发情期蓝狐卵泡发育的显微结构观察

[目的]对发情期蓝狐卵巢的组织结构和卵泡发育过程的变化进行研究。[方法]采集发情期蓝狐的左侧卵巢共计10枚,利用光学显微镜对卵巢的组织结构和卵泡的发育过程进行观察,同时利用目镜测微尺和显微照相技术分别对30个原始卵泡3、0个初级卵泡、15个生长卵泡、15个囊状卵泡、15个成熟卵泡及各级卵泡中的卵母细胞进行测量和拍照。[结果]蓝狐卵巢由生殖上皮、白膜、皮质和髓质构成。皮质内分布着大量的间质细胞及不同发育阶段的卵泡,位于卵巢的外周;髓质位于皮质下层,分布着较多的血管。卵泡发育过程中,各级卵泡和卵母细胞的直径差异较大（卵泡为45.45～974.55μm,卵母细胞为30.23～147.27μm）,在初级卵泡阶段出现透明带物质。卵泡闭锁发生于卵泡生长的各个时期,主要表现为卵母细胞的皱缩,细胞核固缩;颗粒细胞松散、退化。[结论]为揭示雌性蓝狐的生殖机理提供了组织学依据。     

雌性牛蛙卵巢·输卵管组织中肥大细胞的形态学研究

[目的]研究雌性牛蛙卵巢、输卵管组织中肥大细胞的形态及分布。[方法]用改良甲苯胺蓝染色法。[结果]卵巢中肥大细胞分布在卵泡之间,卵泡的白膜上亦见;肥大细胞的形状多样,大小不等,在白膜上的以呈长椭圆形为多见,在卵泡之间的呈圆形、锥形、椭圆形等。输卵管中的肥大细胞均在黏膜层、肌层及外膜层分布,肥大细胞大小不等,形态多样,呈圆形,椭圆形或不规则形。[结论]为丰富和发展两栖动物的生殖内分泌学理论及其开发利用奠定了基础。     

甘蓝型油菜和诸葛菜属间杂种的获得及其特性

采用人工授粉并结合子房培养的方法,进行了甘蓝型油菜和诸葛菜的正反属间杂交。授粉后5~10d,取子房培养于MS或B5培养基(添加6-BA、NAA、水解酪蛋白和活性碳),结果表明,子房培养有助于提高甘蓝型油菜和诸葛菜属间杂种获得频率。不同杂交组合,属间杂交可交配性不同。以诸葛菜为母本的所有杂交组合没有获得成功,但是在以甘蓝型油菜为母本的正交组合中获得了18株属间杂种,其中8株在形态上近似母本湘油15,10株来自于742与诸葛菜杂交组合,表现出完全的雄性不育,幼苗期叶色浅黄,生长发育缓慢,植株矮小,花瓣呈现乳白色,第一次分枝数少且分枝部位较高。形态学和微卫星标记分析表明,这些植株是真正的属间杂种。杂种后代植株(F2代或回交一代)表现多型性,多数植株的性状倾向母本甘蓝型油菜,可育;部分植株表现为双亲的中间型,部分可育;少数植株发育缓慢,不育。这些杂种植株可能是油菜遗传改良的宝贵资源。     

小麦花粉管通道法转基因研究

为了培育抗穗发芽的种质资源,以13个小麦品种(品系)的植株体为受体材料,用花粉管通道及子房注射法进行了硫氧还蛋白反义基因(Anti-TrxS,与穗发芽抗性有直接关系)的遗传转化。花粉管通道法共处理小花2036朵,收获T0代种子1616粒,结实率为79.4%,将T0代种子大田点播成株行,T1代共出苗1424棵,出苗率为88.1%。对T1代苗按品种和处理组合的方式进行抽样检测,抽样株系取10个单株分别提取叶片基因组DNA,然后将单株叶片DNA等量混合,进行株系基因组DNA的PCR检测。检测结果为31个株系中有16个株系呈阳性反应。子房注射法共转化豫麦49、豫麦70、豫麦18、郑新991和95519等5个小麦品种(品系)的小花1206朵,收获种子89粒,结实率为7.4%,T1代共出苗41棵,出苗率为46.1%。对郑新991T1代株系(12棵幼苗的叶片基因组DNA混合样)进行PCR检测,电泳结果呈阳性反应。     

镉对鸡卵巢发育及卵巢组织ATP酶活性的影响

【研究目的】为了探讨镉对性未成熟鸡卵巢发育的毒性机制,从分子水平阐述镉中毒的发病机理,增强人类环境保护意识,避免畜、禽镉中毒的发生。【方法】在饲料中加入140mg/kgCdCl2、210mg/kgCdCl2建立亚慢性镉中毒模型,分别在试验20d、40d、60d取卵巢称重,进行Na -K -ATPase,Mg2 -ATPase和Ca2 -ATPase活性检测。【结果】对照组卵巢组织内Na -K -ATPase,Mg2 -ATPase和Ca2 -ATPase活性随日龄增加呈上升趋势,各时间点酶活性比较差异不显著;加镉组卵巢组织内Na -K -ATPase,Mg2 -ATPase和Ca2 -ATPase活性随日龄增加呈降低趋势,与对照组比较差异显著或极限著,且呈一定的时间-剂量效应。【结论】镉能够抑制性未成熟鸡卵巢发育,降低卵巢组织ATPase活性,二者存在一定相关性。     

