小麦麸皮多糖提取工艺研究

用小麦麸皮为原料,以水为提取溶剂制备水溶多糖。对影响提取麸皮多糖的工艺参数如浸提温度、浸提时间、料水比等进行单因素试验,并在此基础上设计正交试验,得出提取麸皮多糖最佳工艺条件:浸提温度100℃、料水比1∶25、浸提时间4 h。     

The effect of microorganisms,salinity and turbidity on hydraulic conductivity of irrigation channel soil

The introduction of polysaccharide producing benthic algae and bacteria could provide a low cost technique for seepage control in irrigation channels. The ability of algae and bacteria to produce polysaccharides proved to be successful in reducing the hydraulic conductivity of irrigation channel soil. Hydraulic conductivity was reduced to less than 22% of its original value within a month of inoculating soil columns with algae. Chlorophyll and polysaccharide concentrations in irrigation channel soil were measured in order to assess the growth of algae and extent of polysaccharide production, and their correlation with hydraulic conductivity of channel soil. Increases in polysaccharide occurred in the top layer (0–5 mm) of the soil column. The reduction of hydraulic conductivity was highly correlated with the amount of polysaccharides produced (r ² = 0.92). Hydraulic conductivity decreased with increasing algal and bacterial numbers. The first few millimetres of the soil core where microbial activity was concentrated, seemed effective in controlling seepage. Incorporation of extra nitrate and phosphate into algal medium did not increase the production of polysaccharides by algae in channel soil. The effect of salinity and turbidity of irrigation channel water on channel seepage was studied by measuring the effects on hydraulic conductivity of channel soils. When the electrical conductivity (EC) of the water increased above a threshold value, the hydraulic conductivity increased because of the flocculating effects on clay particles in channel soils. A relationship between sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and EC of the channel water was established which indicated 15% increase in channel seepage due to increases in salinity. Increasing the turbidity of irrigation water (by increasing the concentration of dispersed clay) resulted in lowering the hydraulic conductivity of the channel soil due to the sealing of soil pores by dispersed clay particles. When the turbidity of the water was 10 g clay l^–1, the hydraulic conductivity was reduced by 100%. An increase in clay concentration above 1 g l^–1 resulted in significant reduction in hydraulic conductivity. Soil bowl experiments indicated that clay sealing with a coating of hydrophobic polymer on the surface could also effectively prevent seepage of saline water.     

响应面法优化提取益母草多糖工艺

[目的]优化益母草多糖的最佳提取工艺条件。[方法]以多糖提取率为评价指标,选定超声提取温度、提取时间及固液比作为主要考察因素进行单因素试验,再通过3因素3水平Box-Behnken设计试验,建立益母草多糖提取率的二次多项回归方程,计算得到优化条件。[结果]益母草多糖优化提取条件为提取温度35.5℃、提取时间20.5 min、固液比1∶24(m/v,g/ml),益母草多糖的提取率为(7.10±0.13)%。[结论]此方法具有快捷、高效等优点,为益母草多糖的综合开发应用奠定理论基础。     

富含猕猴桃果水溶多糖营养型保健果冻的研制

以猕猴桃汁、赤砂糖为主要原料,运用正交试验设计对猕猴桃果冻的加工工艺进行研究.研究结果表明,20%猕猴桃汁、15%糖(赤砂糖:白砂糖质量比=2:1)、0.2%柠檬酸、6%凝胶剂(明胶:琼脂质量比=5:1)的工艺参数,可研制出色泽均匀、组织状态良好、口感细腻、酸甜适宜、香气协调的营养保健型果冻.     

