Removal of flowers or inflorescences affects ‘Barnea’ olive fruitlet post-anthesis abscission

A typical olive (Olea europaea L.) inflorescence consists of about 20 flowers. However, in many cultivars, only one fruit develops. This is due to massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets, which occurs during the first month after anthesis. In this study, we used the olive cultivar 'Barnea' to characterize the abscission mechanism and to try to increase fruit set by increasing the number of developed fruit per inflorescence. Removing the lateral flowers 3 weeks before anthesis increased fruit set by more than 50%. Removing all inflorescences but one from a branch increased the number of developed fruits from 0.93 to 2.8 during 2017 and from 0.91 to 3.34 fruits per inflorescence in 2018. Sugar quantification in the pistil revealed that starch level is high on the day of anthesis and low 25 days later in abscised as well as in developed fruit. Soluble carbohydrates are low on the day of anthesis, low in abscised flowers/fruitlets 25 days after anthesis and high in developed fruit. Screening the natural variation found in the Israeli germplasm collection revealed that in most cultivars less than one fruit per inflorescence has developed. However, there are unique cultivars with a higher fruit set.     

昆虫病原线虫生物防控草地贪夜蛾的室内及田间效果和影响因素

联合国粮食及农业组织2018年向全球发布草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda是重要的预警害虫。据报道,2019年我国已有26个省（区、市）的作物受到草地贪夜蛾为害。目前已经发现草地贪夜蛾幼虫对某些化学农药产生抗性的现象,为缓解其抗药性产生,具有主动寻找寄主害虫的昆虫病原线虫为草地贪夜蛾的生物防治提供了应用潜能。该文从昆虫病原线虫高效侵染种（品系）及其浓度、共生菌、草地贪夜蛾幼虫易感龄期、田间致死力及影响防控效果的因素等方面进行综述,以期为田间有效利用昆虫病原线虫防治草地贪夜蛾提供参考。     

黄土丘陵区垄沟改良措施对玉米水分利用效率的影响

选择延安地区作为黄土丘陵区的代表,在延安地区应用地膜、液态地膜、保水剂、PAM(土壤改良剂)和间作套种措施优化大垄沟种植方式种植玉米,分析了不同优化措施种植玉米的水分利用效率。结果表明,地膜、保水剂、PAM和间作方式有利于大垄沟较好地保持土壤水分,其保水能力分别比平种高出17.4%、8.5%、11.6%、5.3%;液态地膜、地膜、间作和PAM表现出很好的增产效果,其产量分别比平种高出77.7%、72.0%、64.1%、30.8%。     

基于全基因序列的中国北方3省(区)马铃薯Y病毒遗传多样性分析

本研究以马铃薯Y病毒(PVY)全基因组为基础,分析吉林、黑龙江和内蒙古3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性和群体分化,并评估突变、重组、选择等遗传力所起的作用。根据已报道的PVY全基因序列保守区设计4对引物,采用片段重叠法对来自内蒙古和吉林的24个PVY分离物全基因序列进行测定,并联合NCBI中已登录的9个黑龙江分离物全基因组序列进行遗传多样性参数评估、群体分化检验和分子变异等分析。结果显示,我国北方3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性高,其中内蒙古和黑龙江PVY群体遗传多样性高于吉林群体,并且3个群体之间呈现一定程度的遗传分化。分子变异分析发现在PVY基因组中存在1 786个变异位点,表明我国北方3省(区)PVY群体变异程度较高,并且这种高变异度有85.54%来自各个马铃薯种植区内PVY个体的遗传变异。重组分析和系统发育分析发现,我国北方3省(区)PVY群体中重组株系占比高达90.3%,并具有明显的株系多样性,表明PVY重组株系已成为我国北方3省(区)马铃薯种植区的流行株系。选择压力分析显示,使用FEL和IFEL法分别检测出501个和315个净化压力选择位点,这表明3省(区)PVY群体受净化选择压力为主。以上结果表明,中国北方3省(区)PVY群体遗传多样性高,突变、重组和自然选择都对遗传多样性和群体分化存在一定影响。     

用免疫分离法检测稻种上的白叶枯病菌

 免疫分离法是一种新型的、高度灵敏和准确的种菌带菌检验法,它结合了利用专化性抗血清的选择法吸附作用和活细菌可形成菌落的两方面的优点,从种苗材料中分离到目标细菌,用纯菌测试它的回收率为50~70%,最低检出率为50~100个菌/ml,人工喷接种和病田收获的病种带菌率达87%,平均每粒自然病种上的细菌数在100个左右。免疫分离所得菌落经致病性测定,大多数为白叶枯菌。     

