四种嵩草属植物叶片酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术，对四种嵩草属植物－小嵩草（ｋｏｂｒｅｓｉａｐｙｇｍ－ａｅａ）、矮嵩草（Ｋ．ｈｕｍｉｌｉｓ）线叶嵩草（Ｋ．ｃａｐｉｌｌｉｆｏｌｉａ）和嵩草（Ｋ．ｂｅｌｌａｄｉｉ）的叶片酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶进行分析。试验结果显示，四个种的酯酶同工酶泳动成两大区域，Ｒｆ值分别为０．３８～０．８６和０．０８，过氧化物酶同工酶泳动形成５个区域，Ｒｆ值分别为０．９７，０．６８～０．７７，０．５２～０．６３，０．２９～０．３７和０．０８。酶谱比较结果表明，嵩草和线叶嵩草亲缘关系较近，而二者同小嵩草、矮嵩草间，以及小嵩草同矮嵩草之间亲缘关系较远。     

Somatic Fusion for Breeding of Tetraploid Potatoes

From two tetraploid, one Transformed tetraploid, one triploid and 11 dihaploid clones of Solanum tuberosum somatic hybrids were produced by polyethylene glycol mediated somatic fusion. The inter-dihaploid clones comprised clones of agronomic value, homozygous doubled monohaploids, and in vitro selected clones resistant t0 Fusarium or Phytophthora toxins. Presumptive hybrids were enriched at the callus Stage in vitro by using differentiating media and by growth characteristics; further identification was performed by chromosome counting in vitro shoots and by isozyme analysis of in vitro plants. Final analysis was made from morphological characteristic of plant and tuber phenotypes. From 15 different combinations, 6009 plantlets have been regenerated. From five combinations, 310 reentrants were checked for hybrid nature by morphology and cytology and 88 by peroxidase and esterase isozyme analyses. Amongst these, from two combinations, a total of 17 different hybrids were confirmed by all methods. The procedures described are general enough to allow genome combination of interdihaploids resulting in tetraploids of practical breeding value.     

四川野生扁穗牛鞭草过氧化物酶同工酶分析

对四川的22份野生扁穗牛鞭草进行过氧化物酶同工酶分析,结果表明:(1)与品种“广益”、“重高”相比,野生材料有较丰富的遗传多样性;(2)Rf=0.069、0.610、0.937三条带是所有材料共有的,但是否为扁穗牛鞭草的特征带尚需要进一步研究;(3)聚类分析结果表明,来源相同、生境相似的野生材料的亲缘关系较近,但来源相同、生境不同的材料的酶谱有较大差异。     

宝巾(Bougainvillea spp.)种质资源同工酶的遗传多样性分析

[目的]分析深圳本地12种宝巾种质资源的遗传多样性。[方法]利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法研究宝巾种质资源过氧化物同工酶(POD)和酯酶同工酶(EST)的遗传多样性,并对统计结果进行聚类分析。[结果]各宝巾种质资源间有丰富的遗传多样性,在相似系数为0.63水平上可以聚为2大类。[结论]同工酶的特征谱带应用于品种鉴定是可行的,在一定程度上明确了各宝巾品种的亲缘关系。     

荔枝转基因抗性胚性愈伤组织的酯酶同工酶分析

通过对荔枝转基因抗性胚性愈伤组织(EC)的酯酶(EST)同工酶分析发现,9个转基因抗性EC的EST同工酶谱带没有差异,并且与对照的未转化HX30的细胞系差异也不大,这表明荔枝胚性愈伤组织的酯酶同工酶具有保守性,并未受到转基因的影响,可以作为不同荔枝品种转基因材料混杂鉴定的标记。     

