刺槐数量性状的主成分分析及分类

刺槐20个数量性状主成分分析研究结果表明:前5个主成分累计贡献率达85.93％,数量性状可分为4大类群,类群内部因子是正相关,类群之间因子是负相关或不相关。根据主成分因子负荷量及其主要指标组合,至少可看出5个因子对立木的作用。采用相关系数矩阵进行分类,优于用协方差矩阵进行分类。     

玉米11个ZmbZIP基因的鉴定及表达特征分析

以玉米自交系郑58为试验材料,利用生物信息学方法和qPCR技术,设置200 mmol/L NaCl、20%PEG6000、4 ℃低温和硝态氮或铵态氮缺乏等胁迫试验,对11个ZmbZIP基因进行生物信息学分析,探测这些基因应答低温、干旱、盐害、缺氮等胁迫时的响应表达模式。系统进化树分析结果表明,11个ZmbZIP基因可以细分为2个亚组;qPCR分析结果表明,不同亚组的ZmbZIP基因在玉米不同组织中呈现不同的表达特征,同一亚组的基因呈现类似的表达模式,反映了ZmbZIP基因在玉米生长发育进程中生物学功能的保守性和分化性。人为模拟盐、干旱、低温和氮缺乏等胁迫的结果表明,ZmbZIP基因受到各种逆境因子的广泛调控,亚组I中的ZmbZIP1、ZmbZIP6和ZmbZIP13的表达量同时受NaCl溶液胁迫诱导而上调(相对表达量上调2倍),受PEG6000胁迫抑制下调;亚组II中的ZmbZIP38、ZmbZIP77、ZmbZIP112和ZmbZIP124同时受盐、PEG6000和低温胁迫诱导上调,硝态氮缺乏胁迫抑制ZmbZIP1、ZmbZIP6和ZmbZIP134基因表达,而铵态氮缺乏胁迫下,这3个基因表达明显上调,推测这些基因广泛参与应答逆境胁迫响应途径。     

林木组培工厂化育苗技术的研究

叙述了建立一间年产１００万株林木组培苗育苗工厂的情况。对实施林木工厂化育苗的技术路线，关键技术和几个生产工艺流程进行了论述，并对工厂的组成部分及设施，瓶苗大量移栽技术及组培苗苗圃管理等进行了较系统的研究。     

干旱地区次生盐碱地主要造林树种抗盐指标的确定及耐盐能力排序

我国西北干旱地区次生盐碱地的主要造林树种的抗盐碱上限指标：新疆杨可以在土壤含盐量＜ｇ／Ｌ时生长正常；杜梨＜４ｇ／Ｌ；；柠条＜７ｇ／Ｌ；花棒＜５ｇ／Ｌ；沙棘＜６ｇ／Ｌ；沙枣＜４ｇ／Ｌ；枸杞＜７ｇ／Ｌ；梭梭＜３０－５０ｇ／Ｌ；胡杨＜８ｇ／Ｌ；树柳＜５０ｇ／Ｌ；杨柴＜６ｇＬ。     

火炬松木材基本密度的株内变异

利用６株２７年生火炬松伐倒木解析材料,分析木材基本密度的株内变异规律。结果表明,各年龄基本密度及相应的自髓心的断面基本密度的径向变异表现为,在各断面高度随距髓心年轮数的增加而增大,到一定年轮数后增加趋缓;纵向变异则为自干基向上迅速下降,３￣５ｍ高度以上保持相对稳定。相关分析表明各部位及相应的断面木材基本密度值ＢＤ与距髓心的年轮数Ｒ和其高度Ｈ位置有关,可用ＢＤ＝ａ＋ｂ／Ｒ＋ｃ／Ｈ来拟合两者的株内变化     

