Use of an electromagnetic technique to determine sodicity in saline-sodic soils

Soil sodicity is an increasing problem in arid‐land irrigated soils that decreases soil permeability and crop production and increases soil erosion. The first step towards the control of sodic soils is the accurate diagnosis of the severity and spatial extent of the problem. Rapid identification and large‐scale mapping of sodium‐affected land will help to improve sodicity management. We evaluated the effectiveness of electromagnetic induction (EM) measurements in identifying, characterizing and mapping the spatial variability of sodicity in five saline‐sodic agricultural fields in Navarre (Spain). Each field was sampled at three 30‐cm soil depth increments at 10–30 sites for a total of 267 soil samples. The number of Geonics‐EM38 measurements in each field varied between 161 and 558, for a total of 1258 ECa (apparent electrical conductivity) readings. Multiple linear regression models established for each field predicted the average profile ECe (electrical conductivity of the saturation extract) and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio of the saturation extract) from ECa. Despite the lack of a direct causal relationship between ECa and SAR, EM measurements can be satisfactorily used for characterizing the spatial distribution of soil sodicity if ECe and SAR are significantly auto‐correlated. These results provide ancillary support for using EM measurements to indirectly characterize the spatial distribution of saline‐sodic soils. More research is needed to elucidate the usefulness of EM measurements in identifying soil sodicity in a wider range of salt and/or sodium‐affected soils.     

芝麻不同品种对空间诱变的敏感性及生物效应研究初报

５个纯合芝麻种质材料搭载我国发射的第１７颗返地式卫星空间处理１５ｄ后，Ｍ０种子外部性状与未处理对照间无明显变化，Ｍ１表现出叶形、育性等外部形态性状变异，品种间敏感性不同。     

花旗松扦插中愈伤组织的形成

花旗松扦插诱导愈伤组织试验结果表明:硬枝扦插形成愈伤组织好于嫩枝扦插,3月份(树液流动前)是花旗松硬枝扦插形成愈伤组织的最佳时间.扦插基质以河沙1 黄土1为佳.扦插地点的地表温度低于20℃不利于愈伤组织产生,花旗松形成愈伤组织需要2个月时间.     

红千层愈伤组织诱导及植株再生

以茎段、芽和叶片为材料,探讨了红千层愈伤组织诱导及植株再生的方法.结果表明:红千层的茎段、芽和叶片均可诱导出愈伤组织,通过继代培养可发育成绿色和粉红色2种类型的愈伤组织,其中绿色、致密的愈伤组织可以分化出不定芽;培养基1/2M S 6-BA 1.0 m g/L NAA 0.1 m g/L适宜愈伤组织不定芽的诱导,在培养基1/2M S IBA 0.25 m g/L上试管苗的生根率可达95%.     

Stimulation of acetylcholinesterase activity by triiodothyronine in the brain of Singi fish,Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)

Three consecutive days of injections of triiodothyronine (T₃)(0.038, 0.075, 0.15 and 1.54 nmoles/g) significantly elevated the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity in the brain of Singi fish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch). The higher doses of 0.075, 0.15 and 1.54 nmoles of T₃/g induced a greater increase in enzyme activity than 0.038 nmoles/g. A T₃ dose of 0.019 nmoles/g was found to be ineffective. The T₃ action on AchE activity was blocked by cycloheximide. Thiourea treatment for 30 days decreased the AchE activity below the control level. This reduced level of the enzyme activity was brought back even above the control level by T₃ injections. It is, therefore, suggested that thyroid hormone is involved in the sustenance of AchE activity in fish brain.     

