Breeding for increased grain protein and micronutrient content in wheat: Ten years of the GPC-B1 gene

To provide food and nutrition security for a growing world population, continued improvements in the yield and nutritional quality of agricultural crops will be required. Wheat is an important source of calories, protein and micronutrients and is thus a priority to breed for improvements in these traits. The GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT-B1 (GPC-B1) gene is a positive regulator of nutrient translocation which increases protein, iron and zinc concentration in the wheat grain. In the ten years since it was cloned, the impacts of GPC-B1 allelic variation on quality and yield traits have been extensively analyzed in diverse genetic backgrounds in field studies spanning forty environments and seven countries. In this review, we compile data from twenty-five studies to summarize the impact of GPC-B1 allelic variation on fifty different traits. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the functional copy of the GPC-B1 gene is associated with consistent positive effects on grain protein, Fe and Zn content with only marginally negative impacts on yield. We conclude that the GPC-B1 gene has the potential to increase nutritional and end use quality in a wide range of modern cultivars and environments and discuss the possibilities for its application in wheat breeding.     

杏鲍菇冷链综合保鲜技术应用

介绍了我国杏鲍菇工厂化栽培现状、销售方式及存在的问题,综述了真空预冷、防雾薄膜、纳米保鲜薄膜、减压贮藏等技术在杏鲍菇保鲜上的应用,构建了杏鲍菇综合协同保鲜成套技术,以期为杏鲍菇贮藏保鲜提供一定的技术支持。     

Phytophthora oleae,a new root pathogen of wild olives

Wild olive (Olea europaea subsp. europaea var. sylvestris) is an important component of Mediterranean forests and a key genetic source for olive improvement programmes. Since 2009, a severe decline caused by Phytophthora cryptogea and P. megasperma has been detected in a protected wild olive forest of high ecological value (Dehesa de Abajo, Seville, Spain). In this natural forest, sampling of roots and soil was carried out on 25 wild olives with symptoms in 2014 and 2015. Apart from the already known P. cryptogea A1 and P. megasperma, a third Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from wild olive rootlets with symptoms. These isolates conformed morphologically with the newly described species P. oleae and were confirmed by analysis of their ITS regions and cox1 sequences. Temperature–growth relationships showed a maximum growth at 19.9 °C on carrot agar medium, making it the lowest temperature Phytophthora species infecting wild olive roots. Pathogenicity was confirmed on 1-year-old healthy wild olive seedlings and was similar to the previously known pathogenic phytophthoras. As temperature requirements are quite different, the three Phytophthora species may be active against wild olive roots in different seasons. However, the prevalence of P. oleae infecting wild olives in recent years could be due to its introduction as a new invasive pathogen. The probable invasive nature of P. oleae, together with increasing rain episodes concentrated in short periods frequent in southern Spain, would allow the outbreak of infections in wild olive forests, and also put cultivated olive orchards at risk.     

矮凤梨短营养生长期突变材料‘14-1’的性状鉴定

菠萝栽培种(Ananas comosus var. comosus)的营养生长期较长,制约了其新品种选育效率。收集和筛选营养生长期较短的种质,可为短营养生长期菠萝新品种的选育创制中间材料。从境外收集了23份易成花的野生种质材料,自2008年起进行栽培、繁殖和性状鉴定。通过对营养生长期的比较和观察,从矮凤梨(A. comosus var. nanus)的体胚苗中发现了1份营养生长期显著缩短的突变材料‘14-1’,其营养生长期约6个月(原品种约12个月),1年开花2次,具有极易成花等特点。‘14-1’无性繁殖后代遗传性状稳定,可作为短营养生长期菠萝育种的亲本资源。     

天山西部云杉林群落数量分类与排序

[目的]研究植物群落的数量分类和排序,分析植物群落与环境之间的关系,为新疆天山云杉林保护、天山西部山区森林群落更新恢复评价提供支撑.[方法]以天山西部国有林管理局巩留分局恰西森林公园为试验点,天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana var tianschanica)林为研究对象,基于群落学调查和环境因子测定数据,...     

室内环境对银心吊兰生长及调节空气效能的影响

通过测定具有代表性的四种室内环境条件下银心吊兰的固碳释氧量、释水量的变化,研究了银心吊兰叶片生长与环境条件相互作用,结果表明:在南向阳光充足的窗边,银心吊兰的固碳释氧量和释水量最大,但叶片生长较慢;光强稍弱的东向窗边,叶片生长较快,但固碳释氧量和释水量低于南向窗边;阴暗的条件下叶片的生长受到抑制,改善环境能力严重降低。     

基于14C同化物运转和分配对黄柏剥皮的再生机理

以14C为示踪剂,用14CO2+CO2法对2年生黄柏进行半株标记,在主干上环状剥去韧皮部,以塑料薄膜包裹,燃烧法制样、液体闪烁测量法测14C活度。结果表明,未剥皮黄柏韧皮部的14C同化物运输速率为52.0cm/h,3h左右同化物从树冠运输到根系,树冠不同部位的功能叶14C同化物分配为:中部功能叶>上部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮后,同化物分配规律改变为:上部功能叶>中部功能叶>下部功能叶;剥皮第15天在新生韧皮部、剥口下方的树皮及根系中检测到14C同化物,表明新生韧皮部的生理功能得到恢复。     

高二氧化碳结合低氧处理对杏鲍菇细胞壁的影响

旨在研究高二氧化碳结合低氧处理对杏鲍菇细胞壁成分（蛋白质、多糖、几丁质）、咀嚼度及超微结构的影响。在温度（22±1）℃、相对湿度90％～95％的条件下,以空气为对照（CK）,采用气调（CA,2％O2＋30％CO2）对杏鲍菇进行货架期试验。结果表明,货架期间CA的咀嚼度显著高于CK。 CA可以有效延缓杏鲍菇细胞壁水溶性蛋白质和1 mol/L NaOH可溶性蛋白质的降解,维持了细胞壁总蛋白质含量及细胞壁结构完整。 CA有效抑制杏鲍菇多糖含量的下降,其对水溶性多糖、10 mol/L NaOH可溶性多糖分解的抑制作用较为明显。此外,CA显著促进了水溶性几丁质、10 mol/L NaOH可溶性几丁质、HCl/1 mol/L NaOH可溶性几丁质的积累,延缓其分解,有效抑制了杏鲍菇细胞壁几丁质含量的下降,有助于维持其硬度及咀嚼度。杏鲍菇超微结构结果也表明, CA保持杏鲍菇细胞壁结构的完整性与稳定性,较好地维持杏鲍菇咀嚼度。综上所述,CA通过影响菇体细胞壁的代谢来保持杏鲍菇的食用品质。     

虚拟仪器在杏鲍菇生长环境监控系统中的应用

有机食用菌杏鲍菇的栽培是宁夏南部山区的特色产业,杏鲍菇的生物学特性直接决定了工厂化栽培的基本特征。温湿度、二氧化碳浓度等环境因子对杏鲍菇不同时期的生长有着重要影响,研究环境因子的调控理论和方法是提升杏鲍菇品质与产量的重要基础,因此需要对环境因子各种变量进行数据采集。为此,以三菱FX2NPLC、FX2N-4 AD模拟量输入模块,以及传感器搭建环境因子数据采集平台;并以Lab VIEW作为上位机,通过PC与PLC串口通信,实现对环境因子的实时监控及数据存储。该研究为后期分析温室内外环境因子与杏鲍菇生长发育状况的数据关系奠定了科学基础。