Variation in the Ratio of Oat (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Avena</Emphasis>) Protein Fractions of Interest in Coeliac Grain Diets

The previously found wide range in the ratios of avenin or methanol-precipitated fractions to residual proteins was revisited by studying 75 oat varieties, mainly representing landraces from Finland, and included old varieties or selections, cv. Kytö, synthetic hexaploid oats and an Avena strigosa line (HA 71–87). The means of the fraction ratios ranged from 4.17 to 6.46 with significant differences. Samples of 10 narrow-ratio and 10 wide-ratio oats were compared more closely. The wide-ratio sample had significantly higher total protein content and significantly lower content of the methanol-precipitated protein fraction. Therefore, both fractions in general appear to contribute to the ratio of the protein fractions. The wide-ratio sample had significantly lower grain mass and husk-free karyopsis mass. Samples of the extreme ends in the ratios of the protein fractions showed different electrophoretic protein patterns, which was also seen in samples representing the same population of origin. It is evident that polymorphisms in the protein fractions would allow breeding of oat cultivars showing further lowering of proteins putatively toxic to coeliacs assuming oats contain these toxic proteins.     

Development of EST-SSR in foxtail millet (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Setaria italica</Emphasis>)

The development of EST-SSR in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) for polymorphism and transferability study was reported here. From 1213 EST sequences, 30 SSRs were obtained and primers were designed for 26 SSRs. Among them, four pairs of SSR primers amplified polymorphic products in 12 foxtail millet cultivars and one accession of Setaria viridis, a wild relative of foxtail millet, with 10 alleles detected for the four loci and 2.5 alleles per locus. In addition, ten SSR markers could be transferred to other nine Gramineae species. The putative functions of 11 ESTs containing polymorphic and transferable SSRs were also identified.     

西瓜和甜瓜的SSR引物对三种瓜类作物的通用性分析

利用西瓜的1 824对SSR引物和甜瓜的259对SSR引物,对丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜的DNA进行了PCR扩增,分析了西瓜和甜瓜SSR引物对三种瓜类作物扩增的通用性以及三种瓜类作物中不同类型之间的多态性.结果表明,西瓜和甜瓜SSR引物对丝瓜、冬瓜和苦瓜的DNA扩增通用性分别是15.31％、23.04％和14.74％.但是,在三...     

山羊乳蛋白多态性与产奶性能的关系研究

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析２２５只西农萨能奶山羊乳样，首次对山羊乳中主要蛋白质的多态性与乳成分、产奶量等产奶性能指标的关系进行探讨。结果表明，β－乳球蛋白的基因型对奶山羊产奶量有显著影响，而α－酪蛋白、ｋ－酪蛋白对产奶性能无显著影响作用，β－乳球蛋白ＢＢ型、α－酪蛋白ＢＢ型和ｋ－酪蛋白ＡＡ型山羊个体表现出较好的产奶性能。     

大通牦牛生长激素基因和K-酪蛋白基因的PCR-RFLP研究

利用PCR-RFLP技术检测了大通牦牛生长激素（growth hormone，GH）基因和K-酪蛋白（K-casein,K-CN）基因部分序列的遗传多态性，结果表明：大通牦牛群体中被检测的两个位点均存在遗传多态性。GH基因PCR-RFLP位点等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0．1755和0．8255．K-CN基因PCR-RFLP位点等位基因A和B的基因频率分别为0．1117和0．8883。GH基因和K-CN基凶PCR-RFLP位点的基因型分布均极显著偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡定理（P〈0．01）。大通牦牛群体内平均基冈一致度和基因多样度分别为0．7561和0．2439。     

利用微卫星标记分析4个猪品种的遗传结构

利用5个微卫星标记对4个猪品种(山西马身猪、大白猪、长白猪和太原花猪)的遗传结构进行了分析,计算了遗传杂合度、有效等位基因数,得到了由Nei氏标准遗传距离为基础的NJ聚类图。结果表明:大白猪与马身猪以及大白猪与太原花猪的遗传关系较远,而山西马身猪与太原花猪的遗传关系较近;山西马身猪与太原花猪的进化历史相近,大白猪与山西马身猪组合及大白猪与太原花猪的组合,可能产生较大的杂种优势。     

相关序列扩增多态性(SRAP)一种新的分子标记技术

SRAP是一种新的DNA分子标记,具有简便、稳定、中等产率和容易得到选择条带序列的特点。SRAP是一种基于PCR技术的新的分子标记技术,其利用独特的引物设计对ORFs进行扩增,上游引物长17bp,对外显子进行特异扩增,下游引物长18bp,对内含子区域、启动子区域进行特异扩增,因个体不同以及物种的内含子、启动子与间隔长度不等而产生多态性。扩增产物用变性的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶分离,然后用放射自显影检测。本文在阐述SRAP的原理和流程后,详细论述了SRAP标记目前在植物遗传图谱构建、遗传多样性、基因定位、比较基因组学、杂种优势预测等方面的研究进展及应用前景。     

不同凝胶电泳对玉米自交系DNA多态检测的影响

利用10个SSR(简单序列重复)引物对,对10个玉米自交系进行同源位点扩增,用琼脂糖凝胶及聚丙烯酰胺凝胶两种电泳方法分离,检测其DNA多态性。结果表明,其间的多态性检测结果差异较大。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳较琼脂糖凝胶电泳能检出更多的等位基因位点,多态信息含量值亦较高,自交系间遗传相似系数的变幅小于琼脂糖凝胶检测中的相应值。聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳的分辨率高于琼脂糖凝胶电泳,对自交系的系统聚类更为准确、可靠,更能真实地反映自交系间的系谱关系。     

粳稻品种SSR多态性检出率的分析

 用395对SSR引物测得多态性检出率：日本近缘品种（粳型）间为11.12%，日本近缘品种与意大利品种（粳型）间、与美国品种（籼型）间及与菲律宾品种（籼型）间分别为17.58%、20.80%和38.62%，显示相同粳稻生态型品种间多态性检出率低于不同生态型品种间，而相同粳稻生态型内，日本近缘品种间的多态性检出率更低。在日本近缘品种中，不同品种间多态性检出率差异较大，其变幅为3.79~15.95%。此外，不同染色体间引物的多态性检出率也存在较大差异，其中第10染色体的供试引物多态性检出率无论在不同生态型品种间或相同生态型品种间均最低。     

Association between ERK5 -322G/T polymorphism and genetic susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer

AIM: To investigate the correlation between extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 ( ERK5 ) -322G/T polymorphism (rs3866958) and the susceptibility to sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) in southern Chinese population. METHODS: ERK5 -322G/T genotypes were determined by Taqman-MGB probes in 835 CRC cases and 908 healthy controls. RESULTS: No significance of ERK5 -322G/T genotype distribution between CRC patients and controls was observed, but -322G/T decreased the susceptibility to CRC in fat people whose BMI was ≥ 24 kg/m². Compared to GG genotypes, the carriers with GT and TT genotypes had a significant decrease in the risk of CRC(OR=0.576,95%CI 0.413-0.804, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: ERK5 -322G/T polymorphism (rs3866958) has no significant relevance with sporadic CRC susceptibility, but decrease, the risk of CRC in people with fatness. The T variant genotype is an independent protective factor against sporadic CRC of overweight patients in southern Chinese population.