生长阶段及温度对微藻细胞总ATP酶活性的影响

以亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、大溪地球等鞭藻(Isochrysis galbana daxidi)和小新月菱形藻(Nitzschia closterium)为实验对象,探讨批次培养过程中不同生长阶段及不同温度处理的藻细胞总ATP酶活性.结果表明:三种微藻在不同生长阶段的细胞总ATP...     

贵州小桐子农家品种的花粉活力和柱头可授性

为更好地开发和利用贵州小桐子种质资源,以充分发挥其生物能源的作用,对贵州省罗甸县、望谟县、册亨县和贞丰县4个地方的小桐子花粉活力和柱头可授性进行了比较。结果表明,2007—2011年5年中,册亨县巧马采育林场种植的小桐子农家品种的花粉活力和柱头可授性均高于其他3个地方的品种。     

不同花期花粉授粉对烟草授粉效果和种子质量的影响

[目的]为确定烟草花粉的适宜采集时期。[方法]采集不同花期的花粉,研究不同花期花粉授粉对云烟85、云烟87和K326授粉效果和种子质量的影响。[结果]随着花粉采集花期的延长,花粉活力逐渐提高;对于云烟85、云烟87和K326,始开期和盛开期的花粉授粉效果好,种子产量和质量高。[结论]在保证种子产量、质量和纯度的基础上,宜采集始开期花粉进行授粉。     

部分桑树品种花粉亚显微形态观察及比较

[目的]了解桑树花粉的亚显微结构及形态学特征。[方法]对7个桑树品种的花粉通过戊二醛固定制样处理,酒精梯度脱水、冷冻干燥和金属喷镀制备后利用扫描电子显微镜进行形态大小及表面纹饰观察。[结果]花粉表面特征及纹饰均清晰可见,表明该试验方法适合桑树花粉的扫描电镜观察;供试桑树花粉为近球形,具2个萌发孔,孔膜具刺突;极轴大小15.99～22.63μm,赤道轴大小14.98～20.78μm,‘育2号’花粉体积最大,而‘晋选7号’花粉最小;花粉外壁均分布有不同密度的点状颗粒,花粉表面呈现平滑和瘤状突起2种纹饰类型。[结论]戊二醛固定液–酒精梯度脱水法是进行桑树花粉形态观察的一种较理想的研究方法;该研究结果或可为桑属植物的孢粉学鉴定及种甚至种下等级的系统分类研究提供有益资料。     

西府海棠花粉生活力测定

[目的]研究分析了不同染色方法和离体萌发法对西府海棠花粉生活力的影响,以期为选出影响西府海棠花粉生活力的最佳方法提供理论依据。[方法]以西府海棠花粉为试材,利用碘-碘化钾染色法、醋酸洋红染色法、离体萌发法和TTC（氯化三苯基四氮唑）染色法对花粉生活力进行测定,并研究了不同浓度的钙对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。[结果]适合西府海棠花粉萌发和花粉管生长的最佳培养基是：0.8 g琼脂＋15.0 mg/L蔗糖＋2.0 mg/L硼酸;低浓度的钙对花粉萌发和花粉管的生长有促进作用,高浓度的钙对花粉萌发和花粉管的生长有抑制作用,培养基中Ca（NO3）2浓度为1.6×10-5mg/L时最适合西府海棠花粉萌发和花粉管的生长。[结论]3种染色方法均不适合测定西府海棠花粉生活力。     

水稻待测粳型亲籼系的亲籼性鉴定

[目的]选育粳型亲籼系。[方法]选用6个籼稻、6个粳稻和6个广亲和测验种,以F,代花粉育性和小穗育性为指标,测定了5个待测粳型亲籼系的亲籼性。[结果]待测粳型亲籼系G2123、G2417、G2410和G3005亲籼、不亲粳,为特异亲籼系;G2615不亲籼,也不亲粳,为不亲和系。同时探讨了粳型亲籼系亲籼性测定时的测验种、育性指标、花粉育性和小穗育性的测定方法,分析了G2417高亲籼性的原因。[结论]G2417自交结实率（小穗育性）95．1％,与6个籼稻测验种杂交的F,代平均结实率（小穗育性）94．9％,是个亲籼性极好、综合性状优良的亲籼系。     

