基于AHP-FCE模型的土地整理项目后综合效益评价——以武汉市江夏区为例

以湖北省武汉市江夏区某土地整理项目为依托,构建科学合理的评价指标体系,并根据土地整理相关法律法规及行业标准,确定各指标分等标准,采用多层次模糊综合评价方法对该项目进行土地整理项目后的综合效益进行评价。结果表明,项目区开展土地整理后,过程评价达到了"良好"水平,经济效益评价达到了"优秀"水平,社会效益达到了"良好"水平,生态效益达到了"良好"水平,综合效益达到了"优秀"水平,达到了过程效益、经济效益、社会效益、生态效益的协调统一,符合土地整理的预期目标。     

振荡授粉在春番茄坐果及产量品质上的效果

[目的]探讨振荡授粉对春番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)坐果、产量和品质的影响,以寻找一种番茄无激素授粉的新方法。[方法]以春番茄为材料,对比振荡授粉、施用番茄灵和自然授粉对其坐果率、坐果速度、番茄果实膨大速度、产量和品质的影响。[结果]与自然授粉相比,振荡授粉与施用番茄灵增加了番茄的坐果率,促进了果实发育。第1穗花坐果率施用番茄灵较好,在第2、3穗花上振荡授粉较好。振荡授粉在坐果整齐度、果实膨大速度及早期产量等方面不如施用番茄灵。振荡授粉的番茄可溶性糖含量稍差于自然授粉,但番茄红素含量显著升高。[结论]振荡授粉可以代替番茄灵促进番茄坐果,实现无激素番茄生产。     

公路改建工程对动物的影响及评估——以海南高速公路(G98)白莲立交至白马井立交改建项目研究为例

以海南高速公路(G98)白莲立交至白马井立交段改建工程动物影响后评估为例,探讨了公路改建工程动物影响后评估的方法。结果表明,评价区总体上环境组成相对简单,在水田湿地、旱地和部分灌草丛生境中分布有19种国家级或海南省级重点保护动物,由于原公路工程规划上存在异质性生境附近缺乏有效的防护和隔离措施、缺乏为动物通行的涵洞通道等缺陷,对野生动物的影响较大。在对原公路进行改建过程中,应按照"以新带老"原则,通过适当增加建设防护网、涵洞通道等措施,防止动物在穿越高速公路时产生的碾压、撞死事件或大大降低事件发生的频率。     

Background pollination in Pinus sylvestris seed orchards

The proportion of background pollen grains in the seed crops of two Pinus sylvestris seed orchards in Central Finland was estimated with the aid of multilocus allozyme markers. The orchards studied were more than 30 years old and in full pollen production. For the bulked seed crops of the seed orchard with southern clones the estimated average of background pollination over four years was 26%. There were statistically significant differences between years. No significant heterogeneity in the degree of background pollination between clones was found. Among single ramets there was significant heterogeneity in the estimated contamination rates, but the variation was not related to position in the orchard. For the seed orchard with northern clones the bulked seed crop was studied only for one year and the level of background pollination was found to be 33 %. These estimates are fairly high, but lower than for many other orchards. Background pollination at this level will cause losses in expected genetic gains. Part of the seeds from northern orchards will not be adapted to the intended area of use.     

麻竹开花生物学特性观察及控制授粉的初步研究

竹类植物开花生物学特性和控制授粉技术的研究是开展竹类有性遗传改良的必要前提.该文以设在福建省南靖县国营苗圃的29丛90根麻竹开花亲本为研究对象,采用野外实地观测的方法,观测了其开花预兆、开花周期及持续时间、开花季节和初花时间、花枝类型及结构、小穗形态及结构、花器构造和发育特性及竹花开放顺序等开花生物学特性,研究了麻竹控制授粉时不同气候条件和花枝位置对结实率的影响.研究结果初步表明,控制授粉时气候及花枝位置对结实率的影响不显著,及时利用竹子田间自然开花并适时地进行人工授粉是可行的.      

Unusual External Adaptations in the Rock Hyrax

Activity in two unrelated genera of mole-rats, Tachyoryetes and Heliophobius, was studied in the field by recording the movements of animals tagged with radioactive wire. Tachyoryetes shows a single marked activity peak and only leaves its nest between 10.00 and 19.00 hour. Heliophobius shows a more dispersed and prolonged activity pattern although peak activity occurs over approximately the same period as in Tachyoryetes. Heliophobius spends over 50 of the day out of its nest, Tachyoryetes, under 25%.

