春石斛品种Dendrobium Second Love‘Tokimeki’与金钗石斛多糖免疫活性的比较研究

为比较春石斛栽培品种Dendrobium Second Love‘Tokimeki’与金钗石斛的粗多糖、精多糖(除蛋白多糖)和多糖水洗组分(过层析柱分离的水洗组分)的免疫活性差异,分别对昆明小鼠灌胃上述6种不同纯度的多糖,观察其对小鼠脏体指数、迟发性变态反应、抗体积数和小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分比与吞噬指数等免疫学指标的影响。结果表明:2种石斛的免疫活性随多糖纯度的提高而增强,纯度最高的多糖水洗组分免疫活性最强,且各指标均显著高于对照。D.Second Love‘Tokimeki’和金钗石斛同等纯度的多糖在胸腺指数、脾脏指数、小鼠耳肿胀率及小鼠抗体积数上均无显著差异,而D.Second Love‘Tokimeki’的3种不同纯度多糖的吞噬指数均达到了与金钗石斛多糖水洗组分无显著差异的水平。综合来看,栽培品种D.Second Love‘Tokimeki’的多糖免疫活性与金钗石斛多糖相近,具有良好的药用开发价值。     

苯酚-硫酸法测定人参茎叶多糖的条件研究

[目的]优选苯酚-硫酸法测定人参茎叶多糖含量的因素条件。[方法]采用紫外分光光度法测定人参茎叶多糖的含量,并采用正交试验优选测定的条件。[结果]苯酚-硫酸法测定人参茎叶多糖含量的最佳测定波长为485 nm;苯酚-硫酸法的最佳显色条件为A1B2C1,即:浓度6%苯酚的体积为1.0 ml,浓硫酸的体积为6.0 ml,反应时间为25 min;粗多糖含量在10～70μg/ml之间与吸光度有很好的线性关系,回归方程为Y=0.013 2X-0.085 7,相关系数R为0.999 6;试验方法的回收率为100.36%,RSD为1.26%,显色液在120min内稳定性良好。[结论]该方法准确可靠,为人参茎叶的进一步开发利用提供了依据。     

女贞子水提物中有效成分及多糖含量分析

[目的]分析女贞子水提物中成分并测定多糖含量。[方法]利用煎煮法提取女贞子中的水提物成分,然后通过化学方法对成分进行分析鉴别,并采用苯酚-硫酸测定其水提物中多糖含量。[结果]女贞子水提物中含有水溶性蛋白质、三萜皂苷类、黄酮或其苷类、二氢蒽醌类、挥发油、多元酚类和多糖类等;女贞子多糖含量为10.3 mg/g。[结论]女贞子水提物成分种类较多,且多糖含量较高。     

霍山产3种石斛多糖含量变化规律

[目的]研究霍山产3种石斛多糖含量变化规律。[方法]采用硫酸-苯酚法测定霍山石斛、霍山铁皮石斛和霍山细茎石斛3种霍山产石斛在8个不同生长阶段的多糖含量,并分析了其变化的规律和影响因素。[结果]在组培苗繁育阶段,石斛多糖含量在相对较低的水平上稳步增长,且呈现出霍山铁皮石斛霍山石斛霍山细茎石斛的规律;石斛在栽培2年后多糖含量达到最高,品种间的规律表现为霍山石斛霍山铁皮石斛细茎石斛,其中霍山石斛2年生茎多糖含量高达35.74%,在3种石斛中是最高的。[结论]试验研究了霍山产3种石斛多糖含量变化规律,为石斛的繁育、栽培以及应用提供了依据。     

肉苁蓉多糖提取工艺及抑菌作用研究

[目的]提取肉苁蓉多糖并测定其抑菌作用。[方法]采用热水浸提法提取肉苁蓉多糖,在单因素试验的基础上,通过3因素3水平正交试验优化肉苁蓉多糖提取工艺。[结果]各因素对多糖得率的影响依次为浸提温度〉水料比〉浸提时间。最佳提取工艺为以1：15的料水比在85℃下浸提2h,利用该工艺提取肉苁蓉多糖的平均得率为6．7857mg／g。肉苁蓉多糖溶液对四叠球菌的抑制作用最强,其抑菌圈直径为11．20mm,其次为枯草芽孢杆菌,其抑菌圈直径为10．24mm。肉苁蓉多糖溶液对啤酒酵母的抑制作用较强,其抑菌圈直径为8．16mm,对黑曲霉和米曲霉的抑菌作用不明显。肉苁蓉多糖溶液对大肠杆菌、四叠球菌、枯草杆菌、啤酒酵母和橘青霉的最小抑菌浓度分别为0．437、0．109、0．218、0．437和0．874mg／ml。[结论J该研究为肉苁蓉在更多领域中的合理开发和利用奠定了基础。     

