Evaluation of transdermal fentanyl patch attachment in dogs and analysis of residual fentanyl content following removal

Objective To investigate whether the method used to attach matrix‐type fentanyl patches influences the degree of skin attachment and the amount of active drug remaining in patches after use. Study design Prospective, randomised clinical study. Study population Fifteen adult dogs of mixed breeds. Methods Two equally sized matrix‐type fentanyl patches were attached to the dorsal third of the lateral thorax of fifteen dogs for 72 hours. The two patches were attached using different techniques: Method AD used an adhesive dressing in combination with a transparent film. Method TG used tissue adhesive applied to the edges of the patch. After 72 hours the patches were removed and the proportion of the patch attached at this time calculated. The residual content of the patches was analysed using a validated gas chromatography–mass spectrometery (GC–MS) analysis technique. Results After 72 hours of continuous attachment, the mean proportion of drug uptake for method AD was 17.2 (SD ± 11.1)% and for method TG this was 16.9 (SD ± 7.3)%. The median proportion of attachment for method AD was 100% and for method TG was 95.6%. Conclusions The method of attachment did not significantly influence the uptake of fentanyl from matrix‐type patches. The method of attachment resulted in a significant difference in the proportion of the patch attached 72 hours after placement, with method AD resulting in a greater median proportion of attachment than TG. Clinical relevance The method used to attach matrix‐type fentanyl patches to dogs should not interfere with drug uptake. The residual fentanyl content remaining in these patches after 72 hours of continuous application is significant and could lead to intoxication if ingested by humans.     

Increasing transient expression of CAT gene in Porphyra haitanensis by Matrix attachment regions and 18S rDNA targeted homologous recombination

To test whether matrix attachment regions (MARs) and 18S rDNA can influence CAT gene transient expression positively in the red algae Porphyra haitanensis, a targeting vector pHR‐CAT containing a portion of the 18S rDNA from P. haitanensis, pMAR1‐HR‐CAT containing one MAR from silkworm and a portion of the 18S rDNA from P. haitanensis and pMAR2‐HR‐CAT containing two MARs from silkworm and a portion of the 18S rDNA from P. haitanensis were constructed. With the electroporation method, the vectors were transferred into the protoplasts from the thalli of P. haitanensis. The results showed that the expression of chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) protein in transformed cells reached a maximum at 96 h after transformation. It was increased markedly with the pMAR2‐HR‐CAT compared with the pHR‐CAT or the pCAT^@3‐control vector (P<0.01), and it was increased inconspicuously with pHR‐CAT compared with the pCAT^@3‐control vector (P>0.05). It is suggested that MAR from silkworm could enhance the transient expression of foreign genes in P. haitanensis.     

Hybrid vigour and gene action of two qualitative traits of flavour peppers in Nigeria

Three homozygous lines of flavour peppers (Capsicum annuum) were crossed to raise P₁, F₂, BC₁ and BC₂ generations. The parents together with the crosses gave 11 families which were tested for hybrid vigour. The mode of gene action on 2 qualitative traits, peduncle attachment type and ripe fruit colour, was investigated as they affected yield and appeal, respectively. Highly significant hybrid vigour was detected on plant height, median harvest date, number of fruits and total fruit weight per plant, but not on leaf area and fruit size. “Fleshy, strongly attached” versus “thin, easily removed” peduncles were monogenic (genes K and k). Confirmation of the gene action of “red” versus “yellow” ripe fruit colour (genes y⁺ and y) was obtained.     

瘤胃厌氧真菌对木质素含量不同底物附着及发酵特性研究

结合体外发酵和瘤胃尼龙袋法,研究了本地山羊瘤胃厌氧真菌对木质素含量不同底物(黑麦草叶、黑麦草茎、稻草秸、花生壳,木质素含量依次上升)的附着及发酵特性.结果表明,随体外发酵的进行,真菌数量逐渐增加,以黑麦草叶、黑麦草茎、稻草秸为底物时,瘤胃真菌数量均在48 h达到最大值,且真菌数量的最大值随底物木质素含量的上升呈下降趋势.显微观察显示,体外发酵前72 h附着于稻草秸表面孢子囊数量均显著高于黑麦草叶和黑麦草茎(P<0.05),而切缘孢子囊数量三者差异不显著.瘤胃内培养结果表明,稻草秸切缘和表面孢子囊数量均在48 h时最大,72 h后数量显著下降(P<0.05),而黑麦草茎切缘和表面上的孢子囊数量均在24 h 时最大,72 h后数量显著下降(P<0.05);稻草秸切缘和表面上孢子囊数量均要高于黑麦草茎上的数量.不同底物进行厌氧真菌体外发酵时其累计产气量、干物质消失率和纤维素消失率差异均不显著,但在瘤胃内培养时,各底物的干物质消失率则随底物木质素含量的上升而显著下降(P<0.05).     

