西洋参超微粉对小鼠耐缺氧和抗疲劳作用的研究

采用小鼠耐常压缺氧和常温游泳试验方法,对西洋参不同粒径超微粉及其粗粉的药效学进行了对比研究。结果表明:西洋参具有耐缺氧和抗疲劳作用,其中超微粉(1~2μm)组耐缺氧作用明显比粗粉强(Ρ<0.01),抗疲劳作用比粗粉强,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。这说明西洋参经过超微粉碎后,其药效(耐缺氧作用和抗氧化作用)具有不同程度的增加。     

基于DET云南三七GAP专家系统开发研究Ⅰ——栽培技术咨询子系统*

 根据国家GAP认证要求,将计算机网络信息,人工智能及多媒体等技术与GAP规范技术结合起来,研究开发出基于DET开发平台的三七GAP专家系统,并根据三七的生产特点及GAP实施的实际进行了软件资源的2次开发,降低了客户端的专业要求,实现了人机操作界面直观、明了。该系统的推广应用,为三七GAP的推广和咨询服务提供了新途径。介绍了三七GAP农业专家系统目标、咨询系统结构、系统内容和功能。     

不同产地人参质量和生理状况比较分析

目的本实验研究了人参主产区-东北三省不同产地鲜人参生理状况和内在质量的差别。方法用比色法测定总皂苷含量,用HPLC法测定单体皂苷含量。用常规方法测定折干率,淀粉、总糖、还原惦、可溶性糖、粗脂肪和可溶性蛋白含量,以及淀粉酶和蔗糖酶活性。结果研究发现,吉林省人参的所产人参折干率、人参总皂苷含量普遍高于其它两省,说明吉林省人参加工的产量都高于其它两省。不同产区人参的淀粉、总糖、还原糖和淀粉等干物质含量以及各产区酶活性对比发现．吉林省所产的人参总体上较高;各产地脂肪、可溶性蛋白质含量：辽宁省较高,吉林省较低。结论人参有效成分与糖类物质关系密切,吉林省栽培的人参品质较好。     

大孔吸附树脂法纯化黄花草木樨总皂苷工艺的研究

目的优化大孔吸附树脂法纯化黄花草木樨叶中总皂苷的工艺。方法：以黄花草木樨中总皂苷的含量为指标,考察了5种大孔吸附树脂对黄花草木樨中总皂苷的吸附及解吸效果,筛选出最适皂苷纯化的树脂,并对纯化工艺进行了优化。结果：AB-8大孔吸附树脂适合纯化黄花草木樨中的总皂苷,最佳洗脱条件为：上样浓度为1．0mg／ml,上柱吸附流速为2．0ml·min^-1,以70％乙醇洗脱,洗脱流速2．0ml·min^-1,洗脱体积为5BV。结论所选工艺方法简便,稳定,纯化效果好。     

Structure Elucidation of New Acetylated Saponins,Lessoniosides A,B, C,D, and E,and Non-Acetylated Saponins,Lessoniosides F and G,from the Viscera of the Sea Cucumber Holothuria lessoni

Sea cucumbers produce numerous compounds with a wide range of chemical structural diversity. Among these, saponins are the most diverse and include sulfated, non-sulfated, acetylated and methylated congeners with different aglycone and sugar moieties. In this study, MALDI and ESI tandem mass spectrometry, in the positive ion mode, were used to elucidate the structure of new saponins extracted from the viscera of H. lessoni. Fragmentation of the aglycone provided structural information on the presence of the acetyl group. The presence of the O-acetyl group was confirmed by observing the mass transition of 60 u corresponding to the loss of a molecule of acetic acid. Ion fingerprints from the glycosidic cleavage provided information on the mass of the aglycone (core), and the sequence and type of monosaccharides that constitute the sugar moiety. The tandem mass spectra of the saponin precursor ions [M + Na]⁺ provided a wealth of detailed structural information on the glycosidic bond cleavages. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, we characterized the structure of five new acetylated saponins, Lessoniosides A–E, along with two non-acetylated saponins Lessoniosides F and G at m/z 1477.7, which are promising candidates for future drug development. The presented strategy allows a rapid, reliable and complete analysis of native saponins.     

三七果实红色素的初步鉴定及其含量与果实总皂苷含量的正相关性(英文)

[目的]该研究旨在鉴定三七果实的红色素,并探索果实色素含量与其总皂苷含量的相关性。[方法]三七果实的红色素用特征颜色反应和紫外可见光谱初步鉴定,三七果实的色素和总皂苷含量用分光光度法检测。[结果]三七果实的红色源于花色苷和或其花色素。果实花色苷和总皂苷的含量均随果实红色调的减弱而下降。不同红色调果实的花色苷含量差异达到极显著水平,但总皂苷含量仅达到显著水平。[结论]三七果实的红色素属于花色苷,果实花色苷含量与总皂苷含量间达到极显著正相关。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱同时测定三七中5种重金属含量

[目的]建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)同时测定中药三七中5种重金属(铜、砷、镉、汞、铅)含量的方法。[方法]三七样品微波消解后经ICP-MS测定重金属元素含量。[结果]5种元素在各自线性范围内线性系数r0.999 5,加标回收率为92.5%～96.6%,6次重复性试验的相对标准偏差RSD≤4.38%。[结论]该研究建立的方法前处理简便、快速,检测准确,灵敏度高。     

