不同花粉对苹果果实中抗坏血酸相关酶活性的影响

采用自育高效授粉树的花粉,在富士、金帅、嘎啦苹果铃铛花期时进行授粉,自授粉后20天的幼果开始间隔20天连续采样,对果实抗坏血酸(AsA)代谢中关键酶抗坏血酸氧化酶(AAO)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR)、L －半乳糖－1,4－内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH)、L －半乳糖脱氢酶( GalDH),以及 AsA含量进行测定。结果表明：苹果果实 AsA 的迅速积累期主要为授粉后40～60天期间,用高效授粉树花粉授粉的果实,在整个生长发育过程中,L －半乳糖内酯脱氢酶的活性均比对照果实有明显的提高,对于 L－半乳糖脱氢酶,虽然该酶在授粉果实内活性较对照果实有所提高,但其在整个生长发育时期活性比较低;对于处理果实,其还原酶 MDHAR和 DHAR的活性提高,而氧化酶 AAO和 APX的活性却较对照果实降低,但总体活性水平差异不显著。AAO,APX,MDHAR,DHAR 4个酶均在果实发育初期存在较高的活性,以后逐渐降低并维持在稳定的水平,后期活性不高。这表明经高效授粉树授粉处理的果实主要是通过提高果实内 AsA 合成酶的活性来提高果实内 AsA的含量。     

不同授粉方式对丝瓜产量及品质的影响

为了筛选适合海南冬季丝瓜的授粉方式,以泰国丝瓜为试验对象,研究了不同授粉方式对丝瓜座果率 果实性状产量及品质的影响,结果表明院与其他授粉方式相比氯吡脲授粉能极显著提高丝瓜座果率可达97%并 能极显著提高丝瓜产量,比对照高31.7%且对丝瓜品质无影响。     

低温发酵乳品质特性研究

以青藏高原传统发酵牦牛乳中分离的保加利亚乳杆菌（编号为CGMCC2603）和酸乳球菌（编号为CGMCC1.3920）为研究对象,研究菌株低温发酵酸乳的感官特性、后酸化能力、粘度及双乙酰含量变化。结果表明试验菌株在25℃发酵的酸乳凝乳状态较好,冷藏14d后酸度分别提高29．2°T和8．5°T,后酸化较弱。冷藏期间粘度变化与发酵温度没有直接关系。低温有利于双乙酰的积累,双乙酰含量最高分别为12．04ug／mL和9．78ug／mL。本研究时开发低温发酵剂具有重要意义。     

澳洲坚果人工去雄技术的比较研究

为获得一种操作简单易行的澳洲坚果人工去雄方法,以澳洲坚果品种‘Renown’为母本,选择3种不同物候的小花,采用切管连被去雄法和针撕去雄法,对2种去雄方法所需时间、柱头受伤率、授粉后20天的坐果率进行比较分析。结果表明,切管连被去雄法比针撕去雄法效果好,对花被管裂开第1天的小花,前者去雄所需时间为10.0 min,柱头受伤率为11.1%,授粉后20天的坐果率为74.1%;而针撕去雄法所需时间为36.0 min,柱头受伤率为36.3%,授粉后20天的坐果率为27.8%。切管连被去雄法最佳的操作方法为选择花被管裂开第1天的小花,切开花被管基部后0.5 h去雄,去雄后48 h授粉,此方法操作简单省时,同时避免了伪杂种的产生,提高了杂交种的纯度,可显著提高澳洲坚果杂交育种效率。     

大白菜自交不亲和系授粉受精过程的研究

通过研究大白菜自交不亲和系异交和自交的授粉受精过程,比较不同蕾期授粉的自交亲和指数,明确了白菜授粉受精过程的时间历程,为提高自交的结实率提供了一个最佳蕾期授粉时间。     

Influence of self-pollination in fruit quality of autogamous almonds

Due to the several advantages expected from growing self-compatible almond cultivars, breeding programmes have recently introduced self-compatibility as an important trait. However, doubts have arisen regarding the capability of the newly obtained self-compatible almonds to produce good yields in monovarietal plantations, and the commercial quality of the fruits from self-pollination. For this reason, in the last years several studies have been conducted to evaluate fruit set and fruit traits following self- and cross-pollination of self-compatible almonds. Their results showed inconsistencies for fruit set and for some of the fruit traits studied. Thus, while some studies showed no differences between both pollination types for any of the fruit traits, others clearly showed important differences with the detriment of self-pollination for commercially important fruit traits. The fact that some of these studies evaluated a low number of individuals and/or fruit traits, implies the need of a more complete study. In this work, 10 fruit traits were studied in 26 self-compatible almonds following self-pollination by bagging and open pollination treatments. In general, and despite a few individuals showed differences between both pollination types for two of the traits, the results showed no influence of self-pollination in fruit quality.     

