基于淘宝平台的观赏水草种类应用与分析

观赏水草是水族箱的重要组成部分,其消费日渐成熟。淘宝在售的观赏水草有淡水观赏水草17科22属96种(含品种),海水观赏水草10科11属13种。其中,淡水观赏水草有20种只具有观赏用途,占总种数的20.83%;76种兼具稳定水质和观赏用途,占总种数的79.17%。海水观赏水草有3种只具有观赏用途,2种兼具观赏和净化水质的用途,8种具有观赏、净化水质和饲用3种用途。淡水种类绝大部分都是外来种,仅13种在中国有分布,仅占总种数的13.54%;海水种类由于海水传播的特殊性,均为全球广布种或东太平洋种类。     

Induction of tetraploidy in meristematically active seeds of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii var. atropurpurea) through exposure to colchicine and oryzalin

Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC) is an invasive shrub, widely naturalized across the United States, whose numerous cultivars remain an important horticultural commodity. Maintaining this crop for the future necessitates the development of sterile clones. Exposure to the mitotic inhibitors colchicine and oryzalin is a traditional method for inducing tetraploidy in breeding lines as a precursor to creating sterile genotypes. Treatments utilized pre-germinated B. t. var. atropurpurea seeds with emerged radicles. Seeds were immersed in aqueous solutions of colchicine (.02%, .05%, .1% and .2%) and oryzalin (.002%, .005%, .01% and .02%) dissolved in 1% DMSO for 6, 12 and 24 h durations. Seedling ploidy level was determined via flow cytometry following 6 and 52 weeks of growth in the greenhouse. Both anti-mitotic chemicals proved effective at inducing tetraploidy and produced comparable efficiency rates. The survival rate of treated seeds decreased in response to both increased mitotic inhibitor concentration and longer exposure duration. While exposure to oryzalin produced greater seed mortality than colchicine, most seedlings that survived had altered ploidy levels. The most efficient oryzalin concentration was 0.002% with a rating of 28%, while the most efficient colchicine concentrations were in the range from 0.05% to 0.2%. Duration of exposure to mitotic inhibitor was not a significant factor over the range from 6 to 24 h. Reversion of tetraploid plants to the diploid state occurred at a low frequency following a dormancy period. Some tetraploid seedlings derived from exposure to both chemicals displayed foliar abnormalities including irregular leaf margins and mottled lamina. The primary advantage of colchicine was low seedling toxicity, while oryzalin was notable for its ability to induce tetraploidy at low concentrations.     

驻马店市蔷薇科观赏植物资源调查研究

驻马店观赏植物种类32科59属120种,其中蔷薇科植物17属33种.对蔷薇科植物进行了分类、对其特征特性作了简要描述,对应用现状进行了分析.     

观赏番茄观赏茄子双向嫁接研究

利用观赏茄子的一个分枝作砧木,观赏番茄作接穗;观赏番茄的一个侧枝作砧木,观赏茄子作接穗进行观赏番茄观赏茄子双向嫁接研究。试验结果表明,观赏番茄作接穗时嫁接成活率明显高于观赏茄子作接穗时的嫁接成活率,能否嫁接成活与嫁接时的砧木、接穗的茎粗有一定的关系,本试验中观赏番茄、观赏茄子茎粗在0.5 cm时嫁接成活率最高。     

2个锦鲤人工养殖群体遗传多样性的微卫星标记分析

采用13对微卫星引物,对2个锦鲤(Ornamental carp)人工养殖群体的遗传多样性进行了研究.结果表明,锦鲤群体的遗传多样性水平较高;其平均等位基因数(A)为7.86和8.37;2个群体的平均观测杂合度(Ho)为0.7911和0.7928,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.6735和0.6792,平均多态信息含量为0.7145和0.7192.群体间的遗传距离为0.1057,遗传相似度为0.9011.13个微卫星位点可用于锦鲤群体的遗传学研究.     

