中药三七对血液系统和心脑血管系统的影响

综述了中药三七对血液系统的止血、活血、补血、溶血与抗溶血作用,对心血管系统降低心肌耗氧量、抗心律失常、降血脂、降血压、抗休克及抗冠心病作用,对脑血管系统改善脑血循环及对实验性脑缺血保护作用的研究近况,为进一步开发三七提供了参考。     

The preventive effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats

AIM: To investigate the preventive effect of PNS on chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats. METHODS: Pulmonary arterial pressure observation, hematocrit (Hct)measurement, biochemical analysis and transmission electron microscopy were conducted to investigate the role of PNS. RESULTS: (1)Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), right ventricular mean pressure (RVMP) and Hct were significantly higher in hypoxia group (H group) than that of control group (C group) and were much lower in hypoxia with PNS group (HT group) than that in H group; (2) Nitric oxide (NO₂^-/NO₃^-) concentration and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the plasma and the lung tissue, total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and copper/zinc-containing enzyme (Cu/ZnSOD) activities in the plasma were all significantly lower in H group than that in C group and were much higher in HT group than that in H group, but NO₂^-/NO₃^- concentration and NOS activity were still markedly decreased in comparison with C group; (3) Injury of endothelial cells in pulmonary arteriole was improved obviously in HT group Compared with H group. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PNSreduces the increase in mPAP, probably through adjusting NOlevel, anti-damaging effectof free radicals, inhibiting the injury of endothelial cells and decreasing Hct.     

Effect of Panax notoginoside on pulmonary arterial pressure and expression of p38 MAPK in lung tissues of hypoxic rats

AIM: To observe the effect of Panax notoginoside (PNS) on the pulmonary artery pressure and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p38 MAPK) in lung tissues of rats treated with hypoxia. METHODS: Thirty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The rats in normal control group were exposed to normal conditions, the rats in hypoxia group were exposed to isobaric hypoxia, and the rats in hypoxia+PNS group were treated with PNS under the condition of hypoxia. After 4 weeks of treatment, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) and the mean carotid arterial pressure (mCAP) were measured by cardiac catheterization. The heart was isolated, and the right ventricle (RV), left ventricle plus ventricular septum (LV+S) were weighed to calculate the ratio of RV/(LV+S).The quantity of phospho-p38 MAPK(p-p38 MAPK) in rat pulmonary arterioles was determined by the method of immunohistochemistry and the mRNA content of p38 MAPK was tested by RT-PCR. RESULTS: The mPAP and RV/(LV+S) in hypoxia group were higher than those in normal control group. The expression of p-p38 MAPK in rat pulmonary arterioles and p38 MAPK mRNA in the lung tissues were higher than those in normal control group (P<0.05). The mPAP, RV/(LV+S), the expression of p-p38 MAPK in rat pulmonary arterioles and p38 MAPK mRNA in the lung tissues in hypoxia+PNS group were significantly lower than those in hypoxia group (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: PNS possesses the preventive and therapeutic effect on hypoxic pulmonary hypertension by decreasing p-p38 MAPK and down-regulation of p38 MAPK mRNA in the lungs.     

气相色谱法测定三七中苯醚甲环唑残留量

建立了三七中苯醚甲环唑残留量的分析方法,并应用于三七样品检测.样品采用丙酮超声波提取,硅胶和中性氧化铝柱净化,GC-ECD检测.方法的最小检出量(LOD)为0.004ng,最低检测限(LOQ)为0.02mg/kg;样本中添加苯醚甲环唑0.02～0.5mg/kg时(n=5),平均回收率为80.6%～95.0%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.6%～11.9%,方法的灵敏度、精密度和准确度均满足农药残留分析要求.市场随机抽样检测表明,三七中苯醚甲环唑残留量为0.02~0.6mg/kg,检出率47%,检出率和残留水平从高到低均依次为三七花、三七须根、三七块根.     

滚筒板齿式三七种苗分离装置结构设计与试验

为实现三七种苗自动移栽前有效分离,设计了一种滚筒板齿式三七种苗分离装置,对关键结构参数进行了理论计算和分析,选取螺旋线数量、转子板齿长度、滚筒板齿长度和导向槽数量作为仿真试验因素,选取种苗分离变异系数和分离率为试验指标,利用EDEM离散元仿真软件分别进行单因素及正交仿真试验,确定最优结构参数组合为:螺旋线数量为4、转子板齿长度为70 mm、滚筒板齿长度为65 mm、导向槽数量为3,此时分离结构分苗性能最好,分离变异系数为17.37%,分离率为84.69%,破损率为7.5%;实际试验结果与仿真结果一致,符合三七种苗移栽农艺要求;该装置实现了三七种苗的有序、离散分离。     

Formula fertilization of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers reduces cadmium accumulation in Panax notoginseng

ABSTRACT

This study investigated the effect of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) formula fertilization on cadmium (Cd) accumulation in P. notoginseng. Field investigations as well as formulated N and K fertilizers application experiments were conducted. Field investigations showed that Cd accumulation decreased PNS content in the main roots of P. notoginseng, while PNS content was promoted by soil available potassium (AK) and K in the main roots. The Cd content in P. notoginseng and the bioavailable Cd content in the soil decreased with the increasing of total K (TK) and AK in the soil. The increase of soil pH, total organic matter (TOM) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) values can reduce the bioavailable Cd content in soil, thus reducing the Cd accumulation in P. notoginseng. Under current fertilization in P. notoginseng cultivation, decreased N fertilization can alleviate the deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties. Under identical N fertilization, increasing K fertilization promoted the PNS accumulation (0.3–38.3%), also improved soil physical and chemical properties. Formulated N and K fertilizers application (1:2) experiments showed that reducing application of N and increasing K fertilization could reduce the bioavailable Cd content in soil, and the Cd content also decreased by 0.5–69.6% in P. notoginseng.

