施钾对青引1号燕麦产量和产量性状的影响

对青引1号燕麦(Avena sativa cv.Qingyin No.1)采用不同施钾处理,探讨不同施钾对其种子产量和产量性状的影响,并对产量性状和产量间的关系进行研究,找出最佳的施钾量,为青海省燕麦种子生产提供了理论依据。结果表明:钾肥能显著提高青引1号燕麦各产量性状的增加。在施N54.75kg/hm2和施P2O551.75kg/hm2的基础上,当施K2O分别为10～20 kg/hm2、20～30kg/hm2、50kg/hm2、30～40kg/hm2、30kg/hm2和60kg/hm2时,青引1号燕麦小花数、单序籽粒数、单序籽粒重、粒长、粒宽、千粒重达到最大,分别为2.7个、86.7个、2.56 g、1.604 cm、0.318cm和33.50 g。青引1号燕麦在施K2O40kg/hm2时,种子产量及蛋白产量达到最高,分别为6425.3kg/hm2和864.9kg/hm2,其种子产量与施K量间可用ys=5164.65+49.94 K-0.52 K2预计,蛋白产量与施K量间可用yp=618.29+7.00 K-0.050 K2预计。青引1号燕麦种子产量与各产量性状间的数量关系可用ys=-19268.1-519.2 Fs+780.6 Ns-219.1 Li-2035.1 Swi+665.5Lg+19047.6 Wg表示。小穗数、粒长、粒宽对种子产量的增加直接效应最大。     

无机磷溶解菌的分离筛选及其对扁穗雀麦生长的影响

对扁穗雀麦根际溶磷微生物进行分离筛选,测定其溶磷、分泌IAA能力及对扁穗雀麦的促生效果。结果表明,不同菌株对不同无机磷底物具有选择性,以磷酸钙为磷源时,筛选的溶磷菌株都有溶磷活性,其中Br17的溶磷活性最高;以磷酸铝为磷源时,只有Br1、Br7与Br8具有溶磷活性,其中Br7溶磷活性最高。IAA测定结果显示Br4、Br8、Br17与Br24具有较强IAA分泌能力,添加生长素前体物质色氨酸时菌株分泌IAA能力增强。对培养基pH分析发现,筛选的8株溶磷菌株都为产酸型微生物。将纯化后的溶磷菌接种到扁穗雀麦无菌苗,对根长、根数、株高以及生物产量等性状考察发现接种Br8、Br13、Br17与Br24菌株对扁穗雀麦的根系影响较大,主要表现为主根变短,根数变多。接种Br7、Br8、Br13与Br24菌株促进扁穗雀麦株高增高、产量增加。综合分析,Br24在贵州地区的应用潜力最大。     

表皮生长因子调控猪肠上皮细胞中钠依赖Ⅱb型磷转运蛋白表达的细胞信号通路研究

本研究旨在探讨表皮生长因子(EGF)调控猪小肠上皮细胞IPEC-J2中钠依赖Ⅱb型磷转运蛋白(NaPi-Ⅱb)表达的分子机制。试验分别用EGF受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrphostin AG1478)、蛋白激酶A(PKA)抑制剂(H89)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)抑制剂(k4393)、p38抑制剂(SB203580)、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)抑制剂(PD98059)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)抑制剂(anisomycin)与EGF共同处理IPEC-J2细胞,利用Western blot检测相关通路蛋白及目的蛋白(NaPi-Ⅱb)的表达水平。结果显示:相较于对照组,EGF处理后NaPi-Ⅱb表达水平显著降低(P0.05);相较于无抑制剂组,EGF受体、PKA、PKC、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)/p38、MAPK/ERK1/2、MAPK/JNK的特异性抑制剂处理IPEC-J2后,NaPi-Ⅱb表达水平显著提高(P0.05),其中添加MAPK/ERK1/2特异性抑制剂显著降低了MAPK/ERK1/2在Tyr204位点的磷酸化水平(P0.05),添加MAPK/JNK的特异性抑制剂显著降低了MAPK/JNK1/2/3在Thr183和Tyr185位点的磷酸化水平(P0.05),说明该2组抑制剂对该通路的抑制作用是通过降低上述位点的磷酸化水平实现的。本研究结果表明EGF受体、PKA、PKC、p38、ERK和JNK均介导了EGF调控IPEC-J2细胞中NaPi-Ⅱb的表达。     

