高矮秆夏谷发育差异与其叶片POD酶谱变化的相关研究

研究了高矮秆夏谷不同发育时期叶片过氧化物酶同工酶 (POD)酶谱变化及其地上部植体动态发育、干物质积累的变化。结果表明 ,谷子叶片 POD酶谱的苗期和抽穗期酶带最丰富 ,高矮秆谷子在孕穗后的发育和灌浆过程中的干物质积累不同。酶谱中的 B1 、C1 和 C2 带与其生长发育有关 ;A2 、A3带与成株期株高有关。高矮秆材料的发育差异可在其叶片的 POD上表达出来     

小麦抗纹枯病鉴定及其方法研究

河南省推广的12个小麦品种抗纹枯病能力有明显差异,但无免疫和高抗品种。其中豫麦2号、鄂恩1号、冀麦5418和宛7107为抗病品种,病情级值0.66～0.90;扬麦5号、豫麦10号、百农3217和信阳861为中抗品种,病情级值1.1～1.33;豫麦17号和豫麦13号为感病品种,病情级值1.78～1.95;豫麦16号和西安8号为高感品种,病情级值2.0～2.8。12个小麦品种过氧化物酶同功酶电泳分析结果表明,在接种纹枯病菌前后,小麦品种的酶带数因抗病力强弱而有不同的变化,抗病能力越强,酶谱变化越小。     

H2O2 Accumulation in Sunflower Leaves as a Consequence of Iron Deprivation

Abstract

The present work aimed at evaluating in sunflower leaves: the relationship between Fe‐deficiency and the possible accumulation of H₂O₂; the activity of some extracellular enzymatic and non‐enzymatic systems involved in H₂O₂ production and scavenging. Iron‐deficient leaves exhibited a significant H₂O₂ accumulation, monitored at extracellular level by electron microscopy analysis. Such an increase in H₂O₂ level could derive from the significant decrease in extracellular ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activity, accompanied by a lower APX protein content detected by immuno‐electrophoresis. Also, extracellular ascorbic acid content was significantly affected by Fe‐deficiency, implying a reduced capacity for H₂O₂ scavenging. The contribute of peroxidases (PODs) involved in lignification process in keeping H₂O₂ levels under the toxic threshold was dependent on their subcellular location: the activity of covalently‐bound (CB) isoforms being increased while that of ionically‐bound (IB) ones decreased. NAD(P)H oxidation activity, known to produce H₂O₂, was found to decrease in apoplastic fluid and IB fraction and to slightly increase in the CB fraction. In conclusion, H₂O₂ accumulation observed in Fe‐deficient sunflower leaves seems to be mostly due to a reduced scavenging capacity of ASA, APX, and PODs, although the possibility of increased H₂O₂ production cannot be excluded.     

Effect of Iron Deficiency on Gas Exchange and Catalase and Peroxidase Activity in Citrus

Abstract

The effects of iron (Fe) deficiency on catalase and peroxidase activity, net photosynthesis (Pn), stomatal conductance (g _s ), plant water relations, and specific leaf weight, were studied under greenhouse conditions in two sweet orange (C. sinensis) cultivars grafted on sour orange (Citrus aurantium) and Swingle citrumelo (C. paradisi × P. trifoliata). Iron deficiency caused by the absence of Fe in the Hoagland nutrient solution reduced significantly catalase and peroxidase activity, photosynthesis (Pn), osmotic potential (Ψ _π ), turgor potential (Ψ _p ), and specific leaf weight, but did not influence g _s and leaf water potential (Ψ _L ). Iron deficiency caused by increasing concentrations of bicarbonate supplied as NaHCO₃ (10 and 40 mM) in the nutrient solution reduced significantly g _s , Pn, and Ψ _p and increased Ψ _L and Ψ _π . Furthermore, remarkable differences were recorded between the various cultivars/rootstocks combinations.     

