管带式汽车散热器匹配特性仿真

以汽车冷却系统中的管带式散热器为研究对象,建立了管带式散热器的传热和流动阻力的数学模型,运用温度效率-传热单元数法对散热器的温度效率、传热以及阻力进行校核,并编制了相应的计算程序,对散热器在不同工况的匹配特性进行仿真计算,将仿真结果与实验数据进行比较分析,仿真结果与实验值基本吻合。     

离心泵小流量工况不稳定空化特性研究

为了研究离心泵小流量工况不稳定空化特性,通过数值模拟和试验,研究了离心泵小流量工况不同空化程度泵的内流特性及泵进出口压力脉动特性。结果表明:小流量工况下,蜗壳隔舌与叶轮间的动静干涉对离心泵内部不稳定流动具有重要影响,叶轮流道内受空化影响所产生的漩涡与受蜗壳隔舌影响所产生的漩涡的流动方向相反。随着空化的发展,离心泵进口压力脉动的主频由2倍轴频逐渐向低频段迁移,且存在一定的波动;泵进口压力脉动存在于2倍叶频处的峰值,随着空化发展到一定程度而消失;受叶轮与隔舌动静干涉的影响,泵出口压力脉动的主频为叶频,在2倍轴频处存在波动较大的峰值;泵进出口压力脉动的宽频脉动随着空化余量的降低存在明显变化。     

调压灌溉系统压力动态变化过程简化计算模型的研究

本文以恒定流模型为基础，采用一次差分近似及线性化处理，建立了调压灌溉系统压力动态变化过程的简化计算模型，经与非恒定流模型比较，简化模型具有较高的精度，计算简便、快捷。     

调压灌溉系统调压罐容积的计算方法

该文根据调压灌溉系统特性，考虑调压罐内空气状态多变指数、水泵配备、不同泵机组的设置压力限及频繁启停运行的最小允许周期，建立了调压罐容积计算式，并与已有成果进行了分析比较，表明该计算式考虑因素更全面、更具通用性和实用性。     

生物质物料热压成型工艺参数的探讨

通过对挤压部件的试验研究,论述了压力、温度和成型过程的滞留时间对螺杆式挤压成型机工作性能和制品质量的影响。在Darnell和Mol公式的基础上,分析了物料塞与螺杆槽壁间的滑动对压力建立的影响。研究指出,压力随滑动量的增加而减少。滑动的存在将减少最大的质量流率,如果已知滑动时的质量流率,则可估算出压力。在螺杆的输送—压缩段对最大轴向压力的测试结果表明,理论估算值与实测值间具有良好的一致性。文中引入了5元素Maxwell模型,阐述了农业废弃物在加热的机筒内压缩时的流变行为及压力分布。借助应力松驰曲线,确定了物料在机筒内的滞留时间。     

低压离子色谱综述

低压离子色谱仪器简单、易使用和维护,分析准确率、精密度、灵敏度、检测限及速度都可与离子色谱相媲美。介绍了低压离子色谱的诞生、工作流程、色谱柱的型号及适用分离离子、洗脱条件、检测器以及在环境样品分析、石油化工工业分析、皮革工业分析、稀土样品分析、食品分析、生化样品分析中的应用。     

压力容器脆性破坏与应力腐蚀的控制

本文论述了应力腐蚀对压力容器的危害、特征及应力腐蚀产生的原因并提出了在工程实际生产中所应采取的预防和控制性措施。     

Online-monitoring of tree water stress in a hedgerow olive orchard using the leaf patch clamp pressure probe

The need for sophisticated irrigation strategies in fruit tree orchards has led to an increasing interest in reliable and robust sensor technology that allows automatic and continuous recording of the water stress of trees under field conditions. In this work we have evaluated the potential of the leaf patch clamp pressure (LPCP) probe for monitoring water stress in a 4-year-old ‘Arbequina’ hedgerow olive orchard with 1667 trees ha⁻¹. The leaf patch output pressure (P_p) measured by the LPCP probe is inversely correlated with the leaf turgor pressure (>50 kPa). Measurements of P_p were made over the entire irrigation season of 2010 (April to November) on control trees, irrigated up to 100% of the crop water needs (ET_c), and on trees under two regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies. The 60RDI trees received 59.2% of ET_c and the 30RDI trees received 29.4% of ET_c. In the case of the RDI trees the irrigation amounts were particularly low during July and August, when the trees are less sensitive to water stress. At severe water stress levels (values of stem water potential dropped below ca. −1.70 MPa; turgor pressure < 50 kPa) half-inversed or completely inversed diurnal P_p curves were observed. Reason for these phenomena is the accumulation of air in the leaves. These phenomena were reversible. Normal diurnal P_p profiles were recorded within a few days after rewatering, the number depending on the level of water stress previously reached. This indicates re-establishment of turgescence of the leaf cells. Crucial information about severe water stress was derived from the inversed diurnal P_p curves. In addition P_p values measured on representative trees of all treatments were compared with balancing pressure (P_b) values recorded with a pressure chamber on leaves taken from the same trees or neighbored trees exposed to the same irrigation strategies. Concomitant diurnal P_b measurements were performed in June and September, i.e. before and after the period of great water stress subjected to RDI trees. Results showed close relationships between P_p and P_b, suggesting that the pressure chamber measures relative turgor pressure changes as the LPCP probe. Therefore the probe seems to be an advantageous alternative to the pressure chamber for monitoring tree water status in hedgerow olive tree orchards.     

柴油机单元块旋转式过滤体DPF微波再生研究

提出一种柴油机排气微粒捕集器过滤体布置方式,捕集器中采用若干端截面为扇形的单元块过滤体,呈圆周排列并在微波再生时作轴向旋转。分析了单元块旋转式过滤体捕集器的过滤及再生机理,并与传统的整体式过滤体微粒捕集器的压降特性及捕集效率进行比较,对其再生效果进行评价。试验研究表明,采用单元块旋转式过滤体能较好地实现微粒捕集器连续再生,其性能优于整体式过滤体,并有效地解决了车载电源功率对微波再生技术的限制。     

一种可变压缩比汽油机的方案设计与性能仿真研究

研究了一种通过压力自适应活塞来实现汽油机可变压缩比的方案,自行推导了其动力学方程,并基于MATLAB/S imu link对该可变压缩比汽油机缸内工作过程进行了建模及性能仿真。结果表明,可变压缩比技术可以显著改善汽油机的燃油经济性,也可以避免爆震燃烧的产生。