Mitochondrial NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme from herring testicular tissue: Purification,kinetic behaviour and regulatory properties

Mitochondrial NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme [EC 1.1.1.39, L-malate: NAD⁺ oxidoreductase (decarboxylating)] was purified from herring testicular tissue to a specific activity of 26.4 μmol NADH/min/mg protein. Herring testicular tissue is one of the most abundant sources of this enzyme. The purification procedure involved differential centrifugation of mitochondria and then chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, Red Agarose and Sephacryl S-300. This enzyme catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate in the presence of Mn²⁺ and either NAD or NADP. Under V_max conditions the ratios for the rate of NAD/NADP reduction was 1.8. A study of the reductive carboxulation reaction indicated that this enzyme reaction is reversible; at pH 7.0 the reverse reaction exhibited 22% of the activity of forward reaction. Some kinetic characteristics of the enzyme were determined. ATP was found to be a competitive inhibitor with respect to malate. Fumarate reversed ATP inhibition. Regulation of NAD(P)-dependent malic enzyme from herring testicular tissue mitochondria could respond to changing levels of mitochondrial ATP and fumarate in vivo.     

叶尔羌高原鳅低温下耗氧率和窒息点的研究

试验采用流水呼吸室法和静水呼吸室法测定了叶尔羌高原鳅在低温6.5~7.5℃条件下的耗氧率和窒息点。结果表明,叶尔羌高原鳅耗氧率具有昼夜节律性,耗氧高峰在5:00左右,低谷在15:00左右,其耗氧率和窒息点随体重的增加而增加,随水温的升高而增大。叶尔羌高原鳅适应低温能力较强,适宜生长温度6~29℃,最佳生长温度8~15℃。     

草鱼肝微粒体的提取及CYP酶活性的测定

CYP酶代谢是药物生物转化的主要途径,其数量和活性大小直接影响药物在体内的活化与代谢。我们对草鱼肝微粒体CYP酶含量及其活性进行了初步研究,以差速离心法提取草鱼肝微粒体,以CO还原差示光谱法测得CYP酶及细胞色素b5含量分别为0.619±0.102 nmol/mg、0.264±0.042 nmol/mg。以7-乙氧异吩噁唑酮-O-脱乙基反应、苯胺-4-羟化反应、氨基比林-N-脱甲基反应作为CYP1A、CYP2E、CYP3A的探针反应,测得EROD酶活为0.043±0.004 nmol/mg/min,ANH酶活为0.028±0.002 nmol/mg/min,AMND酶活为0.207±0.035 nmol/mg/m in。结果表明草鱼肝微粒体中CYP酶发育完好,并且具有参与药物代谢的3种主要亚型活性,其含量与活性大小与其它实验动物相差较大。本实验的方法与结果为草鱼CYP酶的系统研究提供可靠手段,最终为指导水产合理用药提供理论依据。     

Effects of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different concentrations of dietary lipids on body composition and liver function in juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. Diets were formulated to contain 40% crude protein from solvent-extracted menhaden fish meal and 0, 7, 14 or 21% lipid from menhaden fish oil. The basal diet, without supplemental fish oil, contained lipid at 0.4% of dry weight. The diets were fed to groups of 25 juvenile red drum initially averaging 7.3 ± 0.18 g fish^–1 in a recirculating culture system for 8 weeks and weight gain was recorded. After an additional 8 weeks, 16 fish from each treatment were sacrificed and the following measurements were recorded: hepatosomatic index (HSI), intraperitoneal fat (IPF) ratio, and liver -tocopherol, malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, and cytochrome P-4501A activity (measured as 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity). The activity of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases and concentrations of -tocopherol also were measured in plasma.Weight gain was significantly (p<0.05) affected by dietary lipid concentration, with values ranging from 361% of initial weight for fish fed the basal diet to 527% of initial weight for fish fed the diet containing 7% lipid. The HSI and IPF ratio values also were significantly affected by lipid with the lowest values recorded for fish fed the basal diet and the highest values observed in fish fed the diet containing 21% lipid. Increasing dietary lipid significantly increased oxidative stress as reflected in reduced -tocopherol in liver and plasma and increased MDA formation in the liver, although no overt pathological signs were observed. These findings suggest that lipid concentrations between 7 and 14%, when the diet contains 60 IU vitamin E kg^–1, are likely to limit oxidative stress and result in normal physiological responses of red drum.     

