L—蓝光膜覆盖水稻幼苗的生理及对孕穗,结实的后效应

Ｌ－蓝光膜是中国科学学院广州能源研究所研制成功的大田作物覆盖薄新产品。采用Ｌ－蓝光膜覆盖水稻秧苗，阴天膜内日均温比透明膜高０．３℃，比露天处理高１．８℃，而晴天分别高０．８℃和２．９℃，增加苗干重、苗根活力和秧苗成活率。叶绿素含量、叶绿体光还原活力、光合速率、ＲｕＢＰ－Ｃａｓｅ活性、可溶性糖、淀粉、ＮＯ－２－Ｎ、ＮＨ＋４－Ｎ蛋白质含量、ＲＮ活性均比透明膜及露天处理的提高。秧苗覆盖处理的孕穗期植株仍有良好的生理效应，且抽穗期比透明膜早３ｄ，比露天处理的早５ｄ，穗粒性状改善，谷产量提高     

塑膜暖棚对繁殖母兔生产性能的影响

本试验将９～１０月龄新西兰繁殖母兔５０只和公兔６只，随机分为两组，试验组用塑膜暖棚饲养，对照组用普通兔舍饲养。试验结果表明，受胎率差异不显著（Ｐ＞００５）；窝产仔数、总产仔数、初生窝重差异显著（Ｐ＜００５）；４０日龄断奶窝重、仔兔成活率、经济效益差异极显著（Ｐ＜００１）。     

塑料大棚对油松,侧柏容器苗生长的影响

70年代以来,塑料大棚容器育苗技术(以下简称大棚技术)在我国有了较快的发展,与常规育苗相比,它具有出苗早、造林成活率高等优点。目前对大棚容器育苗技术的研究,多集中于培养基质、容器类型、规格等方面,但对大棚条件下,环境变化与苗木生     

白杨刨片横纹压缩流变性能

用参数分离法对手工刨切的厚为0.8、0.5、0.35、0.25、0.15mm的白杨刨片进行了横纹压缩流变试验。结果表明,用上述几种厚度的刨片所分别叠成的厚约10mm的试件,其柔量大于厚度为10mm木块试件的柔量;刨片越薄,柔量越大。弹性变形及瞬间塑性变形的增长,意味着实木经过刨切,因反复受力而使木材高聚物分子及细胞壁组织都受到影响,并有一定程度的破坏。实木经过刨切成为薄片后再层叠起来所组成的试样,在横纹压缩流变性能方面所体现的变化,一定程度上与木块受压所发生的变化,在趋势上是一致的。然而,由于前者试样系由薄刨片层叠而成,因而在影响其流变性能的诸多因素中,尚有刨片厚度及刨片层叠方向二者明显的影响作用。     

Alley cropping and mulching withErythrina poeppigiana (Walp.) O. F. Cook andGliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.: effects on maize/weed competition

The potential of allye cropping systems to sustain a high productivity with low external inputs and the reduction of maize/weed competition through weed suppression in different alley cropping and sole-cropped mulched systems was studied in Costa Rica at CATIE. Data were recorded eight years after establishment of the experiment. Plant residues ofErythrina poeppigiana trees (10 t/ha dry matter) planted at 6 by 3 m reduced weed biomass by 52%, whileGliricidia sepium trees (12 t/ha dry matter) planted at 6 by 0.5 m reduced weed biomass by 28%, in comparison to controls.Erythrina had a considerable impact on grass weeds, whileGliricidia reduced the incidence of some dicot weeds. Weed competition significantly reduced maize yield in all systems. Nevertheless weed suppression contributed to the higher maize grain yield underErythrina andGliricidia alley cropping of 3.8 t per hectare as opposed to the unmulched control yield of 2.0 t per hectare.     

Quality and decomposition of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) mulch for temperate alley cropping systems

Black locust and alfalfa mulch quality were characterized over a 9-week period of decomposition. Both mulch materials were harvested with a forage harvester. The black locust material was harvested from trees annually coppiced for four years, the alfalfa from a preflorescent second cutting. Two identical, adjacent experiments were conducted, one on each mulch source. A randomized complete block design was used with four replications for this single factor experiment. Fifty grams fresh weight of both mulch types were placed in litter bags, made of 98% shade cloth, a woven plastic with holes approximately 1×0.5 mm. The treatments included two placements of the mulch material, surface and buried. Sampling took place on weeks 0, 1, 3, 6, and 9.The incorporation of mulch materials appears to accelerate dry weight loss. From an initial dry weight of 44.25 g, the buried black locust mulch averaged 4.58 g, while the surface mulch averaged 7.41 g by week 6. The alfalfa mulch initially weighed 40.99g, with buried mulch averaging 1.75 g and surface mulch averaging 4.08 g by week 9.Carbon concentration of alfalfa mulch increased with time in both mulch placements from 43.6% to 57.6% and 51.8% in surface and buried mulch, respectively. Black locust, with an initial carbon concentration of 46.9% increased to 55.9% for the buried mulch and to 53.89% in surface mulch. Nitrogen concentrations increased as well in buried mulch. Lignin concentrations increased dramatically over time for both species of mulch. Black locust lignin concentrations rose from 13.11% to 51.0% (buried) and 32.9% (surface); alfalfa mulch lignin concentrations rose from 6.67% to 31.4% (buried) and 47.7% (surface).     

