植物源杀虫剂对夜蛾科害虫的作用研究进展

针对滥用化学农药造成的污染和残留问题,阐明了植物源杀虫剂研究开发的必要性和广阔前景,并主要介绍了研究较多的三个科杀虫植物杀虫活性物质的类型、有效成分、作用机理及对夜蛾科害虫作用研究的进展.     

Flavonoids from stem and leaf of Scutellaria baicalonsis Georgi inhibit PHF abnormality and regulatory mechanism of protein phosphatase in rats' brain induced by okadaic acid

AIM: To investigate the effect of flavonoids from stem and leaf of Scutellaria baicalonsis Georgi (SSF) on paired helical filament (PHF) abnormality and the regulatory mechanism of protein phosphatase (PP) in rats' brain induced by okadaic acid (OA). METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were microinjected with OA (200 ng/kg) by the lateral ventricle to establish a memory impairment model. Morris water maze was used to screen the memory impairment model. The successful model rats were continuous intragastric infusion (ig) SSF for 36 days. The relative protein expression of PHF, PP1, PP2A-Cα, PP2A-Cβ, PP2CA and PP2CB in the rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected by Western blot. GinKgo biloba leaf flavonoids (GLF) were used as positive control drug. RESULTS: Compared with the sham-operated rats, the relative protein expression of PHF in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and PP1 in cortex of model rats were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the protein expression of PP2A-Cα, PP2A-Cβ in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus and PP2CB in the hippocampus were decreased (P<0.05), while the relative protein expression of PP2CA and PP2CB in the cortex were significantly increased (P<0.01). SSF reversed the abnormality in the protein expression of PHF, PP2A-Cα and PP2A-Cβ in rat cortex and hippocampus and PP1 in rat cortex induced by OA (P<0.01), which had no significant effect on the relative protein expression of PP2CA and PP2CB. GLF also showed similar results to SSF. CONCLUSION: SSF significantly reduces the abnormal formation of PHF in rats' brain induced by OA, which may be related to the regulation of PP1, PP2A-Cα and PP2A-Cβ expression, but not with PP2CA and PP2CB expression.     

红壤稻田养地体系的研究Ⅰ．有机、无机肥结合对红壤稻田生产效率的影响及其养地效果

多点定位田间试验表明．在福建中低产红壤稻田中混合施用有机和无机肥料，可使水稻生产效率在短期内得到稳定增长（３０％－９２％）．经统计分析比较，水稻生产效率与有机无机总养分（或总氮）投入量呈极显著相关；有机无机肥结合的优点主要表现在土壤生产力的稳定积累和元素生产效率的提高．参试的４大有机给源配合半量化肥的作用近于等效，但在试验期限内（１－３ａ），稻谷产量无额外的互作效应，而绿肥鲜体在增产养地配合效应上具有明显的优势．     

陆地棉品种与陆地棉族系种质系间杂种优势及其组成分析

采用ＮＣⅡ遗传交配设计,选用３个陆地棉常规品种和５个陆地棉族系种质系材料杂交,杂种Ｆ１代产量和纤维品质优势表现明显。通径分析结果表明,提高铃重,单株铃数的中亲优势,适当降低单铃种子数和株高的优势。在其它性状适宜的情况下,可以显著地提高皮棉产量的中亲优势。各个优势组合在产量优势来源上有差异。种质系材料在杂种优势利用上具有很大潜力。     

A Globally Convergent Algorithm for Nonlinear Programming

A new globally convergent algorithm was presented for a continuous differen-tiable nonlinear programming by defining a measure function deviating from the Kuhn-Tucker point. With this algorithm which can be used to get the optimum solution of the problem,the optimal lagrangian multiplier corresponding the optimal solution of the problem was also obtained. A new iterative algorithm for quadratic programming is obtained when applying the general algorithm to quadratic programming. Finally,a numerical example was given.     

两种穗型冬小麦品种分蘖成穗与内源激素之间关系的研究

通过对黄淮冬麦区生产上推广的大穗型品种豫麦66和多穗型品种豫麦49分蘖消长与内源激素的对应变化关系研究, 结果表明, 两种穗型品种体内吲哚乙酸(IAA)、玉米素核苷(ZR)和玉米素(Z)、脱落酸(ABA)含量变化方面存在着差异: 在分蘖盛期豫麦66 IAA和ZR+Z的蘖、茎比小于豫麦49, 而ABA的蘖、茎比相反; 在分蘖衰亡过程中豫麦66分蘖Ⅰ     

气体物质对园艺产品采后保鲜的影响

对备受瞩目的1-MCP、乙醇和乙醛、NO和N2O等气体物质对园艺产品采后保鲜中的影响及其作用机理、特点及应用前景进行了概述.     

福建乌龙茶种质离体保存研究Ⅱ 无菌系继代增殖与生根

本试验以铁观音茶树成年茎段离体培养诱导的丛生芽作为研究材料,探讨无菌系的继代增殖和生根。试验结果表明：适宜茶树成年茎段无菌系继代增殖的培养基为1/2MS＋1.0mg/L6-BA＋0.2mg/LIAA＋0.2mg/LGA3,培养基中附加8g/L琼脂糖,30g/L蔗糖,pH5.6。在此继代培养基上进行增殖,茶树成年茎段平均增殖率为7.57,最高增殖率可达13。适合茶树成年茎段离体培养生根的培养基是1/2MS＋3mg/LIBA＋30g/L蔗糖＋7g/L琼脂糖;研究还表明随着继代生长时间的延长,生根率提高,最早生根的天数缩短。     

小麦抗穗发芽机理研究现状

为了及时了解小麦抗穗发芽机制,加快我国小麦抗穗发芽品种选育进程。以影响穗发芽的主要因素α-淀粉酶为切入点,对影响α-淀粉酶活性的调控因子α-淀粉酶抑制剂和硫氧还蛋白h在小麦中的分布、作用性质、生物学功能及抗穗发芽解决途径进行了介绍。并结合自己的研究工作,认为利用基因工程技术导入反义Trxs基因是解决穗发芽的一条行之有效的途径。