龙眼成花与抗氧化防御体系关系研究

以石硖龙眼为材料,通过低温诱导、氧化胁迫、自然低温+药剂处理试验,探讨龙眼成花和抗氧化防御之间的相关性。结果表明,氧化胁迫处理或低温+NO/H2O2促进剂处理均有利于龙眼早花。NO促进剂可抑制成花后期龙眼顶芽POD活性,H2O2清除剂可促使POD和SOD活性大幅上升,表明氧化胁迫信号正调控龙眼成花,而氧化防御体系负调控龙眼成花。     

美国SL-9甘薯茎尖脱毒组织培养的最适激素浓度配比初探

为探索高淀粉甘薯品种美国SL-9茎尖脱毒组织培养的最适激素浓度配比,选择6-BA和α-NAA两种激素,通过不同浓度的配比,利用线性综合评价模型对愈伤组织诱导率L、出芽(成苗)率M和芽长(苗高)N三个培养效果指标进行综合评价。结果表明,最适于该品种茎尖脱毒组织培养的培养基配方为MS+1.00 mg/L6-BA+0.50 mg/Lα-NAA;在此培养基上,美国SL-9愈伤组织诱导率L为83.3%,出芽(成苗)率M为100%,且成苗速度快,培养时间短,接种培养40d苗高达11.4mm,优于其它激素浓度配比。     

Metallothionein induction in cultured fibroblasts and liver of a marine flatfish,the turbot,Scophthalmus maximus

Intraperitoneal injection of turbot with Cd induced the synthesis of a low molecular weight hepatic Cd-binding protein and a 500bp mRNA, which hybridised to a plaice metallothionein (MT) cRNA probe. The Cd-binding protein displayed cross-reactivity in a competitive ELISA with antiserum raised against rainbow trout MT and had the characteristic amino acid composition, metal stoichiometry and spectral characteristics of a Class I MT. Only one isoform was apparent on ion exchange chromatography. Southern blot analysis of DNA cleaved with four restriction enzymes suggested that only a single MT gene is present in turbot.In an established turbot fibroblast cell line, Cd induced MT mRNA and MT levels in a dose and time-dependent manner. MT was also induced by Cu, Hg and Zn but not Pb exposure. Physiological concentrations of glucocorticoids and sex hormones did not induce MT synthesis, although at high concentrations a positive response to corticosterone, dexamethasone, hydrocortisone or progesterone was observedin vitro indicating the possible presence of a functional steroid regulatory element in the fish MT gene.Abbreviations used AMP adenosine monophosphate - CHSE chinook salmon embryo - DMSO dimethyl sulphoxide - HPLC high performance liquid chromatography - KB kenacid blue - MT metallothionein - Mr molecular weight (kDaltons) - NR neutral red - PEG polyethylene glycol - RTH rainbow trout hepatoma - SDS sodium dodecyl sulphate - SSC 0.15M NaCl, 0.015M sodium citrate - TF turbot fibroblast     

短短芽胞杆菌FJAT-0809-GLX几丁质酶基因(chiD)的克隆与原核表达

以短短芽胞杆菌FJAT-0809-GLX基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到几丁质酶基因chiD序列,再将chiD序列连接到pMD18-T克隆载体上,形成重组载体pMD18-T-chiD,转化大肠杆菌DH5ɑ并测序,经过核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析获得几丁质酶基因chiD的序列片段为1 524 bp,编码507个氨基酸,理论蛋白质分子量约54.55 ku,其等电点约为5.77,表明该几丁质酶为酸性几丁质酶。将重组质粒pMD18-T-chiD双酶切后与表达载体pET-28a连接,构建重组表达载体pET28a-chiD,并转入大肠杆菌BL21中进行IPTG诱导表达,结果表明:重组蛋白质的分子量约55 ku,与预测的蛋白分子量结果一致。为了提高重组蛋白的表达量,对培养时间、IPTG浓度和温度3个参数进行优化,并将表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析,最后得出重组载体pET28a-chiD的最佳诱导表达参数分别为8 h、0.5 mmol/L和28℃。这为短短芽胞杆菌来源的几丁质酶的进一步研究奠定了良好基础。     

弄岗马兜铃组培苗的生根培养

对弄岗马兜铃组培苗进行生根诱导研究,以达到可移栽的目的。在1/2改良MS固体培养基(KH2PO4 170 mg/L、蔗糖30 g/L,pH 5.8)中添加不同浓度的6-苄胺基腺嘌呤(6-BA)和吲哚丁酸(IBA)筛选最佳生根培养基配方。结果表明：在1/2改良MS固体培养基(蔗糖30 g/L,pH 5.8)加入1 mg/L的IBA具有较好的生根诱导作用,而6-BA对弄岗马兜铃组培苗不具有生根作用。