玫红百合为亲本育成百合种间杂种

玫红百合(Lilium amoenum Wilson ex Sealy)是起源于中国的珍稀百合。本试验以王百合和麝香百合为母本与玫红百合进行了种间杂交。以花柱内授粉和幼胚离体培养法得到了王百合×玫红百合杂种F_1和麝香百合×玫红百合杂种F_1。通过染色体组型分析确认了杂种的真实性。杂种王百合×玫红百合杂种F_1花朵为粉红色、株矮,可供盆栽,花粉不育。麝香百合×玫红百合杂种F_1花色淡粉红,诱导成多倍体后花粉可育,可作为进一步杂交的亲本。     

Risk assessment of outcrossing of transgenic rapessed to related species:

Summary The risk for a gene dispersal is reported for reciprocal crosses between a transgenic rapeseed variety resistant to the herbicide phosphinotricin and five related species. The first stages after pollination were cytologically observed and fertilized ovaries were established in in vitro culture for the production of interspecific hybrids. A similar classification was observed for the index of pollination compatibility and embryo yield. From the 243 embryos produced, 109 plantlets were obtained in a greenhouse. All the interspecific combinations tested were able to produce hybrid plants. A higher number of hybrids was obtained when rapeseed was used as the female parent. The hybrids had the expected triploid structure except for two amphidiploid, B. napus × B. oleracea, and one amphidiploid, B. napus × S. arvensis, plants with 56 chromosomes. The triploid hybrids were sterile or partially fertile but two of the amphidiploid plants, B. napus × B. oleracea, were fully fertile. The cytoplasm source did not seem to affect the fertility of the hybrids.     

The reproductive biology of three perennial Sesbania species (Leguminosae)

Summary The reproductive biology of Sesbania sesban, S. goetzei and S. keniensis (Leguminosae; Papilionoideae) was studied. Fifty percent flowering was observed at 102 to 153 days after germination for S. sesban accessions; 96 to 146 days for S. goetzei and 131 to 176 days for S. keniensis accessions. Flowers opened in the afternoon and remained fresh for 2–3 days. Bee species including Xylocopa sp., Apis mellifera, Megachile bituberculata and Chalicodoma sp. visited the flowers. Hand pollination experiments showed that all three species were self and cross compatible. The percentage of fully developed seeds was greater in pods formed after cross pollination compared to self pollination. No evidence was found for stigmatic or stylar self incompatibility. Outcrossing is probably the common method of reproduction under natural conditions, although in isolated trees substantial seed set by selfing might occur. Pod production under natural conditions was 34% for S. sesban; 49% for S. goetzei and 39% for S. keniensis. Considerable variation was found in pod production under open pollination between accessions of the same species. Selective abortion was observed within pods, with more mature seeds formed at the distal end of the pod.     

Selection of vigorous and fertile S-homo- and heterozygous tester clones from self-incompatible diploid potato, Solanum tuberosum L.

For the selection of diploid (2n = 2x = 24) potato (Solanum tuberosum) genotypes that are useful for the molecular and genetic analysis of the phenomenon of gametophytic self-incompatibility, three different types of basic populations were investigated. These populations were derived from three primary dihaploid clones, G609, G254 and B16, which possessed the S-allele combinations S1S2, S1S3 and S3S4 respectively. In order to select highly vigorous, profusely flowering, fertile and tuberising progenies, three types of populations, derived from the above mentioned diploid genotypes, were screened for performance and classified for the expression of self-incompatibility. Although the selection for well defined S-genotypes was sometimes complicated due to the occurrence of pseudo-compatibility and of a self-compatibilising factor, the use of a combination of criteria, viz., Iso Electric Focusing (IEF), pollen tube growth in the styles and the extent of berry and seed set made the selection of sufficient representatives of all six types of S-heterozygotes (S1S2, S1S3, S1S4, S2S3, S2S4 and S3S4) possible. After evaluating the strength of the self-incompatibility reaction in these heterozygotes, those with high expression were selfed, and intercrossed within their S-allele incompatibility group through the method of counterfeit pollination. In these progenies, well-performing S-homozygotes (S1S1; S2S2; S3S3; S4S4) for all four S-alleles with high expression of self-incompatibility were selected. As a result, all possible S-homo- and heterozygous genotypes with a predictable type of self-incompatibility are available and maintained both vegetatively and as botanical seed. The development of this material has paved the way for more critical analysis of molecular factors involved in self-incompatibility in diploid potato. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.