病毒灭毛剂等四种杀虫剂的室内药效比较试验

用病毒灭毛剂等四种杀虫剂进行室内灭杀草原毛虫药效试验。结果表明 ,病毒灭毛剂稀释 1 0 0倍的灭效为 1 0 0 %、5 0 0倍的灭效为 95 % ;杀灭灵稀释 1 0 0倍时灭效为 91 .5 % ,来福灵稀释 1 0 0倍的灭效为87.5 %。病毒灭毛剂灭效最好 ,敌杀死次之 ,杀灭灵和来福灵均较差。病毒灭毛剂是一种安全、经济、有效的生物药剂 ,充分利用和推广病毒灭毛剂对草地植被和环境保护具有重要意义     

几种物质使刺参脱离附着基效果的比较

水温4～10℃时于1L塑料瓶(容水800mL)中放入5头体质量0.5～7.4g的刺参,适应24h后加入不同体积(质量)分数的酒精(99.7%分析纯)(0%、0.5%、1.0%、2.0%、5.0%、10.0%)、氯化钾(99.7%分析纯)(0.00%、0.40%、0.60%、0.80%、0.10%、1.20%)、氯化钠(99.7%分析纯)(盐度45.0、50.0、55.0、60.0、65.0、80.0、100)和复方中草药(分苗灵)(1∶100、1∶200、1∶300、1∶400、1∶500、1∶600)溶液,观察刺参附着力的变化及化皮率。试验结果表明,酒精体积分数在2.0%以下时,刺参的自动脱落率达90%以上,高于2.0%时,化皮率明显增加。在盐度55.0以下浸泡20min后,刺参的自动脱落率随盐度的升高而上升,12℃时比8℃时增加了近30%。当分苗灵与海水的质量之比为1∶300以下时,刺参在其中浸泡30min后,脱落率最高,浸泡60min 90%以上的刺参脱落,未出现化皮、吐肠等异常现象,分苗后不用再进行消毒处理。     

酵母双杂交系统用于WSSV粘附蛋白VP37相关蛋白基因的研究

为研究WSSV的粘附蛋白VP37相关蛋白的基因，应用酵母双杂交系统Ⅲ筛选中国明对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)鳃细胞全长cDNA文库。构建VP37基因的重组载体PGBKT7-VP37，把它转化酵母Y187后与含文库质粒的酵母AH109配合，在营养缺陷培养基上进行双杂交筛选。经过PCR鉴定确定了1个阳性克隆。测定该段cDNA序列并进行生物信息学分析，结果显示，此cDNA片段编码的蛋白与蛋白酶的同源性较高，该蛋白在WSSV识别并结合宿主的过程中所起的作用还有待于进一步研究。成功筛选了VP37相关蛋白的cDNA片段，为研究WSSV入侵以及感染致病的机制等方面提供了新线索。     

附着基的形状、粗糙度和颜色对仿刺参幼体附着的影响

在水温21℃～22℃下,将仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）耳状幼体放养在6个30 L的塑料水槽中,密度为303个.L-1,投喂盐藻（Dunaliella salina）和牟氏角毛藻（Chaetoceros müelleri）的混合液。培育至樽形幼体前,放入10 cm×10 cm的聚乙烯波纹板和聚乙烯平板;这些板表面光滑、粗糙（具沟,沟间距为500 um）和较粗糙（沟间距250 nm）;或贴上绿、黑、黄、红和蓝5种颜色的聚乙烯贴纸,以无贴纸的透明附着基为对照。结果表明,附着10 d后,波纹板上附着的仿刺参幼体数量比平板上高68.76%,差异极其显著（t=7.131〉2.804,df=23）;光滑附着基表面上仿刺参幼体的附着量分别比粗糙和较粗糙附着基高267.42%和32.34%,与粗糙附着基差异显著;红色和黑色附着基的幼体附着量比对照组高84.52%和37.49%,与对照组差异极显著,且随培育时间的延长促附着效果越明显。不同形状、粗糙度和颜色的附着基表面仿刺参幼体的附着率均随着时间的推移而下降,附着后5~6d时最甚。仿刺参刚刚开始附着1～2d未长出管足,附着5d时,大部分只长出1个管足,10d时,大部分生长出两个管足。