Genetic control of isozymes in Carica papaya L.

The genetic control of isozymes was investigated in papaya. Out of six buffer systems tested, Histidine-citrate pH 6.5 gave the most consistent and greatest number of well-resolved enzymes. Nine enzyme systems (ACO, IDH, MDH, PGM, PGI, SKD, TPI, UGP, 6-PGD) out of 28 were resolved. Based on the initial screening of 131 accessions of papaya from Central and South America for electromorph variants, parents were selected for various combinations of controlled crosses. These controlled crosses were then used to elucidate the inheritance of isozymes in papaya. Evidence of Mendelian inheritance was obtained for eight out of nine polymorphic loci: Aco-1, Aco-2, Pgi-2, Pgm-1, Skd, Tpi-1, Tpi-2, and Ugp. No controlled cross was available to study the genetic control of the polymorphic locus Pgm-2. Because they were not variable in all accessions included in this study, the loci Idh, Mdh-1, Mdh-2, and 6-Pgd, were also not examined by segregation analysis. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

盐胁迫下大豆小真叶愈伤组织过氧化和酶活性的变化

大豆小真叶愈伤组织在含NaCl 0 % (ck)、0 4%、0 8%、1 2 %、1 6%的培养基中进行 2 4、48、72h短时间培养和 1 6、2 0、2 4d长时间培养 ,结果表明 ,愈伤组织对盐胁迫都有过氧化物酶活性升高的适应性反应。短时间培养 ,高盐比低盐酶活升高快 ,且值高 ;长时间培养 ,低盐比高盐酶活升高幅度大。     

10个苜蓿品种过氧化物同工酶（POD）分析

采用垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，对10个苜蓿品种的根和叶作过氧化物酶（POD）同工酶分析。研究表明，不同器官酶谱带数目、迁移率（R）、酶活性及分布特征均有不同程度的差异。不同品种间酶谱带有较大差异，初步探讨了10个品种间亲缘关系。     

镧对酸雨胁迫下高粱种子萌发及POD活性和MDA含量的影响

本文以高粱"熊杂9号"为对象,采用模拟酸雨伤害的常规种子实验方法,研究稀土镧对酸雨胁迫下高梁种子萌发及过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响.结果显示,12 mg·L-1La(Ⅲ)浸种后,可明显缓解酸雨对高梁种子萌发的抑制作用,高粱种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数较未处理组升高,而异状发芽率降低,pH 2.5时变化幅度最明显.pH 2.0时由于酸雨使种子内部结构严重破坏,La(Ⅲ)的加入已无法缓解酸雨引发的伤害.La(Ⅲ)处理组MDA含量和POD活性均低于未处理组.上述结果表明,La(Ⅲ)可通过调节POD活性减轻酸雨胁迫引发的膜脂过氧化,缓解酸雨对种子萌发的抑制作用.     

调亏灌溉和施氮对玉米叶片保护系统的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同生育期亏水和氮肥处理对春玉米叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量、可溶性糖(SS)含量、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果表明,调亏灌溉可使玉米叶片MDA和SS含量明显升高,而使POD和SOD活性有所降低.施氮处理能保证叶片在抽雄期前SS含量、SOD和POD活性处于较高水平.MDA含量与灌水和施氮水平呈负相关,拔节后期达最大值,之后减小.从苗期到拔节后期,调亏灌溉施氮处理的可溶性糖含量较高,而高氮持续亏水处理可导致可溶性糖含量降低.POD活性到拔节后期达到最大,抽雄期有所降低.亏水处理明显降低了叶片POD活性,复水后补偿效应明显.施氮可适当提高POD活性,但抽穗亏水和全生育期亏水高氮处理在抽雄期的酶活性降低.SOD活性的变化趋势和POD相似.苗期亏水处理在复水后各生理生化指标补偿效果较好,拔节期亏水处理次之.高氮处理不宜在抽雄期调亏灌溉.调亏灌溉和施氮的最佳处理组合为苗期调亏低氮处理.     

Characterization of isozymes in Salvia columbariae

Summary Salvia columbariae is a herbaceous annual species which has potential for domestication as a new source of industrial oil. Isozyme markers provide a mean by which this process may be facilitated. Isozyme survey of field grown Salvia columbariae plants showed variation for malate dehydrogenase (MDH), phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI), and phosphogllucomutase (PGM). Selfed seed was obtained from the field and was grown in the greenhouse for segregation analyses. Electrophoretic results indicated that MDH was variable at zone 1, showing presence or absence of a band. The observed segregation ratio was not significantly different from expected ratio for Pgi-4 and Pgm-3 isozymes, indicating monogenic control of the two loci. Pgi-4 locus was heterozygous for a null allele. Cross dimerization between the allozyme Pgi-3 and Pgi-4 loci resulted in an intergenic band for this isozyme system.Abbreviations ACO aconitase - ADH alcohol dehydrogenase - DTT-DL dithiothreitol - FDH formate dehydrogenase - GOT glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase - IDH isocitric dehydrogenase - MDH malate dehydrogenase - MNR menadione reductase - 6PGD 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase - PGI phosphoglucose isomerase - PGM phosphoglucomutase - PVP-40 polyvinylpyrrolidone - SKDH shikimate dehydrogenase - TPI triosephosphate isomerase     

山海关杨一变异株的发现和初步认证

在山海关杨的实生繁育过程中偶得一优株,其速生性表现突出。通过对其生物学性状、碳代谢能力、氮代谢能力及生物氧化能力等指标的测定分析,并与普通山海关杨进行比较,各指标皆表现出显著差异。过氧化物酶同工酶分析表明,二者之间也具有明显的差异。初步认定该优株为山海关杨在实生繁殖过程中产生的一优良速生变异,暂定名新山海关杨。     

陆地棉品种抗盐细胞系筛选研究

对陆地棉品种新陆早1号、新陆早7号愈伤组织抗盐细胞系的筛选进行了研究,初步获得了新陆早7号抗85.6 mmol/l NaCl的稳定细胞系,并通过酯酶同工酶、过氧化物酶同工酶电泳图谱初步证实.     

二色胡枝子品种SOD、POD同工酶的酶谱分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳技术对延边和赤城胡枝子进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶分析。结果表明,两个品种SOD同工酶在茎、叶、荚果和种子内的酶带数、酶带迁移率、酶活性强弱(酶带染色的深浅)均十分相近;POD同工酶除了在花蕾期,延边胡枝子的叶片比赤城胡枝子多一条A带外,其余各期、各部位在谱带数、带型、酶带迁移率、酶活性方面都表现出相似的特点。     

重修剪对衰老茶树保护酶影响的研究

以湖南农业大学茶园26年生无性系品种政和大白茶、梅占、毛蟹为研究对象,对其进行重修剪处理,研究重修剪对保护酶系[超氧物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)]的影响,并就重修剪茶树的保护酶活性随叶龄增大的动态变化进行了探讨。结果表明：重修剪对衰老茶树的保护酶活性影响较大,重修剪处理与对照的酶活性差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01);重修剪后茶树SOD活性提高,CAT活性下降,POD活性变化既与叶龄有关又与品种有关。