微量元素与激素混合液浸种在旱地饲用豌豆上的增产效益研究

通过对饲用豌豆Bruchus pisorum微量元素与激素混合浸种的试验研究表明:以应用萘乙酸(NAA)与微量元素混合液浸种增产效益明显,NAA P2O5、NAA Mo、NAA B分别比对照增产440.3～633.0、391.5～399.0和202.5～462.8 kg/hm2,其相对增产率依次为20.7%～34.7%、18.2%～21.2%和9.5%～25.0%,基本苗、分枝、双荚株率、单株荚数、每荚粒数、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重、叶面积和根瘤发育等均明显高于对照.     

湖羊PGR基因对卵泡颗粒细胞体外增殖与凋亡的影响

旨在探究孕酮受体(progesterone receptor, PGR)基因对湖羊卵泡颗粒细胞体外增殖与凋亡的影响。利用RT-PCR技术扩增和克隆获得PGR基因编码序列(CDS),通过生物信息学软件对其氨基酸序列及同源性进行比对;用所获得序列构建过表达载体和干扰siRNA,分别转染湖羊颗粒细胞,并用CCK8技术检测颗粒细胞的细胞活力;采用RT-qPCR和Western blot技术,检测细胞周期和凋亡的相关基因或蛋白表达水平。结果显示,羊PGR基因的CDS区全长2 736 bp,编码911个氨基酸;与其他物种氨基酸序列的同源性为39.66%～95.44%。干扰PGR基因通过下调CDK4、Bcl-2和上调Caspas3、Caspase8、BAX基因mRNA的表达(P<0.05),进而抑制颗粒细胞的增殖,但对CyclinD1未产生影响(P>0.05);过表达PGR基因通过上调CDK4、CyclinD1、Bcl-2和下调Caspase3、Caspase8、BAX基因mRNA的表达(P<0.05),进而促进颗粒细胞的增殖;BAX蛋白表达变化与对应mRNA的表达趋势一致(P&l...     

Effects of ethephon,GA3 and nutrient elements on sex expression of Chinese chestnut

The effects of ethephon or GA₃ on sex expression of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima BL.) were opposite to the effects of these plant growth regulators on cucumber, pumpkin and Chinese white-flowered gourd. Ethephon at 100–500 mg 1^?1 inhibited the development of female flowers and promoted that of male flowers. GA₃ at 50–500 mg 1^?1 caused a significantly lower number of male inflorescences, but increased the number of female flowers. Urea applications decreased the number of male inflorescences and increased the number of female flowers. For plants grown on phosphorous-deficient soils, fertilizing with superphosphate also increased the number of female flowers. Spraying trees with GA₃, urea or a mixture of both increased the number of female flowers. Therefore, it is proposed that such applications should be employed at the onset of differentiation of flower primordia of Chinese chestnut to increase the ratio of female to male flowers.     

氮肥施用时间和植物生长调节剂对小麦氮吸收和利用的影响

研究了氮肥施用时间和植物生长调节剂对小麦氮吸收和利用的影响。结果表明,氮肥施用时间和植物生长调节剂对小麦植株氮含量、积累和利用有显著影响。烯效唑 (S₃₃₀₇)和GA₃处理均能增加植株的氮含量,二者又以GA₃处理的效果更为明显。S₃₃₀₇和GA₃混合使用能明显提高各生育期的氮含量。植株氮含量在基因型之间差异显著,孕穗期叶片和茎杆扬麦5号显著高于浙农大941,而成熟期则以浙农大941较高。S₃₃₀₇由于抑制干物质合成而减少了氮的积累,而GA₃则增加氮的积累并减轻S₃₃₀₇的抑制作用。氮利用效率(NUE)和氮效率比(NER)在基因型和不同植物生长剂处理之间存在着显著差异。扬麦5号的NUE和NER高于浙农大941。与S₃₃₀₇或GA₃单独使用相比,两种生长调节剂混合应用显著增加了NUE和NER。     

孕酮受体研究进展及其基因序列同源性分析

孕酮发挥生理作用是通过其受体(孕酮受体,progesterone receptor,PGR)介导的.研究动物孕酮受体及其基因对研究动物的生殖生理具有重要意义.论文论述了动物PGR的分布、结构、生物学作用、作用机理等方面的研究进展,并对目前GenBank已公布的人、鼠、主要畜禽孕酮受体基因(PGRgene)的编码区序列进行了同源性比较分析.     

遗传转化中诱导蓖麻子叶节分化适宜的PGR条件

以通蓖5号蓖麻子叶节为试材,应用组织培养技术以及不同质量浓度的ZT和NAA,IAA,IBA处理农杆菌浸染后的子叶节,以期寻找其共培养后诱导芽及根适宜的PGR质量浓度配比,建立蓖麻遗传转化中的快繁体系。结果表明,当ZT质量浓度为2.0 mg/L时,最适合蓖麻子叶节芽诱导;IBA为最适根诱导剂,最适质量浓度为0.10 mg/L。     

Towards a methodology for on-farm conservation of plant genetic resources

The signing of the Convention on Biological Diversity at the ``Earth Summit' in 1992, its ratification and its subsequent entering into force have highlighted the need for an approach to biodiversity conservation that employs both ex situ and in situ techniques in a complementary manner. Though much research has focused on ex situ techniques, less progress has been made in developing methodologies for the conservation of genetic diversity in situ. The definition of in situ conservation used in the Convention on Biological Diversity encompasses two distinct processes: conservation of wild species in genetic reserves and of crops on-farm. Of these two, the latter, where the genetic diversity of crop land races is conserved within traditional farming systems, has been the less studied and remains less well understood. While there are still relatively few practical examples of on-farm genetic resources conservation, most genetic diversity of immediate and potential use to plant breeders is found among land races, and there is evidence that it is being rapidly eroded. This paper attempts to set on-farm conservation within the context of plant genetic resource conservation as a whole, to introduces a possible generalised model for the conservation of genetic diversity on-farm and to promote debate around the science of on-farm conservation.     