FlorTree: A unifying modelling framework for estimating the species-specific pollution removal by individual trees and shrubs

Atmospheric pollution is a threatening problem around the world, with tropospheric ozone (O₃), nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) and particulate matter (PM₁₀) among the most harmful pollutants for citizens’ health. Nature-based solutions such as urban trees can cut down air concentrations of these pollutants thanks to stomatal uptake and dry deposition on their canopies and, in addition, uptake carbon dioxide (CO₂) and store carbon in their tissues. Unfortunately, some species emit biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (bVOCs) that are O₃-precursors leading to air quality deterioration. As a proper selection of species is essential for urban greening, we developed an innovative single-tree model (FlorTree) to estimate the maximum flux of air pollutants. FlorTree considered species-specific parameters, such as tree morphology (height and crown leaf area), leaf/shoot structure, leaf habit (deciduous/evergreen) and eco-physiological responses to environmental factors, for 221 urban tree and shrub species. We applied the FlorTree model to examine i) which are the best species for air pollution removal in the case study of Florence (Italy) and ii) whether the species-specific removal performance is affected by different climate and air pollution conditions in other cities, namely Bucharest (Romania) and Tokyo (Japan). Results suggested that 24 tall trees (mainly broadleaves belonging to Tilia, Acer and Fraxinus genus) may be recommended for Florence due to their large crowns at maturity (50 years old), relatively high stomatal conductance and no bVOCs release. These general characteristics, however, were affected by climatic and pollutant conditions, suggesting that FlorTree must be applied to the local conditions. Therefore, our results demonstrated that FlorTree can be applied in any city for maximizing the air quality improvement by urban trees.     

紫茉莉品系观赏性状与遗传多样性的AFLP分析

[目的]紫茉莉(Mirabilis jalapa Linn)是中国传统乡土花卉,研究不同种质的观赏性状,对利用这些资源进行杂交育种筛选后代、提高育种的针对性和加快育种进程具有重要的意义.[方法]本研究对具代表性的9个紫茉莉品系进行了株高、花型、花色、童期等观赏性状的比较,并利用扩增片段长度多态性(amplified fragment length polymorphism,AFLP)分子标记技术进行分析.[结果]紫茉莉的观赏性状主要包括株高、花型、花色、童期等,传统分类法可分为高株系统和矮株系统,花型为重瓣和单瓣,其花色有白色、粉色共9种颜色,多样性丰富.通过AFLP技术,采用8对引物组合共扩增出2 569条谱带,其中多态性条带2 488条,多态性条带比率为96.85％,平均每对引物扩增出321个位点,311个多态性位点.9个品系的相似性系数在0.2357～0.6493之问,平均值为0.4425,每个位点的有效等位基因数为1.2044,平均多样性指数为0.2127,遗传相似性系数最高的是5号和8号,达到0.6493,最低的是3和7,为0.2357.[结论]根据遗传相似性系数进行聚类分析,可将紫茉莉品系分为矮株型Ⅰ类和高株型Ⅱ类,分子聚类结果与表型性状特征分类结果较为一致,而在每一类中具体的观赏性状聚类存在一定差异.通过形态性状与分子标记为紫茉莉品系的研究,为进一步育种利用提供参考.     

观赏桃植物空间营造探析

植物空间营造是植物造景的重要组成部分。笔者以观赏桃为研究对象,介绍了观赏桃的不同树形与品种,并将观赏桃的空间形态限定要素概括为基面、竖向分隔面及覆盖面,进而从空间体量与尺度、空间形状与比例、空间通透度、空间实体景观的艺术处理4个方面研究观赏桃空间营造手法。详细探讨了观赏桃适宜的空间尺度、观赏距离和植物高度比值,全围合、半围合和焦点型观赏桃植物空间的围合方式,以及高低错落、疏密有致的观赏桃空间立面设计思路,最后从主从与重点、对比与协调、均衡与稳定、比例与尺度、韵律与节奏5个方面总结了观赏桃多样统一的空间实体景观艺术处理手法,以期为其他植物景观的营造提供参考。     

岷江上游观赏植物资源初步调查与评价

野生观赏植物资源是园林产业发展的基础。通过对岷江上游野生观赏植物资源历时2a的调查研究表明,该区野生观赏植物资源极其丰富,仅在此次调查中就涉及到54科174属546种,分别占该区已知雏管束植物总科、属、种数的34．8％、29．1％和27．8％,其观赏特性与园林用途多种多样,区系分布表现出极高的种群多样性。资源分布总体趋势为低海拔地区多于高海拔地区,但不同观赏特性的植物资源分布有一定的差异;某些观赏植物种群分布范围狭窄或处于濒危状态;一些植物拥有多种开发利用价值。建议在不同海拔地区针对植物资源建立一定数量的自然保护区,并深入开展资源调查研究工作,探索资源开发与经营的合理模式,保护该地区的生态系统及生物多样性,为发展园林产业和其他生物产业提供可持续的供给源泉。     

园林红叶植物新贵——红叶石楠

介绍了红叶石楠的形态特征和生物学特征、适宜种植的区域和4个常见的栽培品种,并对红叶石楠的大田育苗及管理技术、园林绿化中的观赏价值、应用和病虫害的防治等方面进行了探讨。