Abbreviation: PNS: P. notoginseng saponins; F(EXC): Exchangeable fraction; F(Carb): Bound to carbonates fraction; F(Fe-MnOX): Bound to iron and manganese oxides fraction; F(OM): Bound to organic matter fraction; F(RES): Residual fraction; AK: Available potassium; TK: Total potassium; CEC: Cation exchange capacity; TOM: Total organic matter     

2种植物源有机肥对林下有机三七生长及品质的影响

为解决林下土壤养分不均衡的问题,采用2种纯植物源材料生产的有机肥对在松树林下有机种植的二年生药用植物三七[Panax notoginseng (Burkill)F.H.Chen]开展有机肥施用对其生长与品质影响的研究,明确适合林下三七生长的有机肥施肥方法和用量。通过1年大田试验,探究2种有机肥对三七生长、皂苷含量、三七产量和土壤化学性质的影响,评价2种有机肥的使用效果。结果表明：1)以基肥加追肥的方式施用广州植物源腐熟有机肥30 000kg/hm²导致存苗率显著下降;2)广州植物源腐熟有机肥更有利于林下三七叶绿素的合成和根部干物质的累积;3)2种有机肥均能显著提高林下土壤中有机质和速效钾的质量分数,提升林下三七的产量和品质,其中,以广州植物源腐熟有机肥施用基肥3 750kg/hm²加追肥3 750kg/hm²产量最高,较对照提高54.38%,皂苷含量增加39.88%。综上,2种有机肥均能显著改善土壤营养状况,提升林下三七的产量和品质,以广州植物源腐熟有机肥施用基肥3 750kg/hm²加追肥3 75...     

国产西洋参叶黄酮成分研究

国产关参叶经稀醇提取，聚酰胺柱和ＣＭＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＣ－２５柱分离。得中黄色单体，经紫外光谱、质谱、＾１Ｈ和＾１３Ｓ核光谱鉴定为山柰酚和人参黄酮甙，此２种化合物 西洋参中获得。药理实验结果表明，西洋参叶总黄酮具有显著的降低实验动物血压的作用。     

2种不同叶型屏边三七生理指标比较研究

为了研究屏边三七群体的亲缘关系远近,采用常规徒手切片法、分光光度法、蒽酮法、考马斯亮蓝G-250法、光合测定仪测定法对2种不同叶型屏边三七的生理指标进行比较研究。结果表明：全缘型叶片中的可溶性糖含量明显低于锯齿型叶片,二者之间的差异达到显著水平。全缘型叶片中的淀粉含量略高于锯齿型叶片,而可溶性蛋白质的含量又略低于锯齿型叶片,但这两者之间的差异均不显著。锯齿型屏边三七的净光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度、蒸腾速率均不同程度地高于全缘型,而全缘型屏边三七的叶面饱和水汽压亏缺和水分利用率则高于锯齿型。     

人参主要病原菌生防真菌的筛选及鉴定

【目的】筛选对人参主要病原菌具高效、广谱抑菌作用的生防真菌,丰富人参生防菌菌种资源。【方法】采用稀释平板法,从吉林省2处采样地的人参健株根际土壤中分离真菌;采用平板对峙培养法,通过初筛和复筛,筛选对人参链格孢菌(Alternaria panax)、立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)、毁灭柱孢菌(Cylindrocarpon destructans)、恶疫霉菌(Phytophthora cactorum)、人参核盘菌(Sclerotinia schinseng)和灰葡萄孢菌(Botrytis cinerea)具有高效广谱抑菌活性的生防真菌;利用传统形态学和rDNA-ITS分子分析技术对分离到的生防真菌进行鉴定。【结果】从人参健株根际土壤中共分离得到400株真菌,其中有15株生防真菌对人参7种主要病原菌具有广谱抑菌作用,特别是对立枯丝核菌有强烈的抑制作用(抑菌率均大于50%),且FSR-106的抑菌作用最强(抑菌率87.41%,下同);FSR-121对人参链格孢菌的抑菌作用最强(60.00%);FSR-74对腐皮镰孢菌的抑菌率高达67.48%;FSR-46对毁灭柱孢菌和灰葡萄孢菌的抑菌率最大(66.67%和68.97%);FSR-97对恶疫霉菌及人参核盘菌的抑制作用最强(73.33%和66.67%)。通过形态学和rDNA-ITS序列分析鉴定发现,15株生防真菌中有8株木霉属(Trichoderma)、3株青霉属(Penicillium)、1株曲霉属(Aspergillus)、1株附球菌属(Epicoccum)、1株毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)和1株轮层炭壳属(Daldinia),其中FSR-38为黑附球菌(Epicoccum nigrum),FSR-10、FSR-43和FSR-106为深绿木霉(T.atroviride),FSR-46为长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum),FSR-55为钩状木霉(T.hamatum),FSR-72为桔绿木霉(T.citrinoviride),FSR-74为球毛壳菌(Chaetomium globosum),FSR-97为多孢木霉(Trichoderma polysporum),FSR-91为蔡氏轮层炭壳菌(Daldinia childiae),FSR-25、FSR-67和FSR-121为青霉属(Penicilliumsp.)。【结论】从人参健株根际土壤中可快速有效地筛选获得大量广谱性生防真菌;本研究所得的15株生防真菌对7种人参主要病害防治具有较高的潜在应用价值。