麝香百合子房离体培养的研究

以麝香百合杂种系品种罗瑞拉(Lorina)的子房为试材,研究了外植体不同消毒方式、不同激素种类及其浓度、黑暗条件对离体培养的影响。结果表明:由于花瓣的包被,对花蕾不消毒也可达到百合子房离体培养的有效消毒效果。最佳愈伤组织诱导培养基为MS 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L 6-BA 1.0 mg/L,最佳分化培养基为MS 6-BA 1.5 mg/L NAA 0.3 mg/L。黑暗条件下培养180 d后转入光照条件下培养可提高愈伤组织诱导率与分化率,并可有效防止外植体的褐化。     

菠萝植株性状相关的通径分析

根据161株菲律宾品种菠萝植株的果实重量、果眼数、叶片数、叶片重和茎重等5个性状的观测数据,进行通径分析,获得关于这些性状的特征数、通径图、通径系数、决定系数;并对通径系数进行显著性检验,建立“最优”回归方程:y=242.292 2.5084x_1 8.3126x_2 0.3663x_3。它的复相关系数为R=0.9275。结果期的菠萝植株所具有的叶片重是影响果实重量的最重要性状。由于性状间均存在着显著的正相关,其他性状(x_1,x_2,x_4)对菠萝果实重量的间接影响也很大,必须同时兼顾。     

牛精子不同获能方法对体外受精效果的影响

为了提高牛体外受精率,探讨牛冷冻精液不同获能方法对体外受精效果的影响,对牛冷冻解冻精液进行了两次离心获能法与一次离心加上游法获能对体外受精效果影响试验.结果表明,两次离心组受精率卵裂率(75.6-±4.5)％与一次离心加上游法组受精卵裂率(76.4±1.9)％无显著差异(P＞0.05);二次离心组囊胚率(35.7±4.1)％与一次离心加上游法组(36.3±2.7)％差异不显著(P＞0.05).而两次离心组却可以大大节省了体外获能时间.     

长期碳酸盐碱度胁迫对脊尾白虾生长及卵巢发育的影响

为探讨碳酸盐碱度对脊尾白虾（Exopalaemon carinicauda）生长及卵巢发育的影响。本研究设置3 mmol/L（对照组）、5 mmol/L和8 mmol/L 3种碳酸盐碱度梯度养殖脊尾白虾60天,比较不同碳酸盐碱度胁迫对脊尾白虾生长性能、组织结构、酶活性以及卵巢发育的影响,结果显示：5 mmol/L组与对照组体长增长率、体重增长率以及成活率差异不显著（P>0.05）,8 mmol/L组体长增长率、体重增长率以及成活率显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。肝胰腺组织切片显示,5 mmol/L组中部分B细胞体积增大,部分转运泡内出现颗粒物质,8 mmol/L组管腔的形态结构严重变形。鳃组织切片显示,5 mmol/L组出现轻微鳃丝肿大现象,角质层略有变形,且角质层下间隙扩张变长,上皮细胞与支柱细胞排列紊乱;8 mmol/L组鳃丝肿大,排列不规则,出现血细胞肿胀现象,鳃丝上皮细胞严重破坏,毛细血管网结构形态改变,角质层下间隙变形。肌肉组织酶活性测定结果显示,5mmol/L组的碳酸酐酶活性显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,Na+/K+-ATP酶活性在肌肉中差异不显著（P>0.05）;肝胰腺组织酶活性测定结果显示,碳酸酐酶在肝胰腺组织中差异不显著（P>0.05）,8 mmol/L组Na+/K+-ATP酶活性显著低于其他组（P<0.05）,鳃组织中,5 mmol/L和8 mmol/L组鳃组织中和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,且两组间差异显著。卵巢发育统计结果显示,三组脊尾白虾卵巢均能发育,其发育至Ⅱ期的百分比分别为20.51%、10.52%和6.25%,其中5 mmol/L组与对照组间无显著差异（P>0.05）,8 mmol/L组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）;3 mmol/L组和5 mmol/L组均有卵巢发育至Ⅲ期的脊尾白虾,但两组差异不显著（P>0.05）,8 mmol/L组未见有卵巢发育至Ⅲ期的脊尾白虾。卵巢组织切片显示,8 mmol/L组卵原细胞细胞排列疏松,周围滤泡细胞排列疏松且数量较少。综上所述,脊尾白虾可以在低于8 mmol/L的碳酸盐碱度中生长发育,但高碳酸盐碱度可能会造成脊尾白虾鳃和肝胰腺组织损伤,导致其生长受到影响,同时猜测高碳酸盐碱度可能也会影响卵巢的发育速度。     

南瓜子房注射法遗传转化的研究

以南瓜品种银辉1号为受体材料,用子房注射法对148个南瓜子房进行aiiA基因的遗传转化处理,共收获115个单瓜,结实率为77.7%。随机抽取56个单瓜,经0.2% Basta水溶液筛选和PCR鉴定,鉴定出7株阳性植株,均来自1个单瓜。再经PCR-Southern Blot鉴定,结果显示均有杂交信号,表明aiiA基因已经整合到银辉1号南瓜基因组DNA中,转化率为0.25%,单瓜转化率为6.36%。     

Removal of flowers or inflorescences affects ‘Barnea’ olive fruitlet post-anthesis abscission