猪孕酮受体基因的遗传变异及其与繁殖性状的相关性

以猪孕酮受体(PGR)基因序列为模板设计引物,采用PCRRFLP技术检测PGR基因外显子1在长白猪和大白猪中的单核苷酸多态性,同时研究该基因对猪总产仔数、产活仔数和出生窝重的影响。对于扩增的外显子1片段,在大白猪中检测到GG、AG和AA型,在长白猪中只检测到GG和AG型。测序结果表明,GG型与AA型相比,在326 bp处有一单碱基突变(G→A),该基因所编码的氨基酸则由甘氨酸变为丝氨酸。长白猪GG型总产仔数、产活仔数和出生窝重与AG型总产仔数、产活仔数和出生窝重的差异均没有统计学意义。大白猪AG型总产仔数、产活仔数和出生窝重与GG型总产仔数、产活仔数和出生窝重的差异有统计学意义,大白猪GG型总产仔数、产活仔数和出生窝重与AA型总产仔数、产活仔数和出生窝重的差异没有统计学意义,大白猪AG型总产仔数、产活仔数与AA型总产仔数、产活仔数的差异有统计学意义,大白猪AG型出生窝重与AA型出生窝重的差异没有统计学意义。     

The effects of explant and cytokinin type on regeneration of Prunus microcarpa

We investigated in vitro regeneration ability of Prunus microcarpa subsp. tortusa using various explants (root, cotyledon and hypocotyl pieces) and cytokinins [benzyladenine (BA), meta-Topolin (mT) and thidiazuron (TDZ)]. Sectioned cotyledon, root and hypocotyl pieces of in vitro grown seedlings were cultured on Nas and Read Medium (NRM) containing BA (7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 or 17.5 μM), mT (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 or 12.5 μM) or TDZ (2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10 or 12.5 μM). As a measurement of morphogenetic reaction, the ratios of regenerating explants and the numbers of primary adventitious shoots per regenerating explant were analyzed. Cotyledon explants exhibited higher regeneration ratios than hypocotyl explants, and the root explants were inappropriate for regeneration. Both BA and mT were effective on shoot regeneration but higher regenerating explant ratios were obtained when BA was used. In comparison with BA and mT, the effect of TDZ on enhancing explant regeneration ability was insignificant. Mean number of adventitious shoot per regenerating explant was between 1 and 4, and regenerating explant ratios were between 0% and 77%. The practical appliacations of the results are discussed.     

Development of alternate cut-flower rose greenhouse temperature set-points based on calorimetric plant tissue evaluation

Energy utilization for heating is one of the most expensive greenhouse climate control operations. The temperature set-point is determined by many interrelated environmental, physiological, and economic factors but is fundamentally driven by the required growth rate of the plant or crop for quality and profitability. Temperatures are maintained to maximize production and affect timing of harvest of greenhouse-grown crops. In general, winter greenhouse environments for most cut-flower roses are heated to a target temperature of 16–18 °C. For rose, such temperature targets are based on grower experience along with horticultural research and should be considered a compromise across all factors. In the current research we studied the concept of “potential growth rate” (PGR), based on a thermodynamic growth model and how PGR relates to the typical temperature recommendation (TTR) for set-points for greenhouse heating and cooling in commercial horticultural production. PGR of specific growing organs (leaves, shoot tips, roots, etc) can be deduced using calorespirometric measurements in relation to various environmental factors such as temperature effect on biomass production. This research consisted of two facets: (1) determination of cultivar-specific alternate TTRs based on calorimetric PGR measurement and then (2) testing these TTRs in greenhouse rose flower production. The results of this study suggested that TTRs for the cultivar ‘Kardinal’ can be lowered at the time of bud emergence, when this cultivar can tolerate a lower temperature. Also, since the cultivar ‘Milva’ can tolerate lower temperature at time of leaflet unfolding, the current TTR can be adjusted to reflect this. We investigated a set of alternate TTRs by growing rose plants on movable carts and shifting them to various pre-determined night temperature conditions. During the relevant growing stages, half of the plants were given a cold night temperature (14 °C) treatment, while control plants were left in the normal greenhouse temperature (18 °C). This procedure was repeated for three flushes of flowering rose shoots. Flower shoots were counted and weighed (fresh and dry); shoot length was measured several times per week. It was found that the predictions were valid and (with one exception) no significant effect on the number of flowers, their quality or biomass was caused by this procedure. The implication of this work is that heating cost can be reduced for some rose cultivars by allowing night temperatures to be lower than the typical recommendations for those cultivars that show high metabolic activity at such cooler conditions.