基施黄腐酸钾对大棚杨梅营养生长及果实品质的影响

为研究黄腐酸钾作为一种腐植酸类肥料对大棚杨梅营养生长及果实品质的影响,以18生盛果期大棚东魁杨梅树为材料。设秋季基肥施用矿物源黄腐酸钾200 g/株处理和清水对照（CK）。结果表明:基施黄腐酸钾处理与CK相比,春梢梢长、梢粗、叶长、叶宽、叶厚和叶绿素SPAD值分别增加36.16%、-1.23%、13.09%、-0.41%、26.23%和0.77%,梢长、叶长、叶厚的差异显著;大棚杨梅的单果重、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、维生素C含量、总黄酮含量和花青素含量分别增加6.03%、3.69%、5.74% 、5.32%、1.15%和6.26% ,总酸含量降低9.42%,除总黄酮含量外均为差异显著,口感和外观得到显著改善。基施黄腐酸钾能有效促进杨梅营养生长,明显改善杨梅果实品质,在生产中具有良好的推广应用价值。     

Transformation of Phosphorus in Forest and Savannah Agro-Ecological Alfisols incubated with Different Phosphorus Fertilizers,in Ekiti state,Southwestern Nigeria

Experiments on incubation with phosphorus (P) changes in two Nigerian Alfisols, were evaluated on the effectiveness of P sources (ground phosphate rock, GRP-9% P, Pace-setter Organo-Mineral Fertilizer (PR-fortified P-S-OM, 11% P and single superphosphate, SSP-7.7% P, for reference). All samples were adjusted to water tension measured at M Ψ w = 0.03 MPa. Changes in applied P were evaluated at 2, 6, 12 and 24 weeks after which data were analyzed using analysis of variance and correlations. Over 24 weeks of incubation, SSP transformed mostly into iron (Fe)-bound P and GPR produced the highest inorganic phosphate ions and transformed largely into the soluble and more chemically stable residual P, in both soils. This fraction, had high and positive correlations (r = 0.69, p < 0.05) with soil properties and constituted a major source and sinks of plant available P. Thus, GPR contributing beneficial effects of residual phosphates.     

田间施用硝化抑制剂DMPP对小青菜贮藏过程中硝酸盐与Vc含量的影响

采用田间施药方法,研究了施用硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(3,4-dimethylpyrazolephosphate,DMPP)对冰箱贮藏条件下小青菜可食部分硝酸盐、维生素C(Vc)含量变化的影响。结果表明,在贮藏过程中,施与不施DMPP2种处理小青菜硝酸盐含量呈现先降低后略有升高的趋势,Vc含量呈降低的趋势;DMPP在贮藏前期能够有效地降低硝酸盐含量,延缓Vc含量的降低。贮藏2d后,DMPP处理小青菜硝酸盐、Vc含量分别降低了74.4和9mg·kg-1,而对照处理分别降低了54.4和50mg·kg-1,处理间硝酸盐、Vc降幅差异均达5%显著水平。贮藏2～4d中,DMPP处理硝酸盐、Vc含量分别降低了20.1和91mg·kg-1,而对照处理分别降低了144.7和84mg·kg-1,处理间硝酸盐含量降幅差异达5%显著水平。贮藏4～6d中,对照处理硝酸盐含量升高了60.6mg·kg-1,DMPP处理升高了76.2mg·kg-1,Vc含量分别降低23和117mg·kg-1,且处理间降幅差异达5%显著水平。蔬菜贮藏时间不要过长,以不超过4d为宜。     

