Effect of quercetin on platelet spreading on collagen and fibrinogen and on multiple platelet kinases

α₂β₁ and α_IIbβ₃ integrins, that support platelet adhesion to collagen and fibrinogen, respectively, share common signaling molecules. The effect of quercetin on platelet static adhesion to collagen and fibrinogen was assessed and correlated with its kinase inhibitory activity. Quercetin strongly abrogated PI3K and Src kinases, mildly inhibited Akt1/2, and slightly affected PKC, p38 and ERK1/2. Quercetin or the combined use of adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane A₂ inhibitors abrogated platelet spreading on these surfaces to a similar extent. We suggest that the inhibitory effect of quercetin on platelet kinases blocks early signaling events preventing a complete platelet spreading.     

Soil microbial communities resistant to changes in plant functional group composition

The soil community is an often ignored part of research which links plant biodiversity and ecosystem functioning despite their influence on numerous functions such as decomposition and nutrient cycling. Few consistent patterns have been detected that link plant and soil community composition. We used a removal experiment in a northern Canadian grassland to examine the effects of plant functional group identity on soil microbial community structure and function. Plant functional groups (graminoids, legumes and forbs) were removed independently from plots for five growing seasons (2003-2007) and in the fifth year effects on the soil microbial community were examined using substrate-induced respiration (SIR - a measure of metabolic diversity) and phospholipid fatty acid analysis (PLFA - a measure of microbial community composition). Removal treatments were also crossed with both a fertilizer treatment and a fungicide treatment to determine if effects of functional group identity on the soil community were context dependent. Plant functional group identity had almost no effect on the soil microbial community as measured by either SIR or PLFA. Likewise, soil properties including total carbon, pH, moisture and nutrients showed a limited response to plant removals in the fifth year after removals. We found a direct effect of fertilizer on the soil community, with fertilized plots having decreased metabolic diversity, with a decreased ability to metabolize amino acids and a phenolic acid, but there was no direct soil microbial response to fungicide. We show that in this northern Canadian grassland the soil microbial community is relatively insensitive to changes in plant functional group composition, and suggest that in northern ecosystems, where plant material is only slowly incorporated into the soil, five growing seasons may be insufficient to detect the impact of a changing plant community on the soil microbes.     

不同剂量25羟基维生素D3对断奶前犊牛血液生化指标、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响

为研究不同剂量25羟基维生素D₃[25(OH)VD₃]对断奶前犊牛血液水平、抗氧化能力和免疫功能的影响,选取18 头健康状况良好的新生荷斯坦犊牛,随机分成3 组,每组6 头进行为期56 天的饲养试验。分为对照组[不添加25(OH)VD₃]、低剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量6 000 IU/头·天]和高剂量组[25(OH)VD₃添加量12 000 IU/头·天]。结果表明,与对照组相比,随着25(OH)VD₃添加剂量增加,血浆生长激素、胰岛素样生长因子-1、过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、总抗氧化能力以及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著增加(P<0.05),而丙二醛含量随剂量增加而存在降低趋势(P=0.079)。与对照组和低剂量组相比,高剂量组血浆免疫球蛋白A(IgA)含量有增加趋势(P=0.059)。综上所述,断奶前犊牛饲喂高剂量25(OH)VD₃有利于促进体内生长激素和胰岛素样生长因子-1分泌,可提高犊牛抗氧化能力,增强免疫功能。     

