盾叶薯蓣中薯蓣皂苷元生物合成途径研究进展

综述了薯蓣皂苷元生物合成途径的研究进展及相关酶的研究进展,对其生物合成途径进行了推断,以期为盾叶薯蓣皂苷元合成相关的研究以及利用生物工程进行生产奠定基础。     

纳米TiO_2对鸡肉源微生物的光催化抑菌效果研究

[目的]研究不同作用因素对纳米TiO_2的光催化活性影响,为纳米TiO_2光催化杀菌技术的开发与应用提供参考。[方法]以菌液初始浓度、光照强度和纳米TiO_2浓度为主要变量因素,研究不同因素条件下纳米TiO_2对鸡肉源微生物P.fluorescens和M.caseolyticus的光催化抑菌作用效果。[结果]纳米TiO_2浓度增加对P.fluorescens和M.caseolyticus的抑菌作用呈先升高后降低的趋势,最佳浓度值为0.4 g/L;增高光照强度,降低初始菌液浓度,纳米TiO_2的光催化抑菌效果增强;相同试验条件下,纳米TiO_2对P.fluorescens和M.caseolyticus的光催化抑菌作用一致,对M.caseolyticus的抑菌率始终低于P.fluorescens。[结论]M.caseolyticus对纳米TiO_2的光催化作用比P.fluorescens更加敏感。     

低磷日粮添加植酸酶对肥育期肉鸭营养学效应的影响

:1 6 0只 3周龄樱桃谷肉鸭随机分为 4组 ,研究了低磷日粮添加植酸酶和磷酸氢钙对肉鸭生长性能、血浆磷浓度及胫骨特性的影响。Ⅰ组为低磷组 (0 .1 8%AP) ,Ⅱ组为添加磷酸氢钙组 (0 .35 %AP) ,Ⅲ ,Ⅳ组为添加植酸酶组 (0 .1 8%AP 75 0 μ/kg ,0 .1 8%AP 1 5 0 0 μ/kg)。结果表明 :(1 )当肉鸭在生长前期 (1～ 3周龄 )采食了含充足磷的日粮后 ,在生长后期 (4～ 6周龄 )饲喂低磷日粮无需另外添加无机磷 ,只要用植酸酶 (75 0 μ/kg)强化一下就能满足其正常生长发育所需的磷。 (2 )添加植酸酶能提高血浆磷浓度、胫骨干物质和矿物质含量 ,改善骨骼状况。     

Effect of agroforestry woody species on earthworm activity and physicochemical properties of worm casts

The effects of five agroforestry woody species (Dactyladenia barteri, Gliricidia sepium, Leucaena leucocephala, Senna siamea andTreculia africana) on the surface aasting activity ofHyperiodrilus africanus were studied in an Alfisol (Oxic Paleustalf) in southwestern Nigeria. Casting activity under the woody species decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp. (26.4 Mg ha^-1 year^-1)>Gliricidia sp. (24.4 Mg ha^-1 year^-1)>Treculia sp. (22.9 Mg ha^-1 year^-1)>Leucaena sp. (18.6 Mg ha^-1 year^-1)>Senna sp. (18.3 Mg ha^-1 year^-1). These differences in casting activity were partly explained by microclimatic effects. Irrespective of the woody species, the worm casts were higher in clay and silt contents, bulk density, water-stable aggregates, pH, organic C, exchangeable cations, effective cation exchange capacity, and extractable P levels than the corresponding surface soils. The woody species did affect the physicochemical properties and P sorption of the worm casts. The content of water-stable aggregates of worm casts decreased in the following order:Dactyladenia sp.>Treculia sp.>Senna sp.>Leucaena sp.>Gliricidia sp. Large differences in extractable P levels were observed.Senna sp. was associated with the highest extractable P level (11.5 mg kg^-1) andTreculia sp. the lowest (4.9 mg kg^-1). P sorption was highest on worm casts underDactyladenia sp. and lowest on those underTreculia sp. Without fertilizer application, there were no significant differences in the dry weight of maize grown in the different worm casts. With NPK applications, the dry weight of maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was significantly lower than that of maize grown in the other worm casts, mainly due to the low extractable P level. Despite a high organic C and exchangeable K status, maize grown in the worm casts still responded significantly to N and K applications. The N uptake by maize grown in worm casts associated withTreculia sp. was lower than that in the other treatments.     