蝴蝶和蝗虫肠道共生菌次生代谢产物的分离

采用分光光度计法测定低温处理后椰心叶甲啮小蜂（Tetrastichus brontispae）成虫体内3种保护酶活性的变化。结果表明,椰心叶甲啮小蜂成蜂受到低温胁迫后体内CAT、POD和SOD分别在10 ℃和-2 ℃出现两个高峰,酶活性总体水平高于对照。-2 ℃时,3个处理时间的CAT、POD和SOD活性最高,其中,CAT、SOD活性差异性显著。由于各种酶的特性不同,它们对低温应激处理时间的反应亦不同,SOD在处理12 h时酶活性最高,而CAT与POD在24 h时酶活性最高。     

Differential structure and physiological response to canker challenge between ‘Meiwa’ kumquat and ‘Newhall’ navel orange with contrasting resistance

Asiatic citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) is one of the most detrimental diseases affecting citrus production. ‘Meiwa’ kumquat (Fortunella crassifolia) and ‘Newhall’ navel orange (Citrus sinensis) are two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance. In the current study, efforts were made to perform pairwise comparison between them in terms of structural difference and biochemical response to Xcc attack. Pinprick inoculation demonstrated that ‘Meiwa’ had lower disease incidence rate and smaller lesion size, concurrent with significantly less bacterial number at the inoculation sites relative to ‘Newhall’. Microscopic observation demonstrated that stomatal density and size of ‘Meiwa’ were significantly smaller than ‘Newhall’. Stomatal apertures of ‘Meiwa’ were smaller than ‘Newhall’ measured at 2 h after their leaves were immersed in Xcc suspension, consistent with the bacteria number in the internal tissues counted at 4 d. Epicuticular wax content of ‘Meiwa’ was significantly higher than that of ‘Newhall’, while no difference in palisade and spongy tissue was observed between them. Enzymatic activity assay showed that after Xcc inoculation, ‘Meiwa’ exhibited significantly higher activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in comparison with ‘Newhall’ at most of the sampling time points. Our data showed that the two genotypes with contrasting Xcc resistance exhibited clear difference in the structure and physiological response, which may provide information to facilitate our understanding of Xcc resistance.     

黄芩过氧化物酶同工酶几种酶液提取方法的比较

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对黄芩(Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi)萌发的种子,愈伤组织,悬浮细胞及幼苗过氧化物酶几种酶液提取方法进行比较.结果表明:各种酶液提取方法对不同部位的同工酶提取效果不同.同工酶是研究植物多样性的有力工具,过氧化物酶则是广泛存在于植物体内的一种重要的同工酶,能反映植物生长发育特点、体内代谢状况及对外界环境的适应.     

两种诱雄剂对黄瓜植株保护酶类活性的影响

通过测定AgNO_3和Ag_2S_2O_3两种诱雄剂对黄瓜雌性系h154,151和普通系h002植株保护酶类活性的影响,结果表明,茎尖中的POD,CAT活性较对照都有所升高,处理48 h时酶活性达到最高,POD活性增幅分别为164-4%,133.5%,241.5%和23.1%,16.5%,57.2%;CAT活性增幅分别为91.3%,95.7%,113.5%和69.6%,64.3%,82.4%。AgNO_3处理黄瓜幼苗后SOD活性先下降,后升高,处理120 h时,SOD活性达到最高,增幅分别为75.3%,65.2%,30.7%和27.2%,36.9%,16.2%。     

大豆抗源抗SCN过程中POD酶动态分析

能动地大豆抗源抗孢囊线虫（ＳＣＮ）过程中过的氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活性和酶谱的变化研究,探讨了大豆抗源在抗病过程中是通过提高体内ＰＯＤ酶活性来抵御ＳＣＮ的侵染,抗源品种ＰＯＤ活性和酶谱呈动态变化。在侵染高峰期（３０￣３５ｄ）,高抗抗原体内ＰＯＤ酶活性最强,酶谱着色较深;而感病品种在侵染高峰期ＰＯＤ酶活性降至最低值,且一些酶带受损以至消失。另外,证实了ＰＯＤ酶在抗病过程中参与木质素的合成。抗病过程中酶活