八种食用菌多糖成分测定及其对淋巴细胞的转化作用

 测定表明,香菇、金针茹、猴头菇、毛木耳、黑木耳、平菇、凤尾菇等菌类的多糖主要由葡萄糖组成，其含量分别变化在70%～94%之间，并且均以墨角藻糖最低，仅1%～2%。各菌类中除猴头菇不含甘露糖，毛木耳不含半乳糖外，其余尚含一定数量的半乳糖和甘露糖。金耳的多糖组成特殊，其多糖组成以甘露糖为主，数量变化顺序是：甘露糖（73%）>葡萄糖(15%)>半乳糖(11%)>墨角藻糖(1%)。本试验中，8种食用菌多糖均较对照（不加多糖）能提高淋巴细胞转化功能，其转化值大小顺序是：猴头菇多糖>黑木耳多糖>金针菇多糖>平菇多糖>凤尾菇多糖>金耳、香菇多糖>毛木耳多糖>对照。其中黑木耳、猴头菇、金针菇中的任一种多糖与5μg/ml浓度的伴刀豆球蛋白A相配合，则较单纯使用脂多糖或伴刀豆球蛋白A更能促进淋巴细胞的有丝分裂，增加它的转化值；反之，毛木耳多糖若与伴刀豆球蛋白A或脂多糖配合使用，则可抑制淋巴细胞的转化功能，其原因尚待进一步研究。     

鸡腿菇多糖发酵条件优化研究

研究鸡腿菇多糖发酵中碳源、氮源、pH、时间、温度对多糖积累的影响,结果表明:对发酵影响顺序为碳源＞氮源＞pH＞时间.通过正交优化试验确定了鸡腿菇多糖最佳发酵条件为玉米粉3%、蛋白胨0.3%、pH值6.0、温度22～24℃、时间5 d.     

鸢尾多糖提取工艺的研究

对鸢尾多糖的提取工艺进行了研究。采取单因素试验和L(934)正交试验研究了料液比、提取时间、提取温度、乙醇浓度对鸢尾多糖提取效果的影响。结果表明,影响多糖得率的因素依次为:乙醇浓度,料液比,提取时间,提取温度;鸢尾多糖最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1:20,提取时间3h,提取温度90℃,95%乙醇沉淀。在此工艺条件下鸢尾多糖的得率为4.95%。     

紫苏叶提取物活性成分测定分析

[目的]研究紫苏叶活性成分含量.[方法]采用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠比色法测定紫苏叶提取物粉总黄酮含量;采用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定紫苏叶提取物粉多糖含量.[结果]紫苏叶提取物粉总黄酮含量为32.51％,多糖含量为9.43％.[结论]紫苏叶含多种活性物质,且紫苏叶中总黄酮含量和多糖含量都较高,这为进一步研究紫苏叶中其他活性物质奠定基础,也为紫苏叶产品进一步开发提供科学依据.     

紫蛇尾多糖的抗氧化和抑菌活性研究

[目的]提取紫蛇尾粗多糖并研究其抗氧化及抑菌活性。[方法]以紫蛇尾为材料,通过脱脂、脱蛋白后得到紫蛇尾多糖,采用Fenton反应和邻苯三酚自氧化法来测定不同浓度的多糖溶液对自由基的清除能力,用滤纸片法测定紫蛇尾多糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、啤酒酵母菌和青霉的抑制作用。[结果与结论]紫蛇尾多糖具有较好的抗氧化及抑菌活性。     

丙酮沉淀法提取金花茶多糖的研究

[目的]确定丙酮沉淀法提取花金花茶（Camellia chrysantha（Hu）Tuyama）多糖的最佳工艺条件。[方法]以金花茶为研究对象,以水为溶剂,在一定的条件下提取金花茶多糖,提取液用丙酮进行沉淀,选取沉淀剂用量、沉淀时间和离心时间3个因素做单因素试验,然后以离心时间、丙酮加入量、沉淀时间作为因素,进行正交试验,来确定最佳提取条件。[结果]丙酮沉淀法的最佳工艺条件为：离心时间为15 min,丙酮加入量为20 ml、沉淀时间为12 h,在此条件下的所得粗茶多糖含量量为0.003 7 g。[结论]该研究建立的检测方法简便、快速,具有较强的实用性。