苜蓿皂苷对高脂血症大鼠胆固醇代谢及其相关基因表达的影响

本文旨在探讨苜蓿皂苷对高脂血症大鼠胆固醇代谢及肝脏组织中胆固醇7α-羟化酶( CYP7 A1)、低密度脂蛋白受体(LDL-R)基因表达的影响.取雄性健康SD大鼠40只,随机分为4组,分别为:正常对照组、高脂模型组、苜蓿皂苷预防组和苜蓿皂苷治疗组,每组10只.正常对照组饲喂基础饲粮,其余3组均饲喂高脂饲粮,其中苜蓿皂苷预防组从第1周开始灌胃240 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷,苜蓿皂苷治疗组从第5周开始灌胃240 mg/kg苜蓿皂苷,试验期共8周.测定试验大鼠体重、肝脏系数、血脂水平和肝脏病理变化情况,并采用酶联免疫法和实时荧光定量PCR技术分别检测大鼠肝脏CYP7A1和LDL-R的蛋白和mRNA表达结果.结果表明:1)和高脂模型组相比,苜蓿皂苷极显著降低预防组大鼠体重及预防组和治疗组血清总胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量(P＜0.01),同时改善肝脏脂化程度.2)苜蓿皂苷预防组和治疗组CYP7 A1和LDL-R的蛋白和mRNA表达量极显著高于高脂模型组(P＜0.01).结果提示,苜蓿皂苷通过促进肝脏CYP7A1和LDL-R的表达,增强肝脏胆固醇的排泄,发挥其对高脂血症的预防和治疗作用.     

Antidepressant-like effects of the saponins extracted from Chaihu-jia-longgu-muli-tang in a rat unpredictable chronic mild stress model

Chaihu-jia-longgu-muli-tang (CLM) has been used for treating depressive disorders for thousands of years in China. In the present study, we investigated the antidepressant-like effect of the saponins extracted from CLM (SCLM) in rats subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). The ameliorative effect of SCLM on symptom of depression through behavior tests including: sucrose preference test, open-field test and forced-swimming test was investigated. In addition, high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD), immunohistochemical staining analysis and RT-PCR were applied to explore the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like effects of SCLM. It was observed that administration of SCLM (70, 140 mg/kg) reversed the depressive-like behaviors, restored the reduction in the levels of monoamine neurotransmitters and up-regulated the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in UCMS-treated rats. These findings confirmed the antidepressant-like effects of SCLM in UCMS model of rats.     

Chemical characteristics of saponins from Paris fargesii var. brevipetala and cytotoxic activity of its main ingredient, paris saponin H

More attention was paid to the anti-tumor activity of Rhizoma Paridis (RP) recently, of which the wild resource was decreased significantly. This study was aimed to elucidate the chemical characteristics of Paris fargesii var. brevipetala (PFB) that may be administrated as alternate resource of legal RP. A HPLC-ELSD method was established to characterize the steroid saponins in rhizomes of PFB and two legal Paris species [Paris polyphylla var. chinensis (PPC) and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis (PPY)] in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (CP). Ten saponins (paris saponins I, II, V, VI, VII, H, gracillin and other three paris saponins) were involved as standards. The results indicated that PFB contained pennogenyl saponins as the main components with small amounts of diosgenin saponins. The total contents of the detected saponins in PFB ranged from 9.12mg/g to 85.33mg/g. Nine of the twelve PFB samples own a total content of paris saponins I, II, VI, and VII more than 6.0mg/g (meeting the standard of CP 2010 edition). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares-Discriminate Analysis (PLS-DA) both confirmed the fact that saponin profiles of PFB, PPC and PPY were different from each other. In addition, paris saponin H (Ps H), the predominant saponin of PFB (>50%), was tested in vitro to evaluate its cytotoxic activities on HepG2, A549, RPE and L929 cells with a positive control of Cisplatin. Ps H showed a remarkable cytotoxic activity on A549 cells with an IC(50) value of 1.53±0.08μg/mL.     

Steroidal saponins from Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk

Five new steroidal saponins, Pallidifloside D (1), Pallidifloside E (2), Pallidifloside G (5), Pallidifloside H (6) and Pallidifloside I (7), together with seven other steroidal saponins (3, 4, 8-12) were isolated from the dry bulbs of Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk. Their structures were established by spectroscopic techniques (IR, MS, 1D and 2D NMR) and chemical means. The isolated steroidal saponins were evaluated for cyotoxic activity against human C6 brain gliomas and Hela cervix cancer cell lines using MTT assays. Compounds 1, 10, 11, 12 showed cytotoxicity against C6 and Hela cell lines with IC(50) values in the range of 5.1-75.8μM.     

