中国5省虫茶形态学比较研究

为控制虫茶质量,用形态学分析方法对贵州、四川、云南、湖南、广西5省区虫茶从颗粒大小、颜色、形状、纹路、茶汤性质等方面进行异同点比较。结果表明：每省区虫茶的大小均随着昆虫龄期的增大而加长加宽,广西省区虫茶的基本形状为短圆柱形,颗粒表面较光滑,没有明显的主纹路,其余4省区虫茶基本形状均为长圆柱形,颗粒表面较粗糙,有明显的纹路将虫茶分为2～3节不等,各省区虫茶颗粒颜色深浅排序依次是：广西＞湖南＞四川＞贵州＞云南,研究也表明5省区虫茶茶汤颜色、口感也均有所差异。此研究为从表观形状鉴定中国虫茶的种类提供了科学依据,促进了虫茶产业规范性发展,对虫茶品质的鉴定起到引导性作用。     

Relative contribution of edge and interior zones to patch size effect on species richness: An example for woody plants

In order to understand the capacity of habitats to conserve species, many authors have searched for a species–area relationship (SAR) to evaluate the effect of patch size on species richness in habitat fragments. However, a range of different processes may underlie or obscure this relationship. For woody plant species in forest fragments, as for other taxa, considering forest edges separately in the investigation of SAR is particularly relevant. The objective of our study was to evaluate edge influence on SAR in a fragmented forest landscape in south-western France. To achieve this objective, we considered SAR in two separate spatial portions of the forest fragment: the edge and the forest interior. We also considered SAR for different ecological groups of species based on their shade tolerance and their mode of dispersal, as species can respond differently to habitat reduction depending on their ecological characteristics. In 40 woodlands in an agricultural landscape, we observed the presence/absence of all woody species along parallel walking transects 20-m wide to inventory the total number of species in each woodlot. Vegetation surveys resulted in the identification of 53 woody species, with a total of 23 trees and 30 shrubs, and a number of species per woodlot ranging from 18 to 44. The species richness found in a given woodlot was significantly correlated with its area. When considering the edge and the interior parts of the woodlot separately we found a steeper increase in species richness with area for the part we considered as the edge, compared with the increase found in the interior part of the forest. Our results confirm the contribution of forest edge to forest fragment SAR. Results also underlined the importance of two additional processes that may contribute to SAR: a possible extinction debt of shade-tolerant species in forest edge zones and colonisation by light-demanding species in forest interior zones probably due to disturbances. This approach underlines the importance of taking the edge effect into account when studying the influence of patch size on species richness and the dynamic of species richness pattern.     

预加力对钢箱梁振动特性的影响

以预应力简支钢箱梁模型试验的测试结果为基础,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS建立了普通简支钢箱梁和预应力简支钢箱梁模型,并得到模型试验的良好验证;采用有限元法分析了预加力对简支钢箱梁振动特性的影响。     

景观破碎化数量分析方法概述

（１沈阳农业大学林学院,沈阳 110161;２沈阳棋盘山国际风景旅游开发区管委会林业局,沈阳 110163）     

粳稻不同粒位上垩白及粒形与品质性状间的关系

为了研究不同粒位上籽粒垩白性状和粒形特征与其他品质性状的关系,选用直立穗型和弯曲穗型水稻为材料,按照穗部位置分为27个粒位,分析了它们之间的相关性。结果表明,不同粒位上粒形特征与垩白性状关系显著,两者都影响整精米率,粒长、粒宽、长厚比和宽厚比与整精米率呈极显著正相关,垩白粒率和垩白度与整精米率呈极显著负相关关系。粒形特征对蒸煮食味品质、营养品质和淀粉RVA谱特征有一定影响,主要表现在粒长、粒宽、长厚比和宽厚比与食味值、直链淀粉含量和胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度和崩解值极显著正相关,而与糊化温度、消减值、总蛋白、谷蛋白、清蛋白和脂肪酸含量极显著负相关。垩白性状与蒸煮食味品质、营养品质和淀粉RVA谱特征值都有密切关系,垩白粒率和垩白度与食味值、直链淀粉、胶稠度、峰值黏度、热浆黏度、崩解值、冷胶黏度、回复值和球蛋白含量极显著负相关,与糊化温度、消减值、清蛋白、醇溶蛋白、谷蛋白、总蛋白和脂肪酸含量极显著正相关。选育低垩白、高长厚比和宽厚比的籽粒是改良粳稻食味的有效途径之一。     

