中西药抗鸡新城疫病毒的体外试验研究

应用细胞培养的方法观辑了40味中药和4种西药抗鸡新城疫病毒的体外活性。结果表明，40味中药中15味有一定的治疗效果，药物选择指数在2．29—13．3之间；18味有一定的预防效果，药物选择指数在2．21—69．4之间；4种西药中仅利巴韦林有治疗和预防效果，药物选择指数分别为433．3和343．7。     

水牛徒手克隆胚胎培养及冷冻条件的优化

本试验利用微滴、微穴和平板培养系统对徒手克隆(hand-made clone,HMC)重组胚进行体外培养;采用了40% EG(ethylene glycol,EG)、25% EG＋25% DMSO(dimethylsulphoxide,DMSO) 和20% EG＋20% DMSO＋0.5 mol/L蔗糖作为玻璃化冷冻液对HMC囊胚进行了超低温冷冻;并且比较了HMC与传统核移植的胚胎生产效率及囊胚冷冻存活率。结果表明,微穴系统的卵裂率要显著高于平板系统(P<0.05),极显著高于微滴系统(P<0.01);且微穴系统的囊胚率(40.0%)极显著高于平板(19.8%)和微滴系统(8.3%)(P<0.01)。采用20% EG＋20% DMSO＋0.5 mol/L蔗糖作为冷冻保护剂时HMC囊胚存活率极显著高于40% EG(P<0.01);HMC重组胚的融合率和囊胚率均高于传统核移植法(P<0.05;P<0.01),而HMC囊胚的冷冻存活率与传统核移植生产的囊胚没有显著差异。以上结果说明水牛HMC可以替代传统核移植法生产克隆胚胎,微穴体系最适合水牛HMC胚胎的体外培养,且采用20% EG＋20% DMSO＋0.5 mol/L蔗糖对HMC囊胚进行玻璃化冷冻可以取得良好的冷冻效果。     

哈萨克族的草原游牧文化(Ⅱ)——哈萨克族的游牧生产

哈萨克族是世界上最喜欢牲畜和善于饲养牲畜的民族之一。创造了一整套与自然环境相适应的生存技能,使得自然环境始终保持一种良好的存在状态。哈萨克族游牧文化的生产、生活方式及技能是以自然的适应作为前提条件。其实质造就了游牧文化中的物质生产的特征,进而决定了整个生产、生活方式的某些基本特征。如游牧生产具有游移性、实用性、简约性、稳定性;有适应游牧的家畜;有与环境相适应的生活用品,如适应游牧的衣物、食品、毡房等;在畜牧生产中有四季草地的利用标准;畜群结构的控制;转场中的环保习俗;狩猎中的习俗等。哈萨克族有适应游牧生活的独特的民族手工艺产业。     

牛胎儿皮肤成纤维细胞体外培养及其特性研究

该试验研究了牛胎儿皮肤成纤维细胞的分离、培养、纯化方法及其生长特征.牛胎儿皮肤细胞贴壁传代2～4次.可成功获得均一稳定的成纤维细胞群体.取传至4代的牛胎儿皮肤成纤维细胞进行细胞计数,并绘制其生长曲线.     

益康XP替代抗生素对早期断奶藏羔羊应激和免疫的影响

选取早期断奶([55±2)日龄,体重(7.91±0.83)kg]藏羔羊42只,随机分为3组(每组14只,公母各半),饲喂基础日粮为粗蛋白和能量水平分别为18.02%和12.95 MJ/kg开口料。试验Ⅰ组为基础日粮,试验Ⅱ组为基础日粮+1%益康XP,试验Ⅲ组为基础日粮+0.03%莫能菌素。对早期断奶藏羔羊血清中反应应激的酶类指标(Cor、CK、LDH、AST、ALP)和免疫指标(IgG、IgA、IgM)进行了测定。试验结果表明:各试验组的Cor、CK、AST和LDH差异不显著(P>0.05),但Cor、CK试验Ⅱ组小于其它两组,AST试验Ⅱ组小于试验Ⅲ组、LDH试验Ⅲ组小于其它两组;ALP试验Ⅱ组明显大于试验Ⅲ组(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组IgG、IgA、IgM高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组藏羔羊的日增重明显高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组,差异显著(P<0.01);试验Ⅱ组藏羔羊的日采食量高于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组,试验Ⅱ组对藏羔羊的腹泻率明显低于试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。综合评价表明基础日粮中添加益康XP能减小藏羔羊的早期断奶应激,提高早期断奶藏羔羊免疫机能,是抗生素的一种优良替代品。     

