指纹图谱技术在紫花苜蓿品种鉴定中的发展与应用

品种鉴定是确定品种真实性的一种重要质量检验手段,通过分析比较指纹图谱技术在紫花苜蓿品种鉴定过程中的优势与不足,指出在我国现阶段紫花苜蓿Medicago sativa的品种鉴定应在现有常规技术基础上不断提高完善,并深入开展新技术、新方法的研制,才能为我国紫花苜蓿草产业的健康持续发展提供质量保证.     

More than eating dirt: a review of avian geophagy‡

Geophagy, the ingestion of earth varying in particle size from stones to soils rich in clay, is a relatively widespread behaviour across avian taxa. We reviewed its occurrence in birds and its hypothesised adaptive functions in birds. Of the ～30 avian orders, 23 exhibit geophagy. However, it has only been documented in ～260 species (～2% of birds) and therefor is relatively uncommon. Ingestion of stones and other large particles (grit) is recorded in 54 extant families across the avian phylogeny and appears to be ancient in birds and has evolved several times. Clay ingestion is recorded in 14 phylogenetically scattered families and might have evolved repeatedly. Furthermore, at least nine families exhibit both clay and grit ingestion. Six hypothesised functions of avian geophagy involve digestion and nutrition. Ingested grit might provide (1) essential minerals, particularly sodium or calcium, but it appears to primarily (2) improve mechanical digestion of food in the gizzard, where ingested stones and sand particles are known as gastroliths. Consistent with this gastrolith hypothesis, ～86% of species ingesting grit consume “hard” food: seeds, leaves, insects or other animals. In contrast, ingested clay appears to be for sodium or other nutrient intake and/or protecting birds from ingested plant secondary compounds, by (3) protecting the digestive tract and (4) adsorbing these compounds. Consistent with this, ～88% of species ingesting clay eat fruit that is often rich in secondary compounds and low in sodium, and clay ingestion is associated with frugivory in a representative sample of genera of which many have been shown to source sodium. The other two hypotheses are buffering gastric pH (5) and acquiring antidiarrheal agents (6), but no documentation of this in birds was found. We suggest additional tests of these hypotheses and additional investigation of these proposed benefits of geophagy in birds.     

柔毛野豌豆根瘤菌接种效果试验研究

对柔毛野豌豆进行了根瘤菌接种,使柔毛野豌豆的产草量提高了６０％－６９％,土壤多固氮３０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,改良了土壤,增加了绿肥效果,为促进生态农业和生态畜牧业的有机结合开辟了新途径。     

悬浮培养在口蹄疫疫苗中的应用

通过生物反应器中进行BHK21细胞悬浮培养并逐级放大,分别接种口蹄疫OJMS/2000株与Asia 1/JSL株,纯化灭活后制备50批疫苗,结果均符合《口蹄疫O型、亚洲I型二价疫苗（OJMS株＋JSL株）制造及检验规程》（以下称规程）所规定的各项标准,病毒146S抗原含量比转瓶培养提高10倍以上、疫苗的不良反应得到进一步改善。     

22份百脉根种质资源表型数量性状的遗传多样性分析

本研究对22份百脉根(Lotus corniculatus)种质资源的11个表型性状指标进行多样性研究分析。结果表明：除种宽外,22份百脉根种质间的表型性状均存在显著变异,表型性状指标变异幅度为12.11%～69.48%,各表型性状之间存在显著或极显著相关性。主成分分析表明,茎长、株高、冠幅、种子周长、种子长、种子宽和种子长宽比的主成分载荷较高,是造成百脉根种质表型性状差异的主要因素。根据聚类分析将22份百脉根种质分为3个类群,其中,第Ⅰ类群种质的种子小,但植株高大,第Ⅱ类群种质的种子小且植株矮小,第Ⅲ类群种质的种子和种荚大但植株矮小。综合评价11和12号这2份种质资源整体表现优良,且归属于第Ⅲ类群,具有种荚和种子较大的特性,可作为选育种子高产品种的目标亲本利用。本研究结果可为百脉根的种质应用和品种选育提供理论参考。     

ANGIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF BOVINE FOOT ABNORMALITIES

Angiography of normal and diseased feet in cattle was carried out. In osteomyelitis of distal phalanx there was a narrowing of the digital artery with diminished vascular supply to the affected digit. An area of bone necrosis was found to be avascular. With overgrown hooves, narrowing of both the medial and lateral digital arteries with ill-defined laminar vessels was seen. The vascular pattern in cattle with cork screw claws was characterized by a dilated tortuous digital artery and a crowded arterial network resulting in increased vascular supply in the affected claw. Abrupt stricture of common digital artery, a crowded vascular network in the area of the middle phalanx and filling defects of terminal arches were demonstrated in animals with exostosis     

基于近红外预测羊草水分含量的特征光谱模型研究

水分是牧草最为重要的品质属性,水分含量的多少直接影响牧草品质的变化。羊草（Leymus chinensis）因富含重要的维生素、蛋白质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、脂肪等家畜必需营养成分,在收获和储藏过程中极易受到生长地的水、土、气等的影响而发生营养成分损失或变质,因此为了有效降低冗余无信息变量,提高羊草水分含量近红外模型的预测精度和稳定性,本研究采用4种光谱特征区间选择方法,包括间隔偏二乘法（Interval partial least-squares regression,iPLS）、向后区间偏最小二乘法（Backward interval PLS,BiPLS）、联合区间偏最小二乘法（Synergy interval PLS,SiPLS）、和连续投影算（Successive projections algorithm,SPA）建立羊草水分含量的预测模型。结果表明：SiPLS方法最适合用于羊草水分含量特征波长的筛选,其次为BiPLS方法,最差的方法为iPLS,同时,相对分析误差（Residual predictive deviation,RPD）=2.648>2.50。这表明SiPLS的近红外光谱模型在预测羊草水分含量的应用上完全可行,预测精度在96.13%以上。