Spatial distribution and temporal stability of crenate broomrape (Orobanche crenata Forsk) in faba bean (Vicia faba L.): A long-term study at two localities

Long-term field studies were conducted at two locations to describe the spatial distribution and temporal stability of Orobanche crenata infestation in faba bean. Spatial analysis with distance indices (SADIE) was used to provide aggregation indices for the distribution of O. crenata at different times. SADIE spatial association index was used to measure the spatial stability of O. crenata aggregation patterns through time.     

Relationships between floristic diversity and vegetation indices,forest structure and landscape metrics of fragments in Brazilian Cerrado

Favorable characteristics for development of agricultural activities were crucial factors in the fast substitution of the physiognomy of the Cerrado by agricultural crops and pastures. During this occupation process, the remaining natural vegetation became extremely fragmented and a little is known about the structural and functional integrity even about the species diversity of these ecosystems. The use of vegetation indices as indicators of the forest integrity has been shown to be a useful tool for environmental planning and also for conservation strategies. In this study, we analyzed the correlations between floristic diversity of 22 forests fragments, from diversity indices of Shannon and the equability of Pielou; and the structural parameters of communities represented by basal area and cylindrical volume. Correlations between the diversity and patch metric: AREA, PERIM, GYRATE, PARA, SHAPE, FRAC, CIRCLE, CONTIG, CORE, CAI, PROX and ENN obtained for fragments and among the indices NDVI, SAVI, EVI, MVI5 and MVI7 derived from TM/Landsat images acquired in two seasons were also evaluated. The index which presented strongest correlation with floristic diversity was EVI and the one that showed strongest correlation with the equability was MVI5. The structural parameters basal area and cylindrical volume did not present correlations with diversity and equability. The diversity and equability indices showed correlations with the fragment shape.     

红富士苹果树形改造对冠层相对光照及产量、品质的影响

以红富士苹果为试材,进行了三种不同整形处理:①垂柳式树形、②高光效树形、③改良纺锤形,以原有的主干疏散分层形作为对照,测定经过不同整形处理后的树体枝量、相对光照强度、产量及果实品质。结果表明:垂柳式树形枝量均衡,短枝所占比例大,树体通风透光条件好,且受光量相对均衡,产量品质均优于其它树形;高光效树形虽不能提高产量,但果品质量明显提高。     

矩形花键滚刀齿形曲线的优化设计

提出了用优化设计方法模拟花键滚刀齿形曲线的计算模型,以齿形误差最小为目标函工保证了两段圆弧光滑连接,给出了５个设计实例,计算结果表明：与其他方法相比,本模型的设计精度最高。     

A Practical Map-Analysis Tool for Detecting Potential Dispersal Corridors

We describe the Pathway Analysis Through Habitat (PATH) tool, which can predict the location of potential corridors of animal movement between patches of habitat within any map. The algorithm works by launching virtual entities that we call `walkers' from each patch of habitat in the map, simulating their travel as they journey through land cover types in the intervening matrix, and finally arrive at a different habitat `island.' Each walker is imbued with a set of user-specified habitat preferences that make its walking behavior resemble a particular animal species. Because the tool operates in parallel on a supercomputer, large numbers of walkers can be efficiently simulated. The importance of each habitat patch as a source or a sink for a species is calculated, consistent with existing concepts in the metapopulation literature. The manipulation of a series of contrived artificial landscapes demonstrates that the location of potential dispersal corridors and relative source and sink importance among patches can be purposefully altered in expected ways. Finally, potential dispersal corridors are predicted among remnant woodlots within three actual landscape maps. The U.S. Government’s right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty-free license in and to any copyright is acknowledged.