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131.
Production of haploids, followed by chromosome doubling to produce doubled haploids (DH) represents the most rapid means of
achieving complete inbreeding. In order to improve the androgenetic responses and maximize the production of green regenerants
from selected plants of twenty-five triticale (× Triticosecale, Wittmack) populations (BC1F1, TC1F1, and F2) we used a uniform and optimal growth environment for anther donor plants within a greenhouse hydroponic system. Non-orthogonal
analysis of deviance showed highly significant differences (p < 0.001) among populations for both induction and regeneration. The overall induction response of the populations was very
high with a mean of 50.4 embryoids per 100 anthers plated. Among all tested-populations, M86-6068/TW179//EP80 (TC1F1) was the most responsive for both induction and regeneration which could be associated to its Triticum timopheevii cytoplasm. On the other hand, although populations 80465/II83-194 both as BC1F1 and F2 had a high level of induction response, only a few green plants were regenerated. These populations probably possess a partial
Secale montanum genome, which could be contributing to the low regeneration ability. In conclusion, the need for optimization of donor plant
growth conditions to effectively assess the androgenetic ability of individual populations/lines would be emphasized.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
132.
Bolting and flowering of Aster novi-belgii seedlings as well as correlations between characteristics within seedling populations
and between seedlings and their vegetatively propagated offspring were investigated in order to improve breeding efficiency.
In seedlings of A. novi-belgii, flower induction was observed without vernalization. Seedlings initially formed a rosette,
but bolting was a prerequisite for development of a normal flowering shoot. Bolting was promoted by long photoperiods as compared
to short days. The shortest time from sowing to anthesis was recorded when plants were grown under long photoperiods until
the main stem was at least 5 cm long, and then moved to short photoperiods. A large variation in time to anthesis, plant height,
branching ability, and flower size and color was found among the seedlings within all crosses. Magnitude and significance
of correlations between some characteristics varied among crosses. The more consistent correlations seem mainly to be due
to natural courses of plant growth and development. High correlations between seedling characteristics and their vegetatively
propagated offspring were only found for flower hue. Lower, but significant correlations were found for flower color intensity,
plant height and branching ability. There were no significant correlations for the time-to-anthesis between the two groups
of plants.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
133.
Colchicine-induced chromosome doubling in Platanus acerifolia and its effect on plant morphology 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report the production of tetraploid plants of Platanus acerifolia, with the ultimate aim of improving the ornamental qualities of this important urban landscaping tree. Chromosome doubling
was achieved by the application of colchicine to either pre-soaked seed or to the apical meristems of young seedlings. Treatment
of the ungerminated seed was the more efficient method in terms of numbers of tetraploid seedlings (up to 40%, as determined
by chromosome counting of the root-tip nuclei) but this method produced no mature tetraploid plants due to the deleterious
effect of colchicine on subsequent root growth. When colchicine was applied directly to the apical growing tip of cotyledon-stage
seedlings, leaf and stem growth was temporarily affected but the plants eventually recovered. We conducted a preliminary screen
for putative tetraploids based on the observation in other plant species of a correlation of stomatal size and distribution
with ploidy. Plants containing significantly larger stomata and at a lower density across the lower leaf epidermis, were selected
for further analysis by flow cytometry and chromosome counting. These techniques confirmed that, of the 12 putative polyploids,
four were tetraploid, five were mixoploid and three were, in fact, diploid. Morphological differences of the tetraploids included
a more compact growth habit and broader, thicker leaves. These plants are being grown to full maturity in order to test their
potential for use in a breeding programme aimed at producing sterile triploid lines. 相似文献
134.
A fully digitized electric vehicle direct torque control system with DSPTMS320LF2407 controller is described. The system hardware and software structures are presented. The performance of the direct torque control system is studied by simulation with MATLAB. Based on the simulation of the induction motor, waveform of current, speed, torque and flux are obtained. The testing results are also presented. Experimental results show that the design is feasible. 相似文献
135.
用不同基因型的冬小麦品种花药在W142培养基(改进的W14培养基)上获得较高的出愈率,但不曲因型之间仍存在着显著的差异。用Pharmacia公司PhastSystem电泳仪对不同基因型小麦花药及其愈伤组织蛋白质进行等电聚焦电泳和SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,观察到不同基因型花药蛋白质之间存在着差异,并且初步认为这种蛋白质差异与出愈率有相关性。不同基因型花药愈伤组织之间观察不到明显的带型区别,但它 相似文献
136.
