Comparison of uptake of different N forms by soil microorganisms and two wet-grassland plants: A pot study

Two common plant species of temperate wet grasslands, Carex acuta and Glyceria maxima, were tested for their preferences in the uptake of different nitrogen (N) sources (amino acid, ammonium, nitrate) and their ability to compete for these sources with soil microorganisms. The experiment was a one-day incubation study with plants growing in soil obtained from the field, which was supplied with a solution containing the three N sources, one at a time labeled with ¹⁵N. The bulk of the N demand of both species was covered by nitrate-N, which was the dominant N form in the soil at the time of the experiment. Ammonium-N was taken up less strongly, and organic N formed only a negligible part of their nutrition. The assimilated inorganic N was preferentially transported to apical meristem of the youngest leaf, while organic N remained mostly in the roots. The fast-growing Glyceria took up more N and was a better competitor vis-à-vis soil microbes for rarer N forms than Carex. However, both plants were poor competitors for N vis-à-vis soil microbes, irrespective of the N form. Microbes took up nitrate ca. five times faster and organic N more than a hundred times faster than plants. Correspondingly, the calculated turnover time of microbial N was 17 days, compared to 40 days for N in plant roots. A significant amount of added ¹⁵N was found at non-exchangeable sites in the soil, which points to the importance of microbial N transformation and abiotic N fixation for N retention in soil. In summary, the preferential assimilation of inorganic N by the wetland plants studied here and their poor ability to compete for N with soil microbes over the short term agree with the results of studies carried out with other species from temperate grasslands.     

分子标记辅助选择Xa23基因在选育抗白叶枯病水稻新品系中的应用

以携带抗白叶枯病基因Xa23的抗病品系‘中野5112'为抗源,以优良水稻品种‘中稻88'和‘中粳Q-196'为受体材料,采用杂交和回交在分离群体中利用与Xa23紧密连锁的EST标记C189进行分子标记辅助选择,通过分子标记检测和成株期农艺性状选择,获得70份目标基因纯合且农艺性状稳定的株系.使用鉴别菌系P6,采用人工剪叶接种法,在孕穗期对44份重点株系进行抗性鉴定,所有株系在孕穗期都表现抗病.结果表明利用与Xa23基因紧密连锁的分子标记C189开展抗白叶枯病分子标记辅助育种是一简便、有效的途径.     

高等植物蔗糖转化酶功能的研究进展

蔗糖转化酶不可逆地催化蔗糖水解成葡萄糖和果糖,因而是植物糖代谢的关键酶,在植物初级代谢及生长发育中具有重要的作用。文中概述了蔗糖转化酶的分类、生化特性、结构特点、生理功能和表达调控等方面的研究进展;重点介绍了其在植物韧皮部蔗糖卸载、己糖积累、细胞膨大和生殖发育方面的功能作用;以及蔗糖转化酶受到糖信号、植物激素、环境胁迫和蔗糖转化酶抑制因子的调控情况;并初步探讨了蔗糖转化酶的研究趋势,为植物蔗糖的进一步开发利用提供依据。     

莱豆新品种龙莱1号的选育

征集龙岩市莱豆地方品种13个,按照育种目标进行品种筛选、提纯、繁殖、特征特性观察与栽培技术试验,育成的莱豆新品种龙莱1号具有中熟、品质优、产量高、抗病性较强、适应性广、商品价值高等特点。该文介绍该品种从2003～2010年的选育过程及该品种主要特征特性。     

轮回选择在烟草育种中的应用及方法

提出了在烟草育种中应用轮回选择方法的必要性,综述了轮回选择改良群体的理论与方法和轮回选择在烟草育种中的应用效果,同时探讨了轮回选择在烟草群体改良中的应用特点和方法。     

区域层面发展循环经济的挑战和路径选择——以安徽省为例

阐述了区域发展循环经济的基础和契机,以安徽省为例分析了发展循环经济面临资源制约和环境压力加大、配套政策法制体系有待进一步完善和贯彻落实、循环经济指标尚未纳入政绩考核、循环经济技术支撑基础依然亟需加强等挑战,提出以任务和目标明确循环经济发展的方向、以重点领域作为循环经济发展的载体、以重点工程作为发展循环经济的手段、以制度建设作为循环经济发展的保障等路径。     

调节剂浸种对马铃薯不同芽位母薯生理代谢及根系形态的调控效应

[目的]通过比较不同芽位马铃薯母薯生理代谢及根系形态的变化,分析了植物生长调节剂对马铃薯生长的调控效应。[方法]采用盆栽试验,浸种使用不同植物生长调节剂,研究母薯生理代谢及根系理化性状变化,探讨植物生长调节剂对马铃薯生育进程的影响。[结果]DTA-6可以提高顶部芽位母薯播后21 d内还原糖含量,对播后42～56 d根系长度、根系体积及根系干重均有提高的调控效应;DTA-6可以提高基部芽位母薯播后7～28 d内可溶性糖含量,但减少播后42～49 d根系干物质积累。SODM对顶部芽位母薯的调控效应与DTA-6基本相同,但是它对可溶性糖含量提高的效果好于DTA-6。就基部芽位母薯而言,SODM可以提高播后7～28 d内可溶性糖含量,降低播后42～49 d内根系干物质的积累,但调控效应较弱。[结论]植物生长调节剂能够通过调控马铃薯母薯生理代谢及根系形态的变化进而影响马铃薯生长发育进程。     

植物生态提取业中产品生态贸易的发展趋势

近几年,中国提取物产业发展迅速,中国植物提取物出口发展势头良好,年平均增幅在20％以上,出口持续快速增长。中国植物提取物进入国际市场存在的主要问题是在国与国之间在实际法规、技术标准、认证制度和检验制度等方面的差异形成的技术贸易壁垒和环境壁垒。通过生态技术途径突破贸易壁垒是中国植物提取物生态贸易的发展趋势。     

数字存储示波器特性及其应用

数字存储示波器是采用数字电路进行模/数转换,并通过存储器实现对触发前信号的记忆功能的一种具备存储功能新型示波器;此文尝试在分析数字存储示波器的原理和特性的基础上,对其在工程应用中应注意的问题进行分析。     

《植物景观设计》课程教学方法探索

植物景观设计是园林专业的主干课程,将情感教育引入植物景观设计的教学中,将使传统的教学方式发生一定的转变,教学重点更加侧重于学生实践能力的培养。