阿魏菇的酯酶同工酶测定

对阿魏菇和糙皮侧耳采用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板电泳法，进行酯酶同工酶分析，结果表明野生和栽培的阿魏菇酯酶同工酶谱相同，酶活性稳定，Ｅ２、Ｅ３酶带活性强，是阿魏菇的特征带，可作为种的鉴别的重要参考。     

油菜叶绿体同工酶的研究

本实验采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶盘状电泳的方法和酶电游图谱扫描以及对酶液中酶活和蛋白质含量的测定,研究了杂种油菜F_1(S45×81008—34)及其亲本在初花期的叶绿体过氧化物酶同工酶。结果表明:(1)过氧化物酶同工酶在叶绿体中是真实存在的。(2)F_1叶绿体的过氧化物酶同工酶图谱显示出杂种油菜F_1不仅具有它的亲本的互补酶而且还具有它的亲本没有的杂种酶,它明显地表现出杂种优势。(3)杂种油菜F_1的酶液中的酶活及蛋白质的含量皆高于它的亲本的酶活和蛋白质含量。     

多胺对光下离体玉米叶片细胞保护酶活性的影响

本文以水培玉米幼苗为材料，研究了多胺(精胺与亚精胺)对其离体叶片衰老过程中细胞保护酶活性的影响。结果表明，SOD、POD和CAT活性随时间延长而降低，精胺和亚精胺处理增加POD和CAT活性，且精胺的效果比亚精胺明显。亚精胺抑制SOD活性，在处理的前两天精胺对SOD活性也有抑制作用，但3天后促进SOD活性。叶绿素和可溶性蛋白含量亦随时间递增而降低，精胺和亚精胺能阻止叶绿素和可溶性蛋白的降解。     

Concentration-dependent effect of salicylic acid application on wheat seedling resistance to take-all fungus, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gaeumannomyces graminis</Emphasis> var. <Emphasis Type="Italic">tritici</Emphasis>

Application of 0.1 and 0.2 mM salicylic acid (SA) significantly reduced take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) and increased the root and shoot lengths and biomass, whereas 0.5 and 1 mM SA had no significant effect. The effective SA concentrations also increased the activities of soluble peroxidase (SPOX) and cell-wall-bound peroxidase (CWPOX) and the concentration of total phenolic compounds. SPOX activity was highest at days 4 and 3 in healthy roots and those inoculated with Ggt, respectively, and that of CWPOX at day 6 in both healthy and inoculated roots. The concentration of phenolic compound was also highest at day 3 in both healthy roots and those inoculated with Ggt. The results indicate that the protective effect of SA depends on certain concentrations which increase peroxidase activity and phenolic compounds accumulation in the wheat roots; higher SA concentrations did not differ from the controls.     

松嫩草原盐碱土过氧化物酶活性及其与肥力因素的关系

2007年5-9月,对松嫩草原盐碱土过氧化物酶活性及肥力因素进行测定,为改良利用盐碱草地提供理论依据。结果表明:研究样地内过氧化物酶活性变化范围较大,8月份变异系数最高;随着植被盖度的增加,酶活性呈现逐渐降低的趋势;在植被生长季内酶活性5月较高,而在8月较低;过氧化物酶活性和全氮呈显著负相关;和速效磷、全盐、pH值有显著的正相关关系;和其他肥力因素相关性因月份而异。主成份分析结果表明可以用过氧化物酶活性作为盐碱土肥力变化的指示指标。     

陇东野生紫花苜蓿的遗传特异性分析

为初步判定陇东野生紫花苜蓿(Native Medicago sativa L. cv. Longdong)的遗传特异性,及与其他苜蓿材料的亲缘关系,借助垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对包括该材料在内的41个紫花苜蓿材料进行POD同工酶酶谱特征分析。结果表明:供试材料共出现22条酶带,最多9条,最少5条;陇东野生紫花苜蓿出现6条酶带,其特征谱带为Rf0.26;将0,1二态性矩阵转化为遗传距离矩阵进行聚类,陇东野生紫花苜蓿单独聚为一类。聚类分析的结果表明,陇东野生紫花苜蓿与其他40个材料存在较大的遗传差异,为其在形态学上与其他苜蓿的差异提供了有利支持。