CYP2J3样基因在不同生长速率凡纳滨对虾中的差异表达

为了获得对虾生长差异的分子机制,通过比较不同生长速率凡纳滨对虾的转录组(速长组和慢长组),获得了一条编码P450的差异表达基因,经过cDNA全长验证后命名为LvCYP2J3-like,其开放阅读框为1 488 bp,编码495个aa,含有一个完整的P450功能域,功能分析表明,该基因可能参与了蜕皮激素的灭活。方差分析表明,LvCYP2J3-like在不同组织、发育阶段和蜕皮周期的表达量都存在显著性差异,并且速长群体的表达量显著性低于慢长群体。表明该基因参与了发育和蜕皮过程,其表达量与环境胁迫关系密切。在LvCYP2J3-like和其预测转录因子基因中分别发现了4和11个速长组和慢长组等位基因频率显著差异的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记,说明这些基因遗传差异与其活性和表达量相关,从而影响生长速率。研究结果为凡纳滨对虾遗传和育种研究提供了参考资料。     

数字化人体模型在车身逆向布置中的应用

以人体参数为依据建立的数字化人体模型能有效的描述人体的形态特性.本文在CATIA人机工程模块中,建立了人群文件,生成自定义的三维数字化人体模型。在此基础上建立了满足不同百分位需求的参数化人体模型。以某汽车为对象,根据SAE标准,综合考虑了踏板行程、汽车视野和上下肢舒适性等因素对驾驶员的影响,最终得到满足各种约束的驾驶员最佳舒适性H点区域。论文研究为针对不同地区人群特性对车型进行逆向开发和逆向布置提供了很好的参考。     

华北落叶松和白杆幼苗脯氨酸及淀粉含量对水分和光照变化的响应

以2年生华北落叶松和白杆幼苗为研究对象,通过人工控制条件下的幼苗栽培试验,测定不同光照、水分条件下脯氨酸含量、淀粉含量的变化,综合比较分析了华北落叶松和白析苗期生长对光照和水分变化的生理响应。研究结果表明：随着土壤水分的减少,华北落叶松和白不工幼苗脯氨酸含量增高,淀粉含量下降,且华北落叶松的变化都高于白杆,华北落叶松幼苗比白析幼苗对土壤水分胁迫的响应能力更强;随着光照的增强,也有相同的表现。光照和水分条件的变化对华北落叶松和白析幼苗脯氨酸和淀粉含量的影响具有叠加作用,2个树种对水分胁迫和强光照的响应机制一致,但树种间响应强度不同,华北落叶松的响应能力更强,华北落叶松具有比白术千更大的抗干旱胁迫的生理基础。     

膜荚黄芪繁殖系统的研究

观察膜荚黄芪的花部特征,用亚甲基兰法测定花粉活力变化,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定了其柱头的可授性,并用杂交指数（OCI）、花粉-胚珠比（P／O）方法测定了其有性繁育系统类型。结果表明,从开花当日开始,花粉活力不断下降,在开花后五天,花粉活力几乎为零。在花后1天柱头有较高的可授性,花后4天失去可授性。膜荚黄芪的杂交指数（OCI）=3,繁育系统为自交亲和,有时需要传粉者;花粉-胚珠比（P／O）=3850-4300,为专性异交。     

优质小麦品种郑麦9023品质特性的研究

郑麦9023是河南省优质小麦生产的主导品种。为了建立郑麦9023的优质高效生产技术体系，对该品种品质特性在河南省的地域性变化以及土壤养分、氮磷钾肥料、杀菌剂对该品种品质特性的影响进行了研究。结果表明：(1)郑麦9023的品质特性在河南省的北部地区可稳定达到优质强筋小麦国家1级标准，在中部地区总体上接近优质强筋小麦国家1级标准，在南部地区可以达到优质强筋小麦国家2级标准；(2)抽穗期土壤速效N的含量是决定郑麦9023品质水平的关键栽培因素，此时土壤速效N含量60mg／kg、80mg／kg和160mg／kg分别为郑麦9023品质达到亚强筋、强筋、超强筋的土壤N素临界值；(3)K肥对强筋品质特性具有正效应，而P肥对强筋品质特性具有负效应；(4)杀菌剂粉锈宁对强筋特性具有劣化作用，而多菌灵无此负作用。     

大豆种质对大豆疫霉菌株Pm8的抗性分析

采用黄化苗下胚轴接种法,利用大豆疫霉菌株Pm8对来自不同地区的355份大豆品种(系)进行疫霉根腐病接种鉴定。结果表明:96份材料表现为抗病类型,占鉴定总数的27%,106份表现为中间类型,占总数的30%。在所鉴定的品种(系)中,北京、浙江等省(市)抗大豆疫霉菌株Pm8的资源比较丰富;吉林、四川等省的抗性资源较贫乏。研究结果为大豆抗病育种选择亲本和利用品种布局进行大豆疫霉根腐病生态控制提供了依据。