Nutrient composition of the leaf biomass of three selected woody leguminous species

In order to assess the value of leaf biomass the foliar nutrient content of Leucaena leucocephala, Gliricidia sepium and Flemingia macrophylla was studied under field conditions. In total 5 series of leaf samples were collected and analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium content over a period of 42 months of growth observation. Results are compared with mean values derived from a literature study. Factors contributing to the variation observed are discussed and suggestions towards variation control are made.     

不同灌溉定额对膜下滴灌水稻耗水特征及水分生产效率的影响

【目的】研究膜下滴灌水稻不同水分处理对耗水特征和水分生产效率的影响。【方法】2017年设置5个灌溉定额,对比分析不同水分处理下水稻产量、各生育期耗水量。【结果】W₅处理(灌溉定额910.00 mm)的水稻产量比其他处理分别增加21.95%~458.43%。膜下滴灌水稻全生育期5个水分处理的耗水强度分别为3.75~7.14 mm/d。随着灌水量减少叶面积衰减指数逐渐增大,叶片表现出早衰特征,株高受到灌水量抑制。W₅处理与其他处理水分生产率相比分别提高7.61%~193.06%。生育阶段耗水强度变化规律为拔节孕穗期＞抽穗扬花期＞灌浆期＞分蘖期＞成熟期＞苗期。【结论】水稻全生育期适宜灌溉定额910.00 mm,在拔节孕穗期、分蘖期2个关键需水期,满足水稻水分需求。     

生物可降解地膜对棉花产量及水分利用效率的影响

为了探求华北平原棉花可降解地膜覆盖替代普通膜覆盖的可行性,解决白色污染问题,试验设置4种处理:6 μm PE普通地膜(PE)、8 μm生物可降解地膜(M1)、6 μm生物可降解地膜(M2)及不覆盖地膜(CK),分析比较各处理对棉花出苗率、叶面积指数(LAI)、农田耗水速率、产量及水分利用效率(WUE)的影响.结果表明,与处理CK相比,覆盖地膜显著提高了棉花出苗率,但3种覆膜处理间差异不具有统计学意义;在棉花生育前期,2种生物可降解地膜处理的LAI显著低于PE处理的.3种覆膜处理之间的籽棉产量和霜前花率的差异均不具有统计学意义.3种覆膜处理间WUE的差异不具有统计学意义,但均显著高于CK的.2种生物可降解地膜处理相较于PE,对棉花的出苗率、霜前花率、籽棉产量及WUE的差异均不具有统计学意义.相较于PE,使用6 μm生物可降解膜不会造成棉花耗水量升高,而8 μm可降解膜则显著增加了棉花的耗水量.因此6 μm生物降解膜取代PE膜较好.     

大棚种植菜用甘薯茎尖矿物质和氨基酸含量分析

采用感应耦合等离子质谱和氨基酸自动分析仪,对种植于大棚内的7种菜用甘薯茎尖的12种矿质元素和17种氨基酸含量进行分析。结果表明,甘薯茎尖含有丰富的矿质元素和氨基酸,不同甘薯茎尖的矿质元素和氨基酸的含量略有区别。常量元素方面,镁的含量波动较小,为2 904.53~3 903.17 mg/kg,钾、钙、钠的含量波动较大,特别是钠,为544.24~11 086.49 mg/kg;微量元素方面,7种甘薯茎尖含量较大的分别为铁、锌、锰、硼,在18.64~115.88 mg/kg,含量较小的分别为铜、铬、钼、钴,在0.02~21.65 mg/kg。7种甘薯茎尖的氨基酸含量丰富,氨基酸总量在26.61%~30.03%,人体必需氨基酸含量比例E/T值在33.20%~37.66%,人体必需氨基酸含量与非必需氨基酸含量之比E/N值在0.50~0.60,基本符合FAO/WHO关于理想蛋白质的要求。