不同改土物料对白浆土磷吸附解吸的影响

向白浆土各层次土壤施入不同改土物料,比较不同处理土壤对 P 的吸附解吸情况.结果表明:各土层土壤对 P的吸附量均随着平衡液浓度的增加而增加;不同土层间土壤吸附 P 量大小顺序为淀积层＞混拌层＞白浆层＞黑土层;随着平衡液浓度的增大,P 吸附的增加率递减;施 Ca 加大了土壤对 P 的吸附,其中黑土层增加220.16%,白浆层增加54.50%,淀积层增加 52.36%;而施有机肥减弱了土壤对 P 的吸附,其中黑土层降低70.16%,白浆层降低45.50%,淀积层降低55.27%.Ca 有降低土壤 P 解吸率的趋势,有机肥能大幅度地提高其解吸率.     

施肥对桑叶品质的影响

在大田条件下研究了施肥对桑叶品质的影响 ,多年多点的试验结果表明 ,在土壤养分缺乏的桑园施用相应的缺素养分总体上有改善桑叶品质的作用。N、P、K、S、Mg、B等 6种养分的施用均明显提高桑叶必需氨基酸含量和氨基酸总量 ;N、K、S、B肥有提高桑叶蛋白质的作用 ,Mg对蛋白质的影响作用很小 ;N、Mg、B肥有提高桑叶全糖含量的作用 ,P、K肥则会降低全糖含量 ,S对桑叶全糖含量的影响不大 ;N、P、K肥施用有提高桑叶中脂肪含量的作用 ,而S、Mg、B肥的作用则相反。结果还显示 ,同一种养分在不同试验中对桑叶某一具体品质参数的影响大小及影响方向不尽相同 ,表明施肥对桑叶品质的作用还受其他因素影响。     

茭白黑粉菌不同培养形态及能谱分析

将茭白灰茭内的黑粉菌厚垣孢子放置在PSA培养基上培养,结果表明:茭白黑粉菌能够在PSA培养基上完成其生活史,但形成菌丝体及厚垣孢子需要较长的时间;X-EDS分析发现不同培养形态之间的原子比值存在差异,其中采集的与培养的厚垣孢子差异明显.     

基于PIC单片机的生物体电信号采集和处理装置的研究和设计

一种基于单片机生物体电信号采集和处理装置的研究和设计。通过电极将生物体信号引出,经过放大、滤波、转换等处理,由单片机进行智能控制。该装置具有对生物体的微弱电信号进行采集、放大和处理的功能。单独电源供电,与传统的同类产品相比,抗干扰性有了很大的提高,并且操作简单,可以应用于大专院校和科研单位的医学实验。     

两系杂交中籼2301S/H7058栽培技术探讨

利用相关及通径分析研究了两系杂交中籼组合 2 3 0 1S/H70 5 8有关性状间的关系 ,结果表明 :基本苗和最高苗对有效穗有显著影响 ,秧龄和施氮水平对分蘖性状影响很小 ;产量构成中 ,起主要作用的是穗实粒数和有效穗 ,而这两者也达显著负相关 ;栽培措施中栽插密度为主要限制因子 ,它与穗实粒数达显著负相关 ,而与有效穗达显著正相关。辅助试验说明 ,适宜播期为 4月底至5月初 ,过迟则影响产量     

中国畜禽粪尿磷素养分资源分布以及利用状况

参照中国有机肥料养分志计算粪尿资源量的方法,研究了2002年我国畜禽粪尿磷素养分资源的状况及其分布。结果表明:我国畜禽粪尿肥资源总量约为33亿t,提供磷(P)318.4万t,主要分布在山东、河南、四川、河北、广东、湖南等省。145.7万t粪尿磷资源作为有机肥回田,占粪尿磷资源总量的45.8%;而进入环境的磷约为172.7万t,占粪尿磷资源总量的54.2%。北京和上海粪尿磷资源总量不多,但其单位面积承载的磷却很高,分别为98.7kg/hm2和86.6kg/hm2。     

Phospholipid compositions of sera and synovial fluids from dog, human and horse: a comparison by 31P-NMR and MALDI-TOF MS

