益生菌发酵提高黄芪根、茎、叶活性成分含量的研究

黄芪药物资源的利用往往仅限于黄芪的根部,而黄芪茎、叶却被大量废弃,造成了药物资源的严重浪费。试验旨在采用益生菌发酵黄芪,研究黄芪根、茎、叶中黄酮类、皂苷类及黄芪多糖等有效成分含量的变化,以期高效利用黄芪。采用从鸡肠道分离保存的一株益生菌（FGM）,用于发酵黄芪的根、茎、叶。结果显示,经FGM发酵后,黄芪根、一年生茎、两年生茎、一年生叶、两年生叶中粗多糖含量分别提高177.46%、227.27%、207.11%、170.61%、182.28%;总黄酮含量分别提高55.67%、33.68%、30.04%、-8.17%、-6.57%;总皂苷含量分别提高68.50%、55.91%、55.71%、40.93%、46.13%。以上结果表明,利用益生菌发酵可使黄芪各部位中主要活性成分含量提高,这对高效利用黄芪、进一步开发传统中药资源有非常重要的意义。     

中药三七对血液系统和心脑血管系统的影响

综述了中药三七对血液系统的止血、活血、补血、溶血与抗溶血作用,对心血管系统降低心肌耗氧量、抗心律失常、降血脂、降血压、抗休克及抗冠心病作用,对脑血管系统改善脑血循环及对实验性脑缺血保护作用的研究近况,为进一步开发三七提供了参考。     

高寒地区农田栽培西洋参的试验研究

研究北方农田退化黑钙土经过改土施肥处理，对西洋参生长发育的影响。试验结果表明，黑钙土壤中掺２０％草炭灰西洋参根系增长２％，增粗２２％，增重４５％。施混合畜肥体根系增长１８％，增粗３９％，增重４５％。每ｈｍ２（公顷）平均产鲜参１２５０～１５０００ｋｇ。报告中提供一些具体试验数据和技术要点     

Effect of essential oils or saponins alone or in combination on productive performance,intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes' activity of broiler chickens

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of essential oils or saponins alone or in combination on productive performance, intestinal morphology, and digestive enzymes' activity in broilers. Four hundred one-day-old male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to four treatments, each with 5 replicates. The birds were fed experimental diets contained either no phytogenic feed additives (control) or were supplemented with 25.0 mg/kg of an essential oil blend from star anise, rosemary, thyme and oregano (essential oils); 46.0 mg/kg of a Quillaja saponin blend (saponins); or a combination of both phytogenic preparations (essential oils plus saponins). The experiment lasted for 42 days. Body weight, feed intake and weight gain were recorded weekly, and the feed conversion ratio was calculated, throughout the experiment. Intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes' activity were determined at the end of the experiment. It was found that the body weight was increased by all dietary supplements at the end of the experiment. There was no change in performance parameters among the treatments during the starter period. At the grower period and the overall experiment, the weight gain of birds was higher in all supplemented groups compared to the control, but the feed conversion was better in the essential oils with saponins treatment. Supplementation of essential oils or saponins alone or in combination increased the villus height and the villus/crypt ratio of the intestine. There was an increase in trypsin, chymotrypsin and elastase activities in the essential oils plus saponins group only. The obtained results indicate that the phytogenic feed additives, especially essential oils with saponins, can be considered as new promising agents in promoting the growth performance of broilers. The effect could be related to its improving impact in intestinal development and increasing the protease enzymes' activity, resulting in increased protein digestibility and absorption of dietary nutrients.     

Cytoprotective effect of Panax ginseng on gallic acid-induced toxicity in TM3 mouse Leydig cells

Our previous study had demonstrated cytotoxicity of gallic acid on testicular cells with increasing the intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide. In the present study, the Panax ginseng root aqueous extract showed the cytoprotective effect on gallic acid-induced toxicity in TM3 mouse Leydig cells with decreasing the intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide.     

西洋参根部病害研究进展

综述了近年来国内外关于西洋参根腐病、锈腐病、疫病等主要根部病害的研究进展,就相关病原菌及其生物学特性、影响病害发生的环境因子、采用的化学及生物防治方法进行了介绍,结合当前存在的问题提出今后应加强的研究重点。     

Antidepressant-like effects of the saponins extracted from Chaihu-jia-longgu-muli-tang in a rat unpredictable chronic mild stress model

Chaihu-jia-longgu-muli-tang (CLM) has been used for treating depressive disorders for thousands of years in China. In the present study, we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of the saponins extracted from CLM (SCLM) in rats subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). The ameliorative effect of SCLM on symptom of depression through behavior tests including: sucrose preference test, open-field test and forced-swimming test was investigated. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD), immunohistochemical staining analysis and RT-PCR were applied to explore the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of SCLM. It was observed that administration of SCLM (70, 140 mg/kg) reversed the depressive-like behaviors, restored the reduction in the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and up-regulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in UCMS-treated rats. These findings confirmed the antidepressant-like effects of SCLM in UCMS model of rats.     

黑刺菝葜根中甾体皂苷抗菌活性成分研究

提取黑刺菝葜根茎中总甾体皂苷R,分离得到甾体皂苷混合物样品R-5、R-6、R-7、R-8、R-9、R-10及4种甾体皂苷,其中化合物Ⅲ为首次从该植物中提取;采用生物活性跟踪和滤纸片扩散法对其抑菌活性物质进行筛选和分离.结果表明:抑菌活性物质主要集中在样品R-7、R-8和R-9中,样品R、R-5和R-6抗菌活性较弱或几乎没有;但从R-6分离得到3种甾体皂苷和从R-8中分离的甾体皂苷均具有抑制活性;这些不同的甾体皂苷对蜡样芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌、枯草杆菌、巨大芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和木霉、青霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉有非常强的抑制活性;黑刺菝葜根中甾体皂苷具有较强的抗菌活性,而且存在着抑菌的活性分子群及增菌的活性分子群.     

滚筒板齿式三七种苗分离装置结构设计与试验

为实现三七种苗自动移栽前有效分离,设计了一种滚筒板齿式三七种苗分离装置,对关键结构参数进行了理论计算和分析,选取螺旋线数量、转子板齿长度、滚筒板齿长度和导向槽数量作为仿真试验因素,选取种苗分离变异系数和分离率为试验指标,利用EDEM离散元仿真软件分别进行单因素及正交仿真试验,确定最优结构参数组合为:螺旋线数量为4、转子板齿长度为70 mm、滚筒板齿长度为65 mm、导向槽数量为3,此时分离结构分苗性能最好,分离变异系数为17.37%,分离率为84.69%,破损率为7.5%;实际试验结果与仿真结果一致,符合三七种苗移栽农艺要求;该装置实现了三七种苗的有序、离散分离。