引起浙贝母黑斑病的交链格孢单抗及检测试纸条的制备

浙贝母黑斑病是危害浙贝母茎叶的重要真菌性病害之一, 该病侵染叶片产生叶斑?叶枯, 严重时全株枯死?本研究制备了针对浙贝母黑斑病致病菌交链格孢Alternaria alternata的单克隆抗体(单抗), 并开发了胶体碳免疫层析试纸条用于黑斑病早期精准检测?以交链格孢提取液免疫Bal b/c小鼠, 采用杂交瘤技术制备单抗, 间接ELISA法和Western blot分析单抗的效价?灵敏度?特异性?抗体类型及结合蛋白?以双抗夹心法制备胶体碳免疫层析试纸条?得到3种针对交链格孢的单抗及其杂交瘤细胞株AaA1?AaC2和AaC5?3种单抗对交链格孢均具有高度特异性, 灵敏度为12.21~24.41 ng/mL, 效价≥6.40×105, 抗体类型分别为IgG2a?IgG3和IgG3, 结合蛋白的分子量分别为37?62 kDa和66 kDa?以AaA1为碳标单抗, AaC2为划膜单抗的胶体碳试纸条检测交链格孢的方法快速简便?准确灵敏?经济环保?从田间采样到出结果用时少于15 min, 样品简单研磨后取汁液加入加样孔即完成全部操作, 对交链格孢抗原的检测灵敏度为6.25 μg/mL, 试纸条采用环保材料制备, 单个试纸条的成本约1.7元?     

云南苹果产区苹果茎沟病毒(ASGV)的发现及其分子变异

【目的】为了查明云南省苹果产区的苹果茎沟病毒病毒(Apple stem grooving virus,ASGV)的侵染情况和不同来源分离物间的分子变异情况,【方法】以云南昭通、丽江、昆明、曲靖等地采集的325份苹果病毒样品为试材,采用RT-PCR技术对其是否携带ASGV进行检测,运用DNAMAN6.0、MEGA5.0对实验获得的6个分离物和GenBank上已登录的34个分离物进行序列比对分析。【结果】ASGV在云南各大苹果产区的发病率高达48%。序列比对结果显示,这些分离物的核苷酸序列相似性为87.3%～93.8%,氨基酸序列相似性为90.7%～98.7%。系统发育树显示,云南的6个分离物聚为一簇,而陕西省苹果分离物YL06与云南省分离物ZT1、TJX1亲缘关系比较近,聚为一支;ASGV苹果分离物要明显区别于ASGV梨分离物和CTLV柑橘分离物。【结论】云南省苹果产区苹果树的ASGV带毒率高达48%,推测可能是一种发生率比较普遍的病毒病,这是云南省发现的首次报道。系统发育树显示:本研究获得的6个苹果分离物明显区别于其他寄主分离物,并且与其他地区的分离物具有一定差异,推测在我国,ASGV的分子变异与寄主/地域来源存在着一定的相关性。     

Identification,Characteristics and Function of Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) in the Agar Biosynthesis and Carbon Flux in the Agarophyte Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Rhodophyta)

Agar is widely applied across the food, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries, owing to its various bioactive functions. To better understand the agar biosynthesis in commercial seaweed Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis, the activities of four enzymes participating in the agar biosynthesis were detected, and phosphoglucomutase (PGM) was confirmed as highly correlated with agar accumulation. Three genes of PGM (GlPGM1, GlPGM2 and GlPGM3) were identified from the G. lemaneiformis genome. The subcellular localization analysis validated that GlPGM1 was located in the chloroplast and GlPGM3 was not significantly distributed in the organelles. Both the GlPGM1 and GlPGM3 protein levels showed a remarkable consistency with the agar variations, and GlPGM3 may participate in the carbon flux between (iso)floridoside, floridean starch and agar synthesis. After treatment with the PGM inhibitor, the agar and floridean starch contents and the activities of floridean starch synthase were significantly decreased; products identified in the Calvin cycle, the pentose phosphate pathway, the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were depressed; however, lipids, phenolic acids and the intermediate metabolites, fructose-1,6-phosphate were upregulated. These findings reveal the essential role of PGM in regulating the carbon flux between agar and other carbohydrates in G. lemaneiformis, providing a guide for the artificial regulation of agar accumulation.     

烟草航天诱变突变体叶形遗传分析及基因定位

利用航天诱变方法获得烟草品种NC89的突变体NC89-M,与野生型相比,NC89-M叶形呈宽椭圆,叶面褶皱,叶缘呈锯齿状.为明确烟草航天诱变突变体NC89-M叶形突变机理,挖掘突变体叶形突变基因,利用NC89-M与烟草品系2014-168杂交获得F2群体,对F2群体遗传分析表明突变体叶形性状受1对显性主效基因控制.通过...     

花分生组织决定基因APETALA1转化油菜

拟南芥的APETALA1(AP1)是花分生组织的决定基因,同时也是萼片和花瓣正常发育的控制因子.本研究构建了含有AP1基因的植物表达载体PCAP,启动子为CaMV 35S,通过农杆菌侵染法转化油菜.用PCR方法对转基因植株进行了DNA和RNA水平上的分子检测,证明AP1基因已经整合到转基因植株的基因组中,并且得到了有效的表达.获得的转基因植株也表现出提前开花的特性.试验结果表明,AP1基因在促进成花方面的关键作用不具有种属特异性,利用基因工程可以快速高效地进行油菜早熟性的遗传改良.