红栓菌多糖对无机硒的生物转化

本论文进行了红栓菌对硒的耐受力及其菌丝体多糖对硒富集作用的研究。结果表明，红栓菌具有较强的富硒能力，在发酵培养基中添加硒浓度达到20μg／mL时，对菌丝体生长的抑制率最小，菌丝体干重和多糖含量达到最大值，分别为4.3mg／mL和29．8mg／g同时进行了红栓菌多糖富硒的发酵务件优化：pH5．5，接种量10％，装液量80mL／500mL三角瓶，28℃，200rpm培养3d，在发酵起始加入硒溶液，菌丝体多糖及多糖中硒含量分别达到27．3mg／g和816．7μg／g，多糖对无机硒的转化率为34．2％。     

猪苓发酵菌丝多糖分离提取工艺研究

以猪苓液体发酵干菌丝体为原料，研究分离提取猪苓多糖的最佳条件和生产工艺。结果证明猪苓多糖的最佳提取条件是：原料粒度为200目，菌粉和水分的比例为1：30。浸提时间为2．5h，乙醇加量比例为1：3倍．pH值为7．0，多糖提取率可达28．80％以上。     

Role of yeast cell wall polysaccharides in pig nutrition and health protection

Polysaccharides are the major components of the yeast cell wall and play multiple functions, ranging from the carriers of immunochemical specificity and marker molecules, by which cells recognize each other and interact with the environment, to the skeletal substances that define stability, shape, and morphology of the cell. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the two major polysaccharides, constituting up to 90% of the cell wall dry weight, are -d-mannan and β-d-glucan, which have remarkable properties to interact with the immune system of the host. Modulation of mucosal immunity by the binding of these two polysaccharides to the specific receptors of immune cells provides beneficial effects on animal health and resistance to diseases. Specific commercial yeast cell wall polysaccharides supplied in feed (Bio-Mos®, Alltech Inc.) are able to block fimbriae of pathogenic bacteria, and thus prevent their adhesion to the mucous epithelium. Since adhesion presents the first step in microbial invasion, blocking of the receptors may prevent or eliminate infection. Yeast cell wall polysaccharides are also able to adsorb mycotoxins, thus decreasing their toxic effect and mediating their removal from the organism. Commercial yeast polysaccharides (MTB100®, Alltech Inc.) have been shown to absorb a wide range of mycotoxins at low inclusion levels. Thus, especially if the ban on antibiotic growth promoters becomes global, use of yeast polysaccharides as natural growth stimulators becomes a very urgent and rewarding issue.     

Polysaccharide extracted from laminaria japonica aresch inhibits platelet activation and protects endothelial cells

AIM: To study the relationship between the effects of polysaccharide L01 extracted from laminaria japonica aresch on platelet activation and endothelial cells. METHODS: A rat model of endothelial injury was established via injecting adrenaline. The percentage of platelet adhesion was evaluated by filtration method, the activation of platelet aggregation was observed on a glass plate with collodion membrane, the content of vWF in rat plasma was measured by ELISA, the damaged degree of aortic vascular endothelial was evaluated by immunity histochemistry. RESULTS: The percentage of platelet adhesion and aggregation in model group were higher than those in NS group from the 3th and 4th day during the model made (P<0.05, P<0.01). The percentage in both L01 high-dose group (50 mg/kg) and low-dose group (10 mg/kg) at the 4th and 5th day was lower than that in model group (P<0.05, P<0.01). The content of vWF in rat plasma in model group was higher than that in NS group and in L01 high-dose group at 4th day (P<0.05). The same results were presented by the comparison among model group and NS group, both L01 high-dose group and low-dose group at the 5th (P<0.05). The measure of intact endodermis lengths (μm) stained by immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the length in model group was shorter than that in NS group (P<0.05), whereas the length in L01 high-dose group and low-dose group was obviously longer than that in model group (P<0.05) at the 4th and 5th day. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of L01 on platelet activation may be related with its protective effect on vascular endothelial cells.     

金耳多糖化学与生物活性研究进展及对研究的思考

金耳多糖作为生物活性成分，诸多的研究表明它在提高机体免疫、降血糖、抗氧化作用等方面具有显著功效。同时由于金耳菌的特殊性，还有许多方面有待深入研究。欲在总结前人研究结果的基础上，针对一些研究结果的差异提出一些问题和看法，以供探讨。