (b) 5-year green harvest and (c) 10-year green harvest. The results indicated that CO₂ emission was 36% greater in the 10-year sugarcane green harvest system than in the PB system. The bulk density and macroporosity were the factors that were most affected by the different sugarcane management systems and that significantly influenced soil CO₂ emissions. The principal component analysis showed that soil CO₂ emission was 18% influenced by base saturation (V%) and 14% by pH, especially in the PB area. Additionally, 19% was affected by carbon and macroporosity in the 5- and 10-year green harvest areas, respectively. From our results, it can be concluded that the most CO₂ emissions are in the areas of sugarcane green, this is due to the higher carbon concentration when compared with the area of burning sugarcane. The parameters that most influenced the CO₂ emissions were bulk density, porosity, macroporosity, pH and V%.     

抗旱、耐盐碱、矮秆陆地棉数量性状的遗传相关及主成份分析

对从国内外引进的抗旱、耐盐碱、矮杆棉花资源材料 ,经抗旱、耐盐碱、矮杆性鉴定和比较 ,选取了其中表现较好的 1 9份材料 ,进行了遗传相关和主成份分析 ,结果表明 :在 5 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cland1 0 0 mmol· L- 1Na Cl胁迫下的出苗率间呈正相关 ,抗盐性与产量间呈负相关 ;第一棉铃高度与纤维品质性状呈正相关。抗旱、耐盐碱、矮杆棉花材料的前 6个因子贡献率达 86.5 % ,其分别为第一棉铃高度因子、果枝数因子、单株结铃数因子、矮杆因子、单铃重因子等     

温度对绿豆芽苗菜产量和营养成分的影响

研究了不同温度对绿豆芽苗菜产量和营养成分的影响.结果表明:处理④绿豆芽苗菜生长速度最快且产量最高.其次是处理③,处理④与处理③的产量达显著差异,处理③、④与处理①、②的产量达极显著差异;营养成分中,Ve与胡萝卜素含量的大小是处理④＞处理③＞处理②、处理①;K+含量的大小是处理③＞处理④＞处理②=处理①.     

盐胁迫对5份无芒雀麦苗期生长和生理生化的影响及综合性评价

为了明确不同无芒雀麦苗期耐盐能力的强弱,本研究选择5份不同株型的无芒雀麦作为供试材料。根据新疆土壤盐碱成分设置中性盐(M盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶4∶0和碱性盐(A盐)：NaCl∶Na₂SO₄∶Na₂CO₃=1∶1∶8两种处理,于三叶期每盆一次性浇灌2 L电导率(EC)为20 ms·cm^-1的盐处理液,CK浇灌等量自来水。处理30 d后测定生长指标、叶绿素荧光特性参数、丙二醛(MDA)和渗透调节物质含量,并通过相关性分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析对13个指标进行分析评价。结果表明：除F_v/F_m和F_v/F_o外,盐胁迫显著影响其余11个指标,且5份材料间差异显著(P<0.05);5份无芒雀麦的株高、茎粗、分蘖数、地上生物量、根冠比、MDA和脯氨酸含量在不同盐胁迫下表现出不同的适应变...     

灵芝孢子受冷等静高压作用破壁提取机理的探讨

按照普通植物种子的情况,推定灵芝孢子的结构有完全充满、部分充满、有大空隙和无种仁4种形式。为此,按照这4种形式分别说明了灵芝孢子受高等静压作用时,孢子壁的破坏方式和灵芝孢子有效成分的溶出方式。     

Pd Pattern Recognition Based on Linear Discriminant Analysis in GIS

According to the character of PD in GIS, the authors design four kinds of GIS defection models. The GIS gray intensity images are constructed based on mass specimens gathered by the ultra - high frequency and high speeds systems, Aiming at the PD characteristics and its defections, A PCA-FDA method is put forward based on PD images. The principal component analysis is employed to condense the dimension of PD images, then the optimal sets of statistically uncorrelated discriminant vectors are extracted, and the minimum distance classifier is constructed as classifier. The identified results show that this method can effectively elevated the discrimination of the four kinds of defects in GIS PD.     

Temporal-spatial Filtering in the Preprocessing of Clinical EEG Signals

EEG spot-recording for clinical patients in the bed is always advocated due to easing patients and making them comfortable. But EEG signals recorded in the ward exposed to various noisesand interference is less effective in the EEG analysis. Atemporal-spatial filter is designed for noise removing of clinical EEG signals, the first filtering is temporal filtering using band-pass filter, and the second filtering is spatial filtering with ICA-based spatial filter. Experimental results indicate that various noises and interferences, such as power interference, blinking, eyes movements, muscle moments, ECG artifacts, etc., are removed effectively, individually or simultaneously.