苹果轮纹病菌与干腐病菌的研究

从不同品种、不同地点的苹果树上的轮纹斑、干腐斑及病枯枝取样,观察到苹果轮纹病菌与苹果干腐病菌的有性阶段的形态特征容易区分,无性阶段在形态特征上不易区分。经人工接种,两种病原菌在果实上引起的症状相同。经测定,两菌的生物学特性及酯酶同工酶有差异,两菌的菌丝能融合。     

稳态气孔计与其它3种方法蒸腾测值的比较研究

１９８９－１９９２年,分别在山东（鲁克斯扬）与宁夏（合作杨）人工林中,用３种方法（快速称量法、热脉冲法和整树容器法）多次对比了气孔计测值的变化。结果表明,气孔计测值恒大于实际蒸腾值。根据１０次１０２６个样本比较,气孔计测值约为自然蒸腾值的１．３－３．２倍,平均为２．６４９倍,其平均校正系数为０．３７７５,干旱地区为０．６４５２,较湿润地区为０．３４０７,此值可作为蒸腾耗水研究的参考。     

Comparative productivity of Prosopis cineraria and Tecomella undulata based agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert

Tree-crop interactions were monitored by measuring tree growth characters of Prosopis cineraria L. and Tecomella undulata L. and yields of Vigna radiata (L) in agroforestry systems in degraded lands of Indian Desert. Potential competition for resource between the trees and associated crop was analyzed by measuring soil water contents, soil organic matters and NH₄-N at different depths of soil layers i.e., 0–25 cm, 25–50 cm and 50–75 cm in the experimental plots. The plots size were 16 m × 18 m (D₁), 20 m × 18 m (D₂) and 32 m × 18 m (D₃) with tree densities of 208, 138 and 104 trees·ha⁻¹ after June 2002, respectively. Results showed that tree height increased by 3% to 7% during June 2002 to June 2004. Collar diameter increased by 30% and 11% in D₁, 23% and 19% in D₂ and 18% and 36% in D₃ plots, respectively, in P. cineraria and T. undulata in two years period. The increase in crown diameter was 9% to 18% in P. cineraria and 11% to 16% in T. undulata. Tree growth was relatively greater in 2002 than in 2003. Yield of V. radiata increased linearly from D₁ to D₃ plots. Lowest soil water content at 1 m distance from tree base indicated greater utilization of soil water within the tree rooting zone. Concentrations of soil organic matters and NH₄-N were the highest (p<0.05) in 0–25 cm soil layer. P. cineraria was more beneficial than T. undulata in improving soil conditions and increasing crop yield by 11.1% and thus more suitable for its integration in agricultural land. The yield of agricultural crop increased when density of tree species was appropriate (i.e., optimum tree density), though it varied with tree size and depended upon resource availability. The result indicated bio-economic benefits of optimum density of P. cineraria and T. undulata over traditional practices of maintaining random trees in farming system in arid zones. Biography: G. Singh (1961– ), male, Scientist E and Head, Division of Forest Ecology, Arid Forest Research Institute, New Pali Road, Jodhpur-342005, India.     

新围垦滩涂防护林树种选择及造林关键技术研究

新围垦滩涂防护林树种选择及造林一直是林业科研生产中的难点之一。在防护林树种试验过程中,依据生态学原理,通过采用一系列生物、工程和管理措施,提高了造林试验树种的成活率,探索出入侵生物水葫芦的应用途径及特困立地造林的有效措施,也为沿海防护林体系建设提供了可借鉴的经验。     

水分胁迫对新红星苹果幼树光合作用的影响

水分胁迫对新红星苹果幼树光合作用影响的研究表明:水分胁迫条件下,新红星苹果幼树净光合速率随叶片水势的降低存在阈值现象,叶片净光合速率下降的临界水势为-2.03MPa.对新红星苹果幼树灌溉的临界土壤含水量轻壤土为9.78％;暗呼吸及光呼吸速率与叶水势降低的关系,呈现先升高而后下降的曲线类型;严重的水分胁迫可以引起叶绿素含量下降。