猪卵巢颗粒细胞分离培养及鉴定

为构建猪卵巢颗粒细胞的体外培养体系,研究毒素的生殖毒性奠定基础,采用机械分离法从1～5 mm的卵泡中提取猪卵巢颗粒细胞,苔盼蓝染色计算细胞存活率,Giemsa染色和结晶紫染色观察细胞形态,免疫细胞化学染色方法检测促卵泡刺激素受体(FSHR)表达来鉴定颗粒细胞,MTT方法测定细胞生长曲线.结果显示分离提取的猪卵巢颗粒细胞存活率为65%左右,细胞纯度＞97%,细胞结构完整,边缘分明,胞核呈卵圆形位于靠近胞质的中央.另外细胞生长曲线表明,细胞从24 h开始进入对数生长期,并于96 h达到最高密度,之后进入平台期.分离培养的颗粒细胞生长状态良好,且细胞纯度＞97%,是理想的适合进行毒素生殖毒理学的细胞培养体系.     

两种奶牛功能性添加剂效果对比试验

选取泌乳期高产和低产奶牛各18头。高产和低产中各随机选取9头在日粮中添加纤维素复合酶,添加量为0．1kg／t精料;其余18头在日粮中添加酵母培养物,添加量为2kg／t精料。结果显示,高产组饲喂纤维素复合酶的奶牛试验期第35天时产奶量显著高于饲喂酵母培养物的奶牛（P=0．024）,低产组饲喂纤维素复合酶的奶牛试验期内产奶量呈稳步上升趋势;高产组饲喂纤维素复合酶的奶牛乳脂率在试验期28天显著高于同组中饲喂酵母培养物的奶牛（P=0．022）,乳蛋白率在试验第7天（P=0．044）和第28天（P=0．018）显著高于同组中饲喂酵母培养物的奶牛。     

Mouse embryo co‐culture with autologous cumulus cells and fetal development post‐embryo transfer

This study was conducted to examine the potential for implantation and sustainable fetal development of mouse embryos cultured from the pronuclear to blastocyst stage. Pronuclear embryos from ICR mice (Harlan Sprague‐Dawley) were cultured in Sydney IVF sequential media (Cook) to the blastocyst stage in medium only or co‐cultured with autologous cumulus cells. We also experimented with co‐culture in 100 µL drops. Drop co‐culture produced blastocyst formation rates with a mean of 47.0%, which was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to embryos cultured in identical culture conditions except without cumulus cells at 27.3%. Blastocysts obtained in vitro in Cook medium only and co‐cultured in Cook medium with cumulus cells were transferred to pseudopregnant females of ICR strain. The day of blastocyst transfer into surrogate females was designated as post‐transfer of blastocyst day 1 (PT 1). The implantation and fetal development was compared to embryo transfer of in vivo derived blastocysts, which served as controls. There were no statistical differences for implantation and fetal development rates for blastocysts cultured in vitro in either Cook medium only or co‐culture in Cook medium with cumulus cells compared to in vivo‐derived blastocysts. The advantage of the co‐culture system is in generating more blastocysts available for transfer.     

Successful treatment of infectious (Salmonella type III: 44) polyarthritis and osteomyelitis in a 4‐week‐old foal

This article describes the acute onset of infectious polyarthritis and osteomyelitis in a 4‐week‐old foal. Analysis of synovial fluid obtained from the left femoropatellar and right tarsocrural joints combined with clinical signs consisting of joint effusion and lameness yielded a diagnosis of septic arthritis. Bacterial culture of synovial fluid from the left stifle revealed Salmonella type III: 44. Rapid, sustained clinical improvement was noted following discontinuation of empirical antimicrobial therapy (potassium penicillin and amikacin sulphate) and initiation of treatment with ceftiofur and ampicillin. The importance of combining knowledge of veterinary pharmacology and microbiology so that appropriate antimicrobials may be selected with regard to the local environment in which they are to eradicate infection is emphasised. Despite frequent reference to amikacin sulphate as an effective antimicrobial for treating infections in foals caused by Salmonella, factors are discussed that explain why amikacin may not be clinically effective for treating infectious arthritis caused by Salmonella.