生长调节剂与板栗生长、成花及结果的研究*

应用生长调节剂对板栗处理的结果表明,BA 1 000 ppm促进了结蓬量、出实率及单株产量而抑制了新梢的粗生长和叶片扩大;青霉素150 ppm和自配的稀土制剂RS 300 ppm都能增加出实率,前者能明显促进雌性成花并对抑制新梢伸长生长有一定作用,后者则加速了新梢的粗生长;自配的生长调节剂MN 500 ppm在雌性成花、结蓬量、出实率和单株产量四个方面具有显著的促进作用,而且无其它方面的不良影响;PP_(333) 500 ppm在一定程度上能提高结实率并减缓新梢伸长生长,同时也抑制了叶片扩大;GA_3200 ppm尽管能增加结实率,但主要表现为加速新梢伸长生长,减少结蓬量,抑制雌性成花,降低雌雄比例,显示出雄性化趋势。对内源激素的分析结果也表明,较高浓度的GA_3更利于雄花分化及发育。     

7个绵羊品种PGR基因第4外显子多态性分析

为探索绵羊PGR基因第4外显子的多态性,采用PCR-SSCP技术,对‘德克塞尔羊’、‘无角陶赛特羊’、‘小尾寒羊’、‘蒙古羊’、‘德国美利奴羊’、‘滩羊’和‘藏羊’7个绵羊品种共计414个个体的PGR基因第4外显子进行了遗传多态性检测分析.结果表明:绵羊PGR基因第4外显子存在多态性,发现了AA、BB和AB 3种基因型.不同基因型PCR产物测序结果显示,该多态的产生是由于PGR基因第4外显子扩增序列的第227bp处发生了C→T的碱基突变.基因型和基因频率统计结果表明,‘小尾寒羊’同时存在AA、BB和AB 3种基因型,‘无角陶赛特羊’和‘德国美利奴羊’只存在AA基因型,而其他品种存在AA和AB 2种基因型;在所检测的品种中,AA基因型为优势基因型,A等位基因均为优势等位基因.χ2适合性检验结果表明,7个绵羊品种在该基因座位都处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P>0.05).不同基因型在7个绵羊品种间分布的独立性检验结果表明,在该位点,‘无角陶赛特羊’与‘藏羊’之间表现为差异极显著(P<0.01);‘无角陶赛特羊’与‘蒙古羊’和‘滩羊’之间,‘德国美利奴羊’与‘滩羊’和‘藏羊’之间均表现为差异显著(P<0.05);‘无角陶赛特羊’与‘德国美利奴羊’只发现同一种基因型,不存在差异;其他绵羊品种之间均表现为差异不显著(P>0.05).多态信息含量(PIC)分析结果表明,‘无角陶赛特羊’和‘德国美利奴羊’在该位点没有多态,其他属低度多态.     

Opportunities for Growth Regulation of Amenity Grass

Plant growth regulators have found applications in numerous crop situations but amenity turf provides a unique challenge. This paper discusses the major opportunities in this sector and reports results from trials carried out in the UK over four years with trinexapac-ethyl in a range of situations. The weight of clippings was reduced by 40% and absolute sward height by up to 21% compared to the untreated control; of more practical relevance for mown turf, this amounts to a reduction of up to 48% in clippings weight when the influence of height of mowing is taken into account. It is safe to a wide range of grass species. The data show considerable potential for this PGR as a management tool for amenity turf in Northern Europe.     

PGR在百合上的应用研究进展

PGR是指施用在植物上,在植物体内很少量就能调控植物生长的非营养有机物。百合相关产品的保鲜技术欠缺,繁殖缓慢等问题是影响百合经济效益的瓶颈之一。本文介绍百合切花衰老机理;对PGR应用于百合切花、鳞茎保鲜,组织培养,栽培技术等方进行概述,并提出了需要进一步研究的问题。     

Maize kernel growth and kernel water relations as affected by nitrogen supply

Improving maize (Zea mays L.) growing conditions near flowering by applying nitrogen (N) could affect both kernel number per unit area (KN) and potential kernel weight (KW). Potential kernel weight can be estimated with maximum kernel water content (MKWC), as final kernel weight and kernel water relations are strongly associated in maize. At the crop level, the product of KN per unit area and MKWC could provide an appropriate index of potential sink capacity. The main objective of this study was to determine if the decrease in potential sink capacity (i.e. the product of MKWC and KN), under N deficit and with a late planting date, is due to MKWC or KN reductions. Additionally, we evaluated sink growth rate per unit area (i.e. the product of KN and kernel growth rate) during grain fill period as related to potential sink capacity. Three N rates under optimal and late planting dates and two hybrids were evaluated in experiments carried out at Paraná, Argentina (31°50′S; 60°31′W) during 2002–2003 and 2003–2004 growing seasons (seasons 1 and 2, respectively). Except for the late planting date during season 1, there was a significant positive response on grain yield, KN, KW, and MKWC to N supply. Experiments explored a broad range of KN, from 1645 to 5066 kernel m⁻². MKWC and KN were positively correlated for DK682. Nitrogen increased the potential sink capacity and sink growth rate only as KN increases from a particular threshold in both hybrids. The sink growth rate was largely related to potential sink capacity, as MKWC was highly correlated with KGR across all treatments. Our analytical approach, considering potential sink capacity as a product of KN and MKWC, is integrative of sink demand both for individual kernel and crop levels. This work highlights the role of early establishment of potential sink capacity on yield determination under a wide range of N conditions.     