巴氏新小绥螨对二斑叶螨混合抗性品系和敏感品系的捕食功能

为明确巴氏新小绥螨对二斑叶螨混合抗性品系（R）和敏感品系（S）捕食功能的差异,在RH（75±5）%、光周期16L：8D条件下,设置16、20、24、28和32 ℃5个温度梯度,研究了巴氏新小绥螨对两个品系二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食效能。结果表明,巴氏新小绥螨对两个品系二斑叶螨各螨态的捕食功能反应均属于HollingⅡ型。16～28 ℃范围内,对二者的攻击系数、捕食能力、最大日捕食量均随温度升高而增加,处理时间则缩短。28 ℃时对雌成螨、若螨和卵捕食量最高,R品系为7.5700头、14.4928头和16.0256粒,S品系为7.9114头、18.3150头和20.1207粒;处理时间最短,R品系为0.1321、0.0690和0.0624 d,S品系为0.1264、0.0546和0.0497 d,温度达到32 ℃时,捕食量下降。在同一温度下,对S品系的捕食能力显著大于R品系（P<0.05）。说明巴氏新小绥螨对二斑叶螨混合抗性品系有一定的拒食作用,这与二斑叶螨R品系在长期药剂选择压力下体壁硬化有关。因此,田间防治二斑叶螨时要交替轮换使用化学农药,保护天敌实现生物防治和化学防治相协调的同时,避免或延缓其产生抗药性,从而更好地实现二斑叶螨的综合防控。     

城市森林社会服务功能价值评价指标与方法探讨

文中提出了城市森林社会服务功能价值评价的指标体系, 并探讨了其评价方法。     

保定市主体功能区划方法及区域发展策略

以国家“十一五”规划纲要为指导思想,采用主体功能区划的方法,对保定地区进行划分,分为优化开发区、重点开发区、适宜开发区、限制开发区、禁止开发区,并以此为基础提出各功能区的发展策略。     

广州市花都区土地消费性功能供需差异研究

简述了生态足迹方法,对生物资源消费帐户和化石能源消费帐户的涵盖范围进行了界定。根据1990～2005年广东省广州市花都区土地利用及生态环境的相关数据,利用生态足迹分析方法研究了广州市花都区土地消费性功能的需求、供给及供需差异变化情况。结果表明,1990～2005年,人均生态足迹与生态足迹总量均呈迅速增长的趋势,生物资源消费所占比例较化石能源存在绝对优势,化石能源足迹增长速度快于生物资源足迹,但生态足迹总量的结构并未发生明显变化;花都区土地消费性功能的需求远远超出了该区的生态承载力,但其土地利用强度并未超出支撑土地利用系统消费性功能持续产出的生态环境阈值,从而说明花都区生态环境系统仍然是比较安全的。     

基于Landsat数据的条件植被温度指数升尺度转换方法

以陕西省关中平原为研究区域,应用点扩散函数、混合像素面积权重法和中值像素变异权重法将基于Landsat卫星遥感数据反演的分辨率为30 m的条件植被温度指数(VTCI)干旱监测结果上推至930 m的干旱监测结果,并与Aqua MODIS数据反演的分辨率为930 m的VTCI干旱监测结果进行对比分析,以期为两种空间尺度的干旱监测结果的综合应用提供技术支持。以MODIS数据反演的VTCI为参考,应用相关系数、均方根误差、半变异函数的估计值和图像纹理特征等对尺度上推的VTCI进行评价。结果表明,点扩散函数和混合像素面积权重法的尺度上推效果均较好,而中值像素变异权重法的尺度上推效果较差,说明点扩散函数和混合像素面积权重法均适用于研究区域VTCI干旱监测结果的尺度转换,且点扩散函数的数据处理过程更为简单。典型样点VTCI的尺度上推结果表明,空间异质性越小,尺度上推的结果越好。     

铬的生物学作用及其在畜禽生产中的应用

本文叙述了铬的研究历史,铬的分类、不同类型的铬在动物及人体内的吸收情况,铬的代谢分布情况;重点阐述了铬的生物学作用、铬对畜禽生产性能的影响及铬对动物免疫、应激功能的影响,最后对铬的未来研究作了展望。     

RNA干扰技术及其在寄生线虫基因功能研究中的应用

介绍了RNA干扰（RNAi）的概念、线虫中RNAi的作用机理、RNAi的三个分子特性，即可遗传性、转移性RNAi的放大效应和RNAi信号的传播特性。从模板dsRNA的获取、dsRNA的导入和线虫中RNAi效应的检测方法三个方面概述了应用RNAi技术研究线虫基因功能的试验方法和最新进展。