应用白腐菌漆酶提取人参皂苷Re的工艺研究

利用漆酶对人参中木质素成分的降解作用,以提高人参皂苷Re提取率为目的,采用正交试验对漆酶酶解条件进行了研究。结果表明,人参皂苷Re最佳提取工艺为:1 g人参粉加入1.5 g漆酶(25 000 DLU/g),在60℃,pH值5.0下,酶解1.5 h,用甲醇加热回流提取人参皂苷Re。经漆酶酶解处理后人参皂苷Re提取率达到0.511%,比传统加热回流法提高了90.0%。     

数字信息技术在云南省三七栽培中的应用研究

着重从数字信息技术来探讨三七[(Panax notoginseng(Burk.)F.H.Chen)]棚内栽培的重要影响因素,用传感器及数字信息技术设备对三七棚内的温度、水分、光照、湿度等进行快速精准的观测,为三七的精准化栽培提供有力的技术支持。     

三七茎叶提取物红外光谱分析

以三七茎叶为原料,采用醇提水沉-D101大孔吸附树脂吸附、乙醇溶液梯度洗脱,得到不同洗脱物;在此基础上通过红外光谱法(FTIR)、二阶导数红外光谱法分析不同乙醇溶液洗脱物的"宏观指纹特征",并与原人参二醇型皂苷对照品Rb1、黄酮类化合物对照品槲皮素、芦丁的红外光谱进行比较。结果表明:不同洗脱物的一维红外光谱及二阶导数红外光谱有明显差异,初步指认了不同洗脱物的吸收特征峰,30%、50%的乙醇溶液洗脱物主要成分为三七茎叶皂苷,并且2个活性物的成分不同;60%、70%、90%乙醇溶液洗脱物主要成分为黄酮类化合物,并且结构有差异,可以作为不同的药理活性成分进行药物开发,为三七茎叶原料药的提取建立分析模式。     

镁对滇重楼生长、养分吸收和总皂甙含量的影响

采用盆栽试验,设4个施镁水平,即:Mg 0、40、80、160 mg/kg,研究了不同水平镁对滇重楼生长、养分含量和块茎总皂甙含量的影响。结果表明,与不施镁相比,适宜施镁量能显著降低了滇重楼株高和生物量及块茎产量。Mg 80和40 mg/kg处理,滇重楼生物量和块茎增加百分率最高,超过以上水平时,总生物量和块茎产量显著下降。施Mg对滇重楼各部位N含量影响较小,但低镁水平（Mg 40 mg/kg）可显著提高滇重楼各部位P、K的含量。在本试验范围内,各部位镁含量随镁施用水平增加而显著增加。施Mg 80 mg/kg时,新块茎总皂甙含量最高;而施Mg 40 mg/kg时,老块茎总皂甙含量最高。综合考虑滇重楼生长、药用部位生物量累积和总皂甙含量,本试验条件下,以施Mg 40 mg/kg较为适宜。     

人参内生菌研究现状与展望

内生菌存在于健康的植物组织内部,具有丰富的多样性及良好的应用前景。人参作为传统的名贵中药,近年来其内生菌的研究工作受到广泛关注。文章从人参内生菌的多样性及其活性作用方面,总结了国内外的最新研究进展,并对其未来的研究发展方向进行了展望。     

无患子总皂苷体外抑制酪氨酸酶活性的研究

[目的]研究无患子总皂苷体外对酪氨酸酶的抑制率.[方法]超声波提取法,溶剂用水、30％乙醇和60％乙醇对无患子总皂苷提取,用大孔树脂(D101)富集水、30％乙醇和70％乙醇部分,紫外分光光度计法,测量酪氨酸酶抑制率.[结果]超声波提取得率中,水提得率(18.56％)最高,60％乙醇提取得率为14.46％,而30％乙醇提取得率为17.85％,接近水提取得率;大孔树脂富集后70％乙醇洗脱部分抑制率高于30％乙醇部分和水部分;与熊果酸比较,70％乙醇洗脱部分、30％乙醇洗脱部分和总皂苷对酪氨酸酶均具有明显的抑制作用.[结论]无患子总皂苷及30％乙醇和70％乙醇大孔树脂洗脱部位对酪氨酸酶抑制率较高,可以作为优良的美白护肤品天然添加剂,应用于生产中.