黄芪皂甙对斑点叉尾鮰非特异性免疫和抗病力的影响

分别向基础饲料中添加黄芪皂甙Astragalus membranaceus0（对照组）、300（低剂量组）、500（中剂量组）、800 mg/kg（高剂量组）制备4种试验饲料,饲喂同一家系的1龄斑点叉尾鮰Ictalures punctatus,饲喂期为60 d。以斑点叉尾鮰血清溶菌酶（LSZ）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性以及肝脏、脾、头肾组织中Toll样受体——TLR2、TLR3表达水平为指标,结合嗜水气单胞菌攻毒试验,探讨了不同剂量的黄芪皂甙对斑点叉尾鮰免疫抗病力的影响。结果表明：中、高剂量组斑点叉尾鮰血清中LSZ、AKP活力均显著高于对照组和低剂量组（P〈0.05）,其中高剂量组血清LSZ活力显著高于其它各组（P〈0.05）,具有明显的剂量效应;与对照组相比,各试验组斑点叉尾鮰血清中SOD活力有所提高,但无显著性差异（P〉0.05）;黄芪皂甙可以显著提高TLR3基因在肝脏中的表达量,低、中、高剂量组斑点叉尾鮰肝脏中TLR3基因的表达量均显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;高剂量黄芪皂甙可以显著提高TLR3基因在脾、头肾组织中的表达量（P〈0.05）,呈现较为明显的剂量效应;与对照组相比,黄芪皂甙中、高剂量组斑点叉尾鮰脾中TLR5表达量均有显著性提高（P〈0.05）;黄芪皂甙对TLR5基因在肝脏、头肾组织中的表达具有剂量效应,中、高剂量黄芪皂甙可以显著提高TLR5基因的表达水平（P〈0.05）,低剂量组与对照组相比无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。攻毒后试验鱼累积死亡率表明,摄食含有不同剂量的黄芪皂甙饲料以后,斑点叉尾鮰抵抗嗜水气单胞菌感染的能力显著增强,对照组斑点叉尾鮰的最终累积死亡率（61.11%±6.94%）显著高于中、高剂量组（31.11%±3.75%、30.01%±5.34%）（P〈0.05）。上述结果说明：特定剂量的黄芪皂甙可以显著提高斑点叉尾鮰机体的非特异性免疫力,黄芪皂甙可以作为一种安全高效的口服免疫增强剂应用于斑点叉尾鮰健康养殖及病害防治。     

人参茎叶中乙撑硫脲残留检测方法的研究

建立高效液相色谱法测定人参茎叶中代森锰锌的杂质及主要代谢产物乙撑硫脲残留分析方法。C18色谱柱(不锈钢柱,25 cm(长)×0.46 cm(内径),内装Spherisorb 5);流动相:甲醇水=10 90(V/V);流速:0.5mL.min-1;检测波长:233 nm;柱温:40℃;进样量:20 L;保留时间约7 min。结果在0.01~0.1 mg.kg-1范围内线性良好,r=0.9999,平均回收率为90.64%~95.60%,变异系数为2.16%~4.54%,人参茎、叶样品的检出限分别为2.8×10-3、2.9×10-3mg.kg-1。该方法可用于人参茎叶中的乙撑硫脲残留量的测定。     

Panax quinquefolium saponin attenuates ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction in rats by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis

AIM: To investigate the effect of Panax quinquefolium saponin (PQS) on ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rats and its mechanism. METHODS: Ninety healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into sham group, AMI group, taurine 300 mg·kg-1·d-1 group, PQS 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 group, PQS 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 group and PQS 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 group. AMI models were produced by ligating the left coronary arteries in SD rats. The rats in each treatment group were gavaged with drugs dissolved in water (10 mL·kg-1·d-1), and the rats in sham group and AMI group received equal volume of water. Four weeks after MI, the left ventricle fractional shortening, ejection fraction and structure were evaluated by echocardiography. Myocardial infarct size was measured by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The hydroxyproline level was measured by colorimetric method. Apoptosis of the cardiomyocytes was detected by TUNEL. In addition, the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related molecules in the noninfarcted myocardium was determined by Western blotting. RESULTS: Compared with AMI group, the left ventricular end-systolic dimension in PQS 50 mg·kg-1·d-1 group, PQS 100 mg·kg-1·d-1 group and PQS 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 group decreased by 17.2%, 20.3% and 38.8% respectively,and the left ventricular end-diastolic dimension decreased by 8.91%, 8.95% and 17.20%, respectively.The left ventricular end-systolic volume decreased by 31.4%, 38.5% and 67.0%, respectively, and the left ventricular end-diastolic volume decreased by 18.2%, 18.8% and 34.2%, respectively.The left ventricular ejection fraction increased by 44.9%, 60.1% and 118.0%, respectively,and the fractional shortening increased by 55.4%, 71.0% and 148.0%, respectively.The infarction size decreased by 4.6%, 39.5% and 55.8%, respectively,and the hydroxyproline level in noninfarcted myocardium decreased by 34.5%, 35.9% and 48.7%, respectively. Compared with AMI group, the myocardial apoptotic index in PQS 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 group decreased by 27.3%, the protein expression of Bcl-2 increased by 114.0%, and that of Bax, GRP78, CRT and CHOP decreased by 53.1%, 79.9%, 80.8% and 42.5%, respectively. The above mentioned protective effects in PQS 200 mg·kg-1·d-1 group and taurine group were similar. The Spearman correlation analysis revealed that CHOP expression had significant positive correlation with apoptotic index (r=0.797, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: PQS attenuates ventricular remodeling in rats. The underlying mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of CHOP-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress-related cardiomyocyte apoptosis.