DMPP mitigates N2O and NO productions by inhibiting ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in an intensified vegetable field under different temperature and moisture regimes

Vegetable soils with high nitrogen input are major sources of nitrous oxide (N₂O) and nitric oxide (NO), and incorporation of the nitrification inhibitor 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) into soils has been documented to effectively reduce emissions. However, the efficiency of DMPP in terms of soil N₂O and NO mitigations varies greatly depending on soil temperature and moisture levels. Thus, further evaluations of DMPP efficiency in diverse environments are required to encourage widespread application. A laboratory incubation study (28 d) was established to investigate the interactive effects of DMPP, temperature (15, 25, and 35 ℃), and soil moisture (55% and 80% of water-holding capacity (WHC)) on net nitrification rate, N₂O and NO productions, and gene abundances of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in an intensive vegetable soil. Results showed that incubating soil with 1% DMPP led to partial inhibition of the net nitrification rate and N₂O and NO productions, and the reduction percentage of N₂O production was higher than that of NO production (69.3% vs. 38.2%) regardless of temperature and soil moisture conditions. The increased temperatures promoted the net nitrification rate but decreased soil N₂O and NO productions. Soil moisture influenced NO production more than N₂O production, decreasing with the increased moisture level (80%). The inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N₂O and NO productions decreased with increased temperatures at 55% WHC. Conversely, the inhibitory effect of DMPP on cumulative N₂O production increased with increased temperatures at 80% WHC. Based on the correlation analyses and automatic linear modeling, the mitigation of both N₂O and NO productions from the soil induced by DMPP was attributed to the decreases in ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) amoA gene abundance and NO^-₂-N concentration. Overall, our study indicated that DMPP reduced both N₂O and NO productions by regulating the associated AOB amoA gene abundance and NO^-₂-N concentration. These findings improve our insights regarding the implications of DMPP for N₂O and NO mitigations in vegetable soils under various climate scenarios.     

乐都山羊红细胞钾型的研究

采用火焰光度法对７５只乐都山羊的红细胞钾型进行了调查研究。结果发现：①按红细胞钾浓度，乐都山羊有高钾和低钾两种表型，以高钾为优势表型（８８％）；②高钾型山羊的红细胞钾浓度在４３．５９￣８１．３０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间，低钾型的在９．３７￣２１．２１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ之间；③Ｋ＾ｈ和Ｋ＾Ｌ等位基因频率分别为０．９３８７和０．０６１９，基因杂合度为０．１１６１。     

沙漠颗粒物对磷酸盐的吸附行为研究

研究了乌兰布和沙漠和库布齐沙漠颗粒物中的磷含量及其在黄河水体中对磷酸盐（P）的等温吸附行为。结果表明：（1）不同沙漠颗粒物中无机磷（IP）、有机磷（OP）和总磷（TP）含量有所差别,其平均值分别为257.70μg/g、42.65μg/g和312.39μg/g;（2）沙漠颗粒物对磷的吸附行为既受温度影响,也随颗粒物的种类...     

蔬菜钾素营养的研究现状与展望

概述了目前国内外钾素在蔬菜作物栽培上的研究概况,从钾的植物生理学研究、钾对蔬菜作物产量、品质、抗逆性以及氮钾元素相互作用等方面作了比较详细的总结。钾几乎影响植物体内所有的代谢过程,包括光合作用、同化产物运转和分配、能量代谢、水分代谢、氮素代谢等许多方面。由于钾素影响了植株的代谢过程,从而对作物生长和产量形成具有积极作用,同时钾作为品质元素,可以提高果实的品质,但也有相反的报道。在总结前人研究的基础上对今后蔬菜钾素营养的研究提出了一些建议。随着蔬菜保护地的日益发展,科学地施用钾肥,明确钾及氮钾互作在蔬菜生理上的作用以及根据土壤和植株指标对土壤钾素盈亏进行诊断应是今后研究的主要方向。