Summary Freshly cut leaves of Kohleria eriantha and K. x Longwood were exposed to a wide range of gamma irradiation doses and allowed to root and form adventitious buds. K. Eriantha could not be successfully propagated from leaf half cuttings. Longwood produced a small number of adventitious plantlets as compared to other Gesneriads. Colchicine treatments reduced leaf half survival in Longwood by more than 50%. Leaf halves exposed to low and moderate doses of gamma irradiation showed increased overall plantlet production compared to nonirradiated leaf halves.Of the mutation parameters calculated, the number of mutants per 100 surviving leaf halves appears to be the most useful since it relates the number of mutants within a dose to the number of surviving leaf halves, the number of mutants to the number of plants produced, and the number of mutants within doses to control values.Using the criteria, number of mutants per 100 surviving leaf halves, optimum production of all mutants, of useful and of dwarf mutants was obtained at 2.5 kR for noncolchicine treated leaf halves and 1.5 to 3.0 kR for colchicine treated leaf halves.Of the adventitious plantlets produced, 13.8% were classified as mutant types. Mutant plants were found in radiation dose levels up to 5.5 kR. The array of mutants produced was skewed toward plant habit and flower characteristic mutants with several leaf characteristic, lethal, and polyploid mutants observed. A high frequency of mutants, 10 of 93 plants, occurred in the nonirradiated controls. Four sectorial chimeras were identified from both control and irradiation exposed groups. Several potentially useful flower color and dwarf mutants have been selected for further study. Adventitious buds may have developed from callus at petiole and leaf-vein bases. Colchicine treatments severely inhibited adventitious plantlet production and because of this could not be used as a criterion to identify the origin of adventitious buds. Conclusive determination of the organogenesis of adventitious buds from Longwood leaf halves could not be made. Mutant plantlets formed from adventitious buds on detached leaf halves of Longwood appear to arise from single cells as has been found with other Gesneriads.Scientific Journal Series Article No. 10 330 of the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station. 相似文献
137.
Induced parthenogenesis as a possible method of haploidization in sunflower (H. annuus L.) was tested in previous investigations
(Todorova et al., 1994) and conditions for reproducible regeneration of gynogenic doubled haploids were established by the
present work. Forty eight treatments were studied, involving four pollen donors and four recipient hybrids. Pollen was irradiated
with doses of 300 Gy, 600 Gy and 900 Gy. In total, 2279 embryos were cultivated in vitro of which 1107 plants were obtained
and 582 of them produced seeds after selfing. The ploidy level of the regenerants was evaluated at the two – three leaf stage
and 296 of the plantlets obtained were haploids. Some of them underwent spontaneous diploidization, the others were treated
with colchicine solution for chromosome doubling. The diploid plantlets were checked for their gynogenic origin by genetical
and biochemical methods. The effectiveness of the method expressed as the number of agronomically useful DH lines to the number
obtained that were fertile and resistant to downy mildew, branched and unbranched plants was 8,6% on average.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
138.
T. S. Perel 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1987,3(1-2):103-105
Summary Many of the most widely distributed species of Lumbricidae are polyploid. So far polyploid forms have been found to be distributed more widely than diploid ones. Taking Eisenia nordenskioldi as an example, it was shown that polyploids are able to occupy new ecological niches within the area of the diploid form. Ecological differences observed in representatives of different chromosomal races provide polyploids with the chance to coexist in one biocurrent, occupying different ecological niches.Dedicated to the late Prof. Dr. M.S. Ghilarov 相似文献
139.
莲NymphaeaL.多倍体研究Ⅰ.莲多倍体诱导及变异株的形态特征和细胞学观察 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
比较4个莲品种在不同条件下的诱变效果,结果表明:用含0.1%秋水仙素的琼脂胶包埋已萌动的莲子胚,3d后诱变频率可达46%,其效果最佳.经秋水仙素诱导的群体与正常二倍体植株比较,有一部分植株叶片肥厚、叶色变深、叶柄变粗、气孔增大而单位叶面积气孔数减少,有些植株则花器增大、花药增粗、花粉粒显著变大.对变异材料进行细胞学研究后发现,同一材料中同时存在2n=2x=16和2n=4x=32的细胞,甚至有2n=8x=64的重复加倍现象. 相似文献
140.
以杂交稻亲本胚乳糯质基因突变体南恢175wxR、湘恢288wxR、II-32wxB、明恢86wxR、蜀恢527wxR、明恢63wxR、龙特浦wxB以及D62wxB为材料,肉眼鉴定其自交后代胚乳性质,结果发现诱变糯质基因wx发生回复突变(即胚乳性质由糯质回复突变为非糯质),回复突变频率为0~6.34×10-5,平均为3.74×10-5. 相似文献