应用B超技术监测青年母牛卵巢动态变化的研究

通过B超监测11头青年母牛的卵巢动态变化。显示在自然发情状态下，排卵当天卵巢直径的平均值为18．24mm，排卵前一天平均值为21．94mm，排卵后一天平均值为21．63mm。卵泡发育以卵泡波的形式出现，本实验观察到3—4个卵泡波，以3个卵泡波为主，占81．82％，4个卵泡波的占18．18％；青年母牛左侧卵巢优势卵泡的平均直径为11．71±0．71mm，成熟卵泡的平均直径为14．76±0．94mm；右侧卵巢优势卵泡的平均直径为13．02±1．97mm，成熟卵泡的平均直径为14．34±1．30mm.     

茶壶枣果形多样性形态学观察

观察得知,茶壶枣果实形状个体之间存在着较大差异,茶壶枣的果实不同于骏枣等品种,是由子房、蜜盘、花丝残留组织共同膨大发育形成,而不是单纯由子房膨大发育形成;茶壶枣由于花芽分化不完善,花丝难以与蜜盘或子房分离,开花后花药脱落,留在蜜盘上的花丝组织残迹随蜜盘一起膨大发育而形成果实上的肉状突起。     

Connection between body condition score, chemical characteristics of body and reproductive traits of rabbit does

Body condition scoring (BCS) is widely used to evaluate the nutritional status of livestock (cows, ewes, sows). In intensive systems, rabbit does are generally inseminated 11 days post partum and, due to a hormonal antagonism and an energy deficit caused by concurrent lactation and pregnancy, they show low fertility. The aim of this investigation was to assess an in vivo method for scoring the body condition of does by verifying the association with the body fat depots, the chemical composition of body tissues, the ovarian status, the hormonal response and the reproductive performance. The evaluation of BCS, involving 66 multiparous lactating does inseminated at 11 days post partum, was based on the test of bone protrusions and fullness of muscle of the loin, rump and hind leg. The traits were subjectively scored using 0, 1 and 2 for poor, intermediate and good condition, respectively. For calculating an aggregate BCS, the hind leg score was omitted, because it is less correlated with the real body condition. Adding the respective score (0–2) of the loin and rump regions, 5 classes of BCS were obtained (0–4). This aggregate BCS was highly correlated with the body fat depots (r = 0.79), the ether extract content of muscle samples of Obliquus abdominis (r = 0.87) and Biceps femoris (r = 0.84), and the ether extract of the empty body (r = 0.84). There was a lower correlation with the body weight (r = 0.45). The increase of BCS corresponded to higher lipid content in the body parts considered, especially the Obliquus abdominis (from 2.0 to 10.0%) and fat depots (from 10.6 to 107.7 g/doe). BCS was not related to ovulation rate or embryo production, but was correlated with sexual receptivity and fertility.Plasma FSH and LH concentrations were determined by RIA, 48, 24, 0 h before and 1 h after GnRH administration and artificial insemination. Animals with extreme body condition scores (BCS ≤ 1 or BCS = 4) showed lower plasma FSH levels (20.0 vs. 34.5 ng/mL) than does with optimal body condition (2 ≤ BCS ≤ 3) and their preovulatory LH surge, released after GnRH administration, was less evident (16.9 vs. 20.3 ng/mL). The poor reproductive performance of does with extreme BCS could be explained by this pituitary activity. On day 11 post-partum, a high number of does (71.2%) had extreme BCS and showed a lower sexual receptivity (37.2% vs. 80.0%) and fertility rate (50.9% vs. 86.6%) than does in optimal condition. On these results, the possibility of applying an in vivo method for scoring the body condition of lactating rabbit does appears promising for use in on-farm reproductive management.     

Gossypol,a polyphenolic aldehyde from cotton plant,interferes with swine granulosa cell function

Gossypol is a polyphenol isolated from the seed, roots and stem of cotton plant (Gossypium sp.) It has been associated with adverse effects on female reproduction, but recently also shown having promising effects against several malignancies. Its mechanisms of action are however still not fully understood. This study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of 5 or 25 μg/mL gossypol on swine granulosa cell steroidogenic activity, redox status and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) production. Study demonstrated that gossypol significantly (P < 0.001) inhibited granulosa cell estradiol 17β and progesterone production, an effect that could be at least partially mediated by an increase (P < 0.05) of nitric oxide and superoxide anion production as a consequence of superoxide dismutase inhibition. Moreover, gossypol stimulates (P < 0.001) VEGF production. In conclusion, study has demonstrated effecs of gossypol on swine granulosa cell function in vitro. Effects on female swine fertility can not be excluded.     

鸡生殖器官的组织学特点

通过对５例健康成年罗曼鸡的生殖器官的组织学观察,结果表明：１）鸡睾丸曲细精管生精上皮形成多个细胞柱,各团细胞柱独立完成精子的发生;２）卵巢的的间质内可见到大量成堆分布的嗜酸性粒细胞,这种现象可能与机体的防御能力有关;３）在输卵管的子宫－阴道连接部的粘膜皱襞内存在有精子寄生腺,腺体内的分泌物可较长时间的保持精子的活力。