A typical olive (Olea europaea L.) inflorescence consists of about 20 flowers. However, in many cultivars, only one fruit develops. This is due to massive abscission of flowers and fruitlets, which occurs during the first month after anthesis. In this study, we used the olive cultivar 'Barnea' to characterize the abscission mechanism and to try to increase fruit set by increasing the number of developed fruit per inflorescence. Removing the lateral flowers 3 weeks before anthesis increased fruit set by more than 50%. Removing all inflorescences but one from a branch increased the number of developed fruits from 0.93 to 2.8 during 2017 and from 0.91 to 3.34 fruits per inflorescence in 2018. Sugar quantification in the pistil revealed that starch level is high on the day of anthesis and low 25 days later in abscised as well as in developed fruit. Soluble carbohydrates are low on the day of anthesis, low in abscised flowers/fruitlets 25 days after anthesis and high in developed fruit. Screening the natural variation found in the Israeli germplasm collection revealed that in most cultivars less than one fruit per inflorescence has developed. However, there are unique cultivars with a higher fruit set.     

季节对山羊胚胎移植中卵巢及胚胎发育的影响

[目的]探究季节对山羊胚胎移植的影响。[方法]以波尔山羊与槐山羊、豫西白山羊的杂交后代为试验材料做胚胎移植试验,研究相同的处理方案、季节对卵巢及胚胎发育的影响。[结果]卵巢发育以繁殖季节为好,全部为良等级以上,其中好等级占66.7%,非繁殖季节没有好等级,只有良、一般等级;繁殖季节超排的卵泡基本都已排卵,达到84.2%以上,非繁殖季节超排的卵泡数量虽不少,但是排卵形成黄体的少,仅有33.3%;繁殖季节里冲出的胚胎发育到了桑椹胚至早期囊胚阶段,非繁殖季节冲出的胚胎发育到了8~16细胞期。[结论]山羊胚胎移植存在季节性因素的影响,相同的处理方案下,繁殖季节与非繁殖季节超排后卵巢发育存在差异,胚胎发育程度也存在差异。     

Expression Pattern of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Canine Folliculogenesis and its Effect on the Growth and Development of Follicles after Ovarian Organ Culture

In this study, the expressions of VEGF in dog follicles were detected by immunohistochemistry and the effects of VEGF treatment on the primordial to primary follicle transition and on subsequent follicle progression were examined using a dog ovary organ culture system. The frozen‐thawed canine ovarian follicles within slices of ovarian cortical tissue were cultured for 7 and 14 days in presence or absence of VEGF. After culture, the ovaries were fixed, sectioned, stained and counted for morphologic analysis. The results showed that VEGF was expressed in the theca cells of antral follicles and in the granulosa cells nearest the oocyte in preantral follicle but not in granulosa cells of primordial and primary follicles; however, the VEGF protein was expressed in CL. After in vitro culture, VEGF caused a decrease in the number of primordial follicles and concomitant increase in the number of primary follicles that showed growth initiation and reached the secondary and preantral stages of development after 7 and 14 days. Follicular viability was also improved in the presence of VEGF after 7 and 14 days in culture. In conclusion, treatment with VEGF was found to promote the activation of primordial follicle development that could provide an alternative approach to stimulate early follicle development in dogs.     

中国对虾卵巢发育过程中脂肪酸组成的分析及比较研究

通过分析中国对虾亲虾在卵巢发育的不同阶段的卵巢、肝胰脏和肌肉的脂肪酸组成来评估中国对虾在性腺成熟过程中对脂质的需要。从中国对虾亲虾不同组织的脂肪酸组成可见,棕榈酸(16:0)、棕榈油酸(16:1ω7)、油酸(18:1ω9)、二十碳五烯酸(20:5ω3,EPA)及二十二碳六烯酸(22:6ω3,DHA)占主要比例,这与其它海洋甲壳类的脂肪酸组成相类似。中国对虾亲虾的主要脂肪酸组成比例与日本对虾亲虾的主妥脂肪酸组成比例相近似。中国对虾亲虾在不同的卵巢成熟期同一器官中的主要脂肪酸组成比例没有明显的差别,而不同组织的主要脂肪酸组成中都含有大量的ω-3系列的高度不饱和脂肪酸。从成熟卵巢的脂肪酸组成中含有高比例的EPA、DHA含量可见,EPA、DHA在亲虾性腺发育过程中的必需性。     

中国对虾卵黄蛋白原合成部位的研究

十足目甲壳类卵巢中卵黄的来源,在过去的几十年研究中一直存在争议,内源性合成和外源性合成都有报道。本文以雌性中国对虾为实验材料,根据组织学观察确定其发育阶段,试验虾可以分为:卵巢未发育期;卵黄发生前期;初级卵黄发生期和次级卵黄发生期4个时期。从处于不同卵巢发育期对虾的卵巢和肝胰腺中提取总RNA,用RT-PCR的方法初步探讨不同发育期的中国对虾卵巢和肝胰腺中卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达,确定是否存在卵黄蛋白原的合成功能。结果发现,从卵巢未发育期到次级卵黄发生期的卵巢和肝胰腺中都有卵黄蛋白原mRNA的表达,说明二者为卵黄蛋白的合成部位。