天山樱桃花粉特性研究

以新疆伊犁霍域大西沟野果林的天山樱桃为研究对象,通过对其花粉量、花粉形态和花粉生活力等方面的研究,发现天山樱桃每花药平均为407.5粒花粉,花粉量明显低于栽培樱桃早大果和布鲁克斯;天山樱桃花粉形态为长球形或超长球形,个体花粉极面观为三裂圆,极面平滑,辐射对称,萌发沟明显细长,长至两端,均属三沟型;花粉离体萌发试验发现,在所设梯度中最适宜的培养基为：1%琼脂＋20%震糖＋0.01%硼酸,萌发率高达51.07%。     

干旱对玉米穗发育及产量的影响

干旱作为影响玉米产量的环境因素之首,对玉米植株形态、物质积累、生理作用、性器官发育等方面产生影响,最终降低穗粒数、粒重,导致产量降低。以雌雄穗发育为研究重点,本文综述了不同时期干旱对雌雄穗性状及开花吐丝间隔期的影响。玉米开花前遭遇干旱,延缓雌雄穗发育进程,减少分化小花数,增加籽粒败育,导致穗粒数降低;抽雄吐丝期间遭遇干旱,导致雄穗抽出困难、吐丝延迟,使开花吐丝间隔期拉长,严重时导致花粉、花丝超微结构发生改变,影响玉米授粉、受精过程,最终导致秃尖形成,穗粒数降低;灌浆期遭遇干旱导致叶片早衰,光合产物积累不足,籽粒灌浆受阻,粒重降低,最终均会导致产量下降。从源库关系角度分析,玉米灌浆期前干旱导致玉米产量降低的主要原因是穗粒数降低导致的库强不足;而灌浆期干旱主要是叶片早衰等营养器官发育受阻,限制同化物的积累及转运,此时源不足限制了产量的增加。     

Integrating effects of hunting policy, catastrophic events, and inbreeding depression, in PVA simulation: the Scandinavian wolf population as an example

Focusing on the wolf Canis lupus in Scandinavia as an example, criteria are proposed and an analysis performed to assess the effect on extinction risk of various control policies, while accounting simultaneously for effects of inbreeding depression and potential catastrophic events. Each control policy is characterized by a hunting pressure (the increase caused by hunting of annual mortality rates) combined with a hunting threshold (the population size below which hunting is not permitted). Catastrophes are taken into account by including the persistence of a severe catastrophe in the criterion for population viability. Based on these criteria, the results suggest that only a very limited amount of hunting should be permitted at low population sizes. The results also illustrate the importance of including a long-term perspective in modelling threatened populations.     

Population viability, ecological processes and biodiversity: Valuing sites for reserve selection

No-take reserves constitute one tool to improve conservation of marine ecosystems, yet criteria for their placement, size, and arrangement remain uncertain. Representation of biodiversity is necessary in reserve planning, but will ultimately fail for conservation unless factors affecting species’ persistence are also incorporated. This study presents an empirical example of the divergent relationships among multiple metrics used to quantify a site’s conservation value, including those that address representation (habitat type, species richness, species diversity), and others that address ecological processes and viability (density and reproductive capacity of a keystone species, in this case, the black chiton, Katharina tunicata). We characterized 10 rocky intertidal sites across two habitats in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, according to these site metrics. High-richness and high-production sites for K. tunicata were present in both habitat types, but high richness and high-production sites did not overlap. Across sites, species richness ranged from 29 to 46, and adult K. tunicata varied from 6 to 22 individuals m⁻². Adult density was negatively correlated with species richness, a pattern that likely occurs due to post-recruitment growth and survival because no correlation was evident with non-reproductive juveniles. Sites with high adult density also contributed disproportionately greater potential reproductive output (PRO), defined by total gonad mass. PRO varied by a factor of five across sites and was also negatively correlated with species richness. Compromise or relative weighting would be necessary to select valuable sites for conservation because of inherent contradictions among some reserve selection criteria. We suspect that this inconsistency among site metrics will occur more generally in other ecosystems and emphasize the importance of population viability of strongly interacting species.