嫁接促活剂对黄瓜嫁接苗愈伤过程、~(32)P和~(14)C的吸收和运转的影响

^32P和^14C示踪试验结果表明,嫁接促活剂可使砧木吸收^32P的量比对照增加1倍,使砧木吸收的^32P运到接穗或使接穗同化的^14C到砧木比对照提早2d,并且明显提高了^32P和^14C的输出量及比例,明显促进接口愈伤组织的形成和维管束的连接,提高了嫁接成活率。     

Simultaneous Dynamics and Kinetics of Soil Phosphorus Under Different Fertilizer Systems During Two-Growth Seasons of Maize

This study investigated phosphorus (P) dynamics and kinetics in calcareous soil under inorganic, organic, and integrated (inorganic+organic) fertilizer systems during two growing seasons of maize in two soil depths (0–0.15 and 0.15–0.30 m). A field experiment was conducted with 150, 300, and 400 kg ha^?1 triple superphosphate (TSP), 7.5 and 15.0 ton ha^?1 (on dry matter basis) farmyard manure (FYM), and integrated systems. In order to analyze Olsen P, soil samples were collected in 30-day-intervals after planting. The results showed that at the end of the two growing seasons of maize, the lowest magnitudes of Olsen P_0–0.15 m were 6.0, 6.8, 7.4, and 7.6 mg kg^?1 for the control, 7.5 FYM, 15 FYM, and 150 TSP, respectively. The highest magnitudes of Olsen P_0–0.15 m were 12.4, 11.5, 11.4, and 11.1 mg kg^?1 for 300 TSP+15 FYM, 400 TSP+7.5 FYM, 400 TSP+15 FYM, and 300 TSP+7.5 FYM, respectively. The same trends were observed for Olsen P_{0.15–0.30 m}. Heterogeneous diffusion model demonstrated that Elovich equation could best describe the experimental data (mean; R² = 0.98, SE = 0.29). The highest P supply rates (PSR) were 4.73, 3.91, and 3.86 mg kg^?1day^?1 (days after application) for 400 TSP, 400 TSP+15 FYM, and 300 TSP, respectively. The models of P supply capacity of soil could estimate P supply of soil under different fertilizer systems (R² = 0.84–0.95). The present study improved the understanding of the capacity and rate of P supply by considering P uptake by grain maize. Fertilizer recommendations depend on the accessibility of fertilizer types suggested to help choose the best fertilizer systems.     

亚硒酸对菊花切花衰老的影响

用0.1、0.2mg/L H2SeO3溶液瓶插菊花切花，结果表明，低浓度Se溶液可延缓瓶插菊花切花衰老，维持叶片相对含水量。降低膜透性，减少叶绿素与蛋白质降解，提高SOD活性，降低叶片MDA含量，维持叶片、花瓣还原糖含量。1.0mg/L的高浓度Se加速菊花切花衰老。     

植物体内磷转运子的研究进展

近年来，人们对植物营养的遗传背景有了不断深入的了解，特别是磷营养。这一领域的研究工作开展得较早，而且随着分子生物学的快速发展已深入到分子水平，其中关于植物磷转运子的报道特别多。笔者对其结构、功能及表达调控方面的研究进展作一综述。     

N、P、K三要素对水稻产量的效应分析

利用数学模型研究了N、P、K对水稻产量的影响，分析了单因素效应、双因素效应和边际效应，得出三要素对产量的贡献率大小依次为：N1．2081、P1．0527、K0．8499；N和P互作明显；当P处于高水平时，N的增产效果明显。说明高N、P配合适当的K是提高水稻产量的重要途径之一。