白三叶对黑麦草、弯叶画眉草的化感作用初探

针对白三叶Trifolium repens与黑麦草Lotium perenne、弯叶画眉草Eragrostis curvula混播时导致后2种植物数量减少甚至消失的现象,通过白三叶的根部、地上部和植株水提液对黑麦草和弯叶画眉草种子进行发芽实验,以及白三叶与黑麦草、白三叶与弯叶画眉草种子混播进行实验,研究表明:白三叶(幼苗、2年生植株根及茎叶)的水提取液在原液以及稀释20倍时对受体植物的胚根和胚芽的生长均产生明显的抑制作用,而在100倍稀释液时表现出一定的促进作用;白三叶与黑麦草及白三叶与弯叶画眉草种子混播实验,表明5∶1的比例为最佳混播比例.     

电磁振动排种器的试验研究

对排种盘上的种子进行了运动分析,论述了电磁振动排种器的工作原理。通过试验,找出了振动式排种器各运动参数对排种器排种量的影响规律。对不同形状的中、小粒种子进行了条播和精播台架试验,并对水稻、小麦种子进行了田间试验,结果表明:该排种器适用于各种形状复杂的中、小粒种子,播种精度高,不损伤种子。     

水稻田间育秧精密播种机设计与试验

为提高田间育秧播种机的播种合格率和播种稳定均匀性,设计了一种适用于南方水稻田间育秧的精密播种机。在深入分析螺旋勺轮式播种器的播种原理,以及播种器行走控制系统的基础上,采用正交试验方法,研究了螺旋勺轮的凹槽深度、螺旋升角、播种器行走速度对播种合格率和空穴率的影响规律,得出杂交稻播种合格率和空穴率影响因素的最佳参数组合:凹槽深度h为3 mm、螺旋升角α为81.73°、播种器行走速度v为0.35 m/s。试验表明,采用闭环控制系统后的播种机播种杂交稻2~6粒/格合格率由87.14%提升到93.21%,常规稻3~8粒/格的播种合格率为92.14%,播种性能满足常规稻和杂交稻精密播种育秧的技术要求。     

施水播种条件下灌溉水入渗模型研究

运用土壤动力学原理建立了灌溉水入渗的数学模型，并进行了实际灌水的试验验证，试验结果表明所建模型的模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好。应用模型模拟分析发现：适量增加沟宽或回土量可以减小入渗时间，缩短播种机排水口至排种口距离。     

水稻直播机船底板下流体的数值模拟

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS中的计算流体动力学模块(FLOTRANCFD),对船底板下的流体进行模拟和分析,讨论在考虑形状损失和摩擦损失时,船底板下流体的流线和流动情况。通过对流体的仿真得出:船底板横挡板的前倾角对船底板下流体的流线和流量有较大的影响,并得出在倾角30o和60o时有较好的流动情况。     

The feasibility of using variable rate water application under a central pivot irrigation system

The purpose of this paper was to assess the feasibility and significance of applying spatially variable irrigation under a central pivot system at the Federal German Agricultural Research Center, Braunschweig, Germany. The assessment was based on soil moisture holding capacity, soil depth variation and root development. Soil texture analysis was carried out by sampling on a 60 meter grid. The German Agro-Meteorological Model was applied to simulate the water balance in the crop-soil-atmosphere system for the growing season 2003/4. The research findings are presented in terms of six scenarios: 20, 30, 40 mm water application depths per irrigation under both variable rate application and uniform application. The comparison revealed that the loss of water was higher for the uniform application scenarios than that for the variable rate application (VRA) scenarios for the applications of 20 and 30 mm. The VRA scenario of 20 mm water application was found out to be the best option for water conservation.     

A model of decision-making and information flows for information-intensive agriculture

This paper describes the development of a systems based model to characterise farmers’ decision-making process in information-intensive practices, and its evaluation in the context of Precision Agriculture (PA). A participative methodology was developed in which farm managers decomposed their process of decision-making into brief decision statements along with associated information requirements. The methodology was first developed on a university research farm in Denmark and further revised during testing on a number of research and commercial farms in Indiana, USA. Twenty-one decision-analysis factors were identified to characterise a farm manager’s decision-making process. Then, a general data flow diagram (DFD) was constructed that describes the information flows “from data to decision”. Illustrative examples of the model in the form of DFDs are presented for a strategic, a tactical and an operational decision. The model was validated for a range of decisions related to operations by three university farm managers and by five commercial farmers practicing PA for cereal, corn and soybean production in Denmark and in Indiana, USA.     

磁吸式精密排种原理分析与试验

针对蔬菜、花卉种子体积小、质量小及形状不规则的特点 ,提出了一种新的排种方式——磁吸式精密排种。应用有关磁选理论 ,建立了磁吸式精密排种的力学模型 ,得出了单粒磁粉包衣种子在气隙磁场中所受磁力的计算公式 ,分析了实现精密排种的基本条件。通过对白菜、番茄种子的排种试验 ,其单粒精播率达 90 % ,漏播率低于5 % ,说明这一排种方式具有较高的播种精度和对不同类型种子良好的适应性。     

液力变矩器性能测试系统及提高测试精度研究

建立了一套基于工业PC微机的变矩器试验数据自动采集与处理系统，论述了硬件组成结构、数据采集、传输方式及数据处理软件的功能，并对提高测试系统精度的方法进行了研究。某一新开发的液力变矩器试验结果表明，该系统运行方便、快捷，测试计算结果准确、可靠。本研究可为提高一般国产试验设备的测试能力及测试精度提供一些借鉴。     

光电控制穴盘精密播种装置的研究

根据水稻工厂化育秧农艺的要求，设计了穴盘精密播种装置，该装置以PIC16C57为核心，采用光电一体化技术来控制电磁振动排种器，使其每次只排出一粒种子，提高了播种精度，降低了漏播率。试验表明，该播种装置的单粒率达98%以上，重播率小于2%，漏播率为零。