PGR植物营养生长素在水稻上的试用

在水稻上试用PGR植物营养生长素的结果表明 ,PGR既有促进作用 ,也有抑制作用 ,采用50 0 0倍稀释浓度进行叶面喷施 ,能促进分蘖 ,提高成穗数 ,促进穗分化 ,提高结实率 ,增加粒重 ,并具有降低株高、改善株型、增强抗性的功效     

Marker-Assisted Acquisition and Core Collection Formation: A Case Study in Barley using AFLPs and Pedigree Data

A problem that often occurs in deciding which germplasm should be acquired to expand the diversity of a plant genetic resources collection, and which accessions should be included in a core collection, is the lack of proper data. The usefulness of an AFLP-based protocol to assist in acquisition decisions and in core collection formation was examined by using 52 barley cultivars. For validation purposes, pedigree data of the cultivars were used to calculate the ‘effective number of origin lines’ (n_o1), a parameter introduced in earlier research that was defined as the number of alleles per locus, not identical by descent, in a set of lines. Two AFLP primer combinations were able to distinguish all 52 cultivars from each other, and to discriminate between spring and winter crop types. Using the year of origin of the cultivars, the historical development of n_o1 showed a stepwise pattern, indicating the periodical release of genetically similar cultivars, alternated by the incorporation of new material. Comparison of AFLP data between cultivars and both their parents was possible in five cases. These comparisons revealed a high likelihood that the correct parents were involved but a rather skewed contribution of parents to offspring, suggesting that backcrossing had been applied. Treating the 25 cultivars that were released before 1980 and played an important role in barley cultivation as a basic collection, and the 27 more recent cultivars as potential candidates for acquisition, n_o1 values generated by a marker-based approach largely followed those using a random approach. Given this poor performance, a marker-based protocol to assist in acquisition decisions was not considered useful for the analysed material. If the 52 cultivars were considered to be the collection from which a core collection had to be selected, the marker-based selection showed much better results compared to a random selection. About half of the total number of origin lines could be captured with a quarter of the collection, indicating the potential utility of AFLPs in core collection formation.     

东农1号生长素对作物生育和产量的效应

经１９９１～１９９３年的田间试验证明，东农１号生长素对我省多种作物的营养生长和生殖生长均有良好的促进作用．经该调节剂处理后，作物生育期提前，叶面积增大，花荚脱落减少，干物质积累增多，并具有促早熟、增产、改善品质的作用。     

新三唑类化合物的生物活性研究

测定了１６个通式为（ＣＨ３）３Ｃ（Ｘ）ＣＨ（Ｔｒ）ＣＨ２（Ｙ）Ｒ的新三唑类化合物「式中,Ｘ＝ＣＯ,ＣＨＯＨ;Ｔｒ＝（１Ｈ）＝－１,２,４－三唑－１－基,＝Ｎ,ＮＨ;Ｒ＝（取代或未取代）苯基,烷基;（五赠或六员）杂环基」对８种病原菌的钉菌活性和促进黄瓜子叶生根植物生长调节活性。比较了１６个新化合物的结构＝生物活性关系。     

Somatic embryogenesis in a broad spectrum of grape genotypes

Somatic embryogenesis is the preferred method for cell-to-plant regeneration of grapevine. In this study, we tested the embryogenic capacity of anther-derived calli from 59 grape genotypes, representing a diverse group of Vitis vinifera and hybrid varieties, and hybrids and accessions of non-vinifera Vitis species. Most genotypes were tested on two types of media: MST1 medium, which contained plant growth regulators (PGRs) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and thidiazuron (TDZ), and MSE medium, which contained 2,4-D and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Twenty-four of the grape genotypes produced embryogenic callus on one or both of these media, eighteen of which have not been reported to form somatic embryos before. The results also suggested that the various PGR combinations are differentially effective at inducing somatic embryos in various classes of grape genotypes. For example, seven of the eight V. vinifera conv. occidentalis varieties brought forth somatic embryos on MSE medium, and three out of four American Vitis genotypes produced somatic embryos on MST1 medium. We could not observe any apparent association between frequency of callus formation and embryogenic capacity of the anthers.