A male-fertile Lycopersicon esculentum × Solanum lycopersicoides hybrid enables direct backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level

Solanum lycopersicoides Dun. is a wild nightshade native to Chile and Peru that possesses many traits of potential interest to tomato breeders, including environmental stress tolerance, resistances to disease and insect pests, and certain fruit quality characteristics. Sexual and somatic hybrids with the cultivated tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) are readily obtained, yet have a strong tendency towards male-sterility combined with unilateral incompatibility, barriers that have deterred breeding efforts in the past. We report herein the synthesis of a partially male-fertile F₁ hybrid by sexual crosses between tomato and a recently collected population of S. lycopersicoides. Over 280 BC₁ plants were obtained by directed backcrossing to tomato at the diploid level, of which 58 were sufficiently fertile to permit selfing or additional backcrosses. The transmission of S. lycopersicoides genetic markers into a uniform L. esculentum background was confirmed with 24 isozyme or morphological loci on 11 of the 12 alien chromosomes. Potentially useful tolerance to gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) was demonstrated by inoculation of stem cuttings with mycelial plugs: at 6 days post-inoculation, the intergeneric hybrid showed little evidence of disease progression and the length of stem lesions averaged only one third that of susceptible controls. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Genetics of allozyme variants and linkage groups in lentil

Summary The genetics of 8 electrophoretically detectable enzymes in lentil was examined. The enzyme systems glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, malic enzyme, phosphoglucomutase, alcohol dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, shikimic dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were assayed. The allozymes at each of the studied loci behaved in a codominant manner and segregated in the expected Mendelian fashion. Linkage tests between these loci and an additional morphological trait revealed two linkage groups that involved 5 loci, the rest were independent of each other.     

Factorial regression analysis of genotype by environment interaction in ryegrass populations, using both isozyme and climatic data as covariates

A sample of 58 natural ryegrass populations (Lolium perenne L.) from the French and Spanish oceanic coast was evaluated for three seasonal growth traits (i.e. spring, autumn and winter vigour traits) in 5 evaluation sites (three in France and two in Spain). This sample showed a high level of genotype (population) × environment (evaluation sites) interactions for the three agronomic traits. A factor regression analysis, using both isozyme frequencies of populations and climatic factors of evaluation sites as covariates, was carried out on a sub-sample of 30 populations in order to explain these interactions. This method succeeded in explaining most population × location interactions by the product of two covariates. For instance, for spring vigour trait, 72.8% of the interaction term could be explained by the use of two covariates: the PGI2-20 allelic frequency of populations and the minimum temperature of the coldest month of evaluation sites. This study shows the advantage of such a method for plant breeders who need to identify promising ryegrass populations for their breeding objectives. A number of genetic and evolutionary hypotheses are also discussed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

几个唐菖蒲品种过氧化物酶同工酶初探

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳对8个唐菖蒲品种的叶片、花瓣和花药中的过氧化物同工酶进行分析。结果表明：叶片有9条酶带、花瓣5条、花药6条；1号和5号品种与其他品种的亲缘关系较远；2、3、4号品种亲缘关系较近；6、7、8号品种亲缘关系较近，但它们又存在遗传差异。并根据电泳显示的各品种条带分布，绘出唐菖蒲3个部位的酶谱类型图及UPGMA聚类图。     

持续高温处理对华北落叶松的影响

为扩大华北落叶松的栽培、引种范围,我们对其进行了不同时间段的高温处理,测量其叶绿素、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、抗逆性,分析它们的变化规律,从而分析华北落叶松对持续高温的适应性。结果表明:(1)随着高温处理时间的延长,叶绿素的绝对含量下降,相对含量上升;(2)不同处理条件下,随着时间的延长,超氧化物歧化酶的活性逐渐上升,抗逆性增强,后又趋于稳定;(3)随着高温处理时间的延长,过氧化物酶的活性呈波浪型,而丙二醛的含量则是先逐渐上升,后又下降。     

不同砧木锦橙叶片过氧化物酶活性与植株生长结果的关系

 不同砧木锦橙叶片过氧化物酶(POX)活性存在着差异,半矮化砧上锦橙叶片POX活性显着高于乔化砧,叶片POX活性与树高、干粗、节长、树冠体积等生长势指标呈负相关,与叶片质量、光合强度及果实产量呈正相关.因此,可把叶片POX活性作为砧木对嫁接丰产品种性及矮化性早期预测的辅助生化指标.     

苹果叶片感染褐斑病过程中过氧化物酶同工酶变化的研究

 应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳,测定抗性不同的3个苹果品种过氧化物酶同工酶在接种褐斑病菌(Marssonina coronaria)后的变化规律。结果表明:苹果过氧化物酶同工酶在整个病程中呈类似常态曲线变化,症状出现时酶活性达最高峰,品种越感病,变化越强烈,表现在接种初期第12酶带增加早、增加量大;发病后期酶带数目比抗病品种减少更多。上述性状对病情诊断和幼苗抗性鉴定有参考价值。     

香菇菌株亲缘关系的研究

以12个香菇菌株为材料进行了亲缘关系的研究.结果表明,以菌株的拮抗作用、酯酶同工酶和子实体氨基酸组成等综合鉴定菌株之间的亲缘关系是一种较为可靠的方法.12个菌株有不同的起源,其亲缘关系的远近与地理分布有明显的联系.同一类型菌株之间的差异是对不同生态环境长期适应、人工选择和杂交育种的结果.