Alterations of the phospholipid (PL) compositions of body fluids are assumed to be indicative of inflammatory diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, we have shown that particularly the phosphatidylcholine/lysophosphatidylcholine (PC/LPC) ratio determined in human synovial fluids (SF) and sera represents a reliable measure of the inflammatory state in RA patients. However, it is not yet clear to what extent the PC/LPC ratio is also affected by nutrition habits. In the present study, the PL and the corresponding acyl chain compositions of human body fluids (SF and serum of RA patients as well as serum from healthy volunteers) are compared with those of two other mammalian species (horses and dogs suffering from degenerative joint diseases as well as healthy controls) by high-resolution 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The most important result of this study is that the PL compositions of SF and serum of horse and dog are comparable with those of human body fluids. Compared with humans, however, the horse body fluid contains less PCs with highly unsaturated arachidonoyl residues, while that of dogs possesses the highest content of arachidonoyl-containing PC. These species-related differences stem primarily from different nutrition habits (meat vs. plants).     

Back-calculation method shows that within-flock transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H7N7) virus in the Netherlands is not influenced by housing risk factors

To optimize control of an avian influenza outbreak knowledge of within-flock transmission is needed. This study used field data to estimate the transmission rate parameter (β) and the influence of risk factors on within-flock transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N7 virus in the 2003 epidemic in The Netherlands. The estimation is based on back-calculation of daily mortality data to fit a susceptible-infectious-dead format, and these data were analysed with a generalized linear model. This back-calculation method took into account the uncertainty of the length of the latent period, the survival of an infection by some birds and the influence of farm characteristics. After analysing the fit of the different databases created by back-calculation, it could be concluded that an absence of the latency period provided the best fit. The transmission rate parameter (β) from these field data was estimated at 4.50 per infectious chicken per day (95% CI: 2.68–7.57), which was lower than what was reported from experimental data. In contrast to general belief, none of the studied risk factors (housing system, flock size, species, age of the birds in weeks and date of depopulation) had significant influence on the estimated β.     

Multiple amino acid substitutions are involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice

To explore adaptation of avian influenza virus to mice we previously performed serial lung-to-lung passages of the influenza A/Chicken/Jiangsu/7/2002 (H9N2) strain, resulting in the isolation of a variant influenza strain lethal for mice. We now report that virulence correlates with improved growth characteristics on mammalian cells and extended tissue tropism in vivo. Sequencing of the complete genomes of the wild-type and mouse-adapted viruses revealed 25 amino acid substitutions. Some were found to reiterate known substitutions in human and swine H9N2 influenza isolates. Functions affected include nuclear localization signals and sites of protein and RNA interaction, while others are known determinants of pathogenicity and host specificity such as the viral polymerase PB2 E627K substitution. These observations suggest that enhanced growth characteristics and modified cell tropism may contribute to increased virulence in mice. We conclude that multiple amino acid substitutions are likely to be involved in the adaptation of H9N2 avian influenza virus to mice.     

Australian surveillance for avian influenza viruses in wild birds between July 2005 and June 2007

Objective   To identify and gain an understanding of the influenza viruses circulating in wild birds in Australia.
Design   A total of 16,303 swabs and 3782 blood samples were collected and analysed for avian influenza (AI) viruses from 16,420 wild birds in Australia between July 2005 and June 2007. Anseriformes and Charadriiformes were primarily targeted.
Procedures   Cloacal, oropharyngeal and faecal (environmental) swabs were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the AI type A matrix gene. Positive samples underwent virus culture and subtyping. Serum samples were analysed using a blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for influenza A virus nucleoprotein.
Results   No highly pathogenic AI viruses were identified. However, 164 PCR tests were positive for the AI type A matrix gene, 46 of which were identified to subtype. A total of five viruses were isolated, three of which had a corresponding positive PCR and subtype identification (H3N8, H4N6, H7N6). Low pathogenic AI H5 and/or H7 was present in wild birds in New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria and Western Australia. Antibodies to influenza A were also detected in 15.0% of the birds sampled.
Conclusions   Although low pathogenic AI virus subtypes are currently circulating in Australia, their prevalence is low (1.0% positive PCR). Surveillance activities for AI in wild birds should be continued to provide further epidemiological information about circulating viruses and to identify any changes in subtype prevalence.