These differences can be attributed to a different function of the nest in the two genera (Tachyoryetes has a multipurpose nest; Heliophobius uses its nest solely for rest), and also to the fact that Tachyoryetes has light-sensitive eyes whereas Heliophobius appears unable to appreciate light; Tachyoryetes periodically comes to the surface to forage and this exposure to light may trigger the 24-hour activity cycle.     

农用地利用集约度与昆虫传粉 服务之间的关系研究

【目的】研究农用地利用集约度与昆虫传粉服务之间的定量关系,为农用地集约利用提供有价值的决策依据。【方法】以广东省市域农用地为研究对象,选取4种不同传粉依赖度的典型农作物,基于长时间序列(2000—2015年)统计数据,利用回归分析方法分析各自集约度水平与其产量之间的关系,进而探索农用地集约水平与传粉服务的定量关系。【结果】(1)就作物产量而言,当作物的传粉依赖度越大时,随着集约度的提升作物产量呈下降趋势越明显;而当作物的传粉依赖度较小时,随着集约度的提升作物产量呈上升趋势。(2)就作物产量变异性而言,当作物的传粉依赖度越大时,随着集约度的提升,其产量变异性系数变大,即产量越不稳定。【结论】农用地集约利用水平的提升,并不一定带来作物产量的提升和产量的稳定性,而明显受限制于作物的传粉依赖度。     

一种基于花授粉算法的WRF风速集合预报新模型

基于不同水平分辨率和边界层参数化方案的集合预报思路,应用花授粉算法与不限制负值的约束理论(FPA-NNCT)进行权重平均,提出一种新的风速集合预报模型(FPA-NNCT-WRF-E).利用山东省代表山地和海滨下垫面的2个风电场风速实测数据,将新模型与传统算术集合模型(M-WRF-E)以及FPA模型(FPA-WRF-E)的风速预报结果进行对比评估.结果表明:FPA-NNCT-WRF-E预报明显优于M-WRF-E和FPA-WRF-E的风速预报,与M-WRF-E相比, FPA-WRF-E将风速平均绝对误差(MAE)减小了20%以上,而新模型FPA-NNCT-WRF-E将MAE减小了38%以上.预报的准确性得到了提高.     

Repellency of insecticides and the effect of thiacloprid on bumble bee colony development in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed crops

The study intended to compare repellency of three insecticides on bumble bees and honey bees in Norwegian red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) seed crops, and to examine effects of thiacloprid on bumble bee colony development in the field. The repellency study was carried out in a large-scale field trial in SE Norway in 2013. On average for observations during the first week after spraying, 17 and 40% less honey bees (P?=?.03) and 26 and 20% less bumble bees (P?=?.36) were observed on plots sprayed with the pyrethroids lambda-cyhalothrin and alpha-cypermethrin, respectively, than on unsprayed control plots. No pollinator repellency was found on plots sprayed with the neonicotinoid thiacloprid. Compared with unsprayed control the seed yield increases were 22% on plots sprayed with thiacloprid vs. 12–13% on plots sprayed with pyrethroids (P?=?.10). Follow-up studies in 2014–2016 focused on the effect of thiacloprid on bumble bee colony development in commercially reared nests of Bombus terrestris placed into red clover seed crops at the start of flowering. Unsprayed control crops were compared with crops sprayed either at the bud stage or when 18–44% of flower heads were in full bloom. Chemical analyses of adult bumble bees showed that thiacloprid was taken up in bees when crops were sprayed during flowering, but not detected when crops were sprayed at the bud stage. The bumble bees in late-sprayed crops also developed weaker colonies than in unsprayed crops. Dead bees with a high internal concentration of thiacloprid were found in one crop sprayed during the night at 35% flowering. This shows that thiacloprid is not bee-safe if sprayed after anthesis and that spraying has to be conducted at the bud stage to reduce its contamination of nectar and pollen.     

政治关联与会计信息质量——基于我国民营上市公司的实证研究

采用2007～2011年持续经营的民营上市公司为样本，对不同政治关联方式与会计信息质量的关系进行实证研究，结果表明,不同政治关联方式对会计信息质量的影响程度不一致：政府官员类政治关联的负影响最大，代表委员类则是正相关关系，其他背景类则影响不大；在后金融危机时代，政治关联对会计信息质量的这种负面影响更为显著。