电商环境下食用菌“线上+线下”的营销体系构建

电商环境下,推动食用菌电商营销与渠道营销融合发展,构建"线上+线下"的营销体系,对全面提升食用菌产品的市场影响力,助力产业转型升级有重要意义。通过以电商环境为基础,分析食用菌"线上+线下"营销体系的构建价值与主要特征,提出技术支持、消费者主导和渠道整合等具体建议,以进一步推动食用菌产品营销发展。     

菌类合理饮食搭配对健康的影响

健康的饮食结构、合理的膳食对人体的健康具有重要的意义。菌类食品作为重要的健康食品,在饮食中合理搭配菌类食品,不仅能够提供人体所必须的营养物质,而且菌类食品独特的药用价值,能够提升人体的免疫力,对人的身体健康大有裨益。     

水肥气一体化在设施甜瓜栽培上的应用

为了改善三亚设施甜瓜栽培过程中因根系环境缺氧造成甜瓜减产的现状,引进微纳米气泡发生器作为甜瓜灌溉用水的增氧装置。结合三亚现有以滴灌为主的水肥一体化栽培技术,设计了供水系统、过滤系统、施肥系统、管道系统、增氧系统装置,研发出了具体的增氧和肥水管理方案及其配套的设施甜瓜栽培技术,实现了三亚设施甜瓜水肥气一体化高效栽培,有效提高了甜瓜的产量和品质,实现667 m~2增收1 612～2 012元。     

Influence of elevated protein and tannin-rich peanut skin supplementation on growth performance,blood metabolites,carcass traits and immune-related gene expression of grazing meat goats

The aim of the present study was to define whether elevated rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) supplementation would affect animal growth performance, average daily gain (ADG), blood metabolites, carcass traits associated with lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions in meat goats grazing winter wheat (WW). Thirty-six Kiko-crossbreed male goats at approximately 6 months of age were blocked by body weight (BW; 25.6 ± 1.1 kg) and randomly assigned to one of the four treatments with two replicates based on a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diets contained PS replacing alfalfa meal (ALM), without or with RUP supplementation. Both PS and ALM were incorporated into grain mix portion of the diet and pelletized, with remaining diets fed ad libitum of WW forage for a period of 51 days. Lipogenic genes examined included SCD, ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4, while immune-related genes examined included ACTB (as a control gene), H3F3A, PPIA, IRF3, STAT2, HERC3 and IFIT3 antibody genes. The meat goats on PS-pellet-supplemented group with or without RUP supplementation grew 38.5% faster ADG (p < .001) when compared to control-supplemented group. When goats received PS diet, empty body weight, hot carcass, cold carcass, shoulder, hind shank, rack, loin and fat thickness were greater (p < .05) than control diet. Animals on PS-pellet had higher ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4 gene expression (p < .05) when compared to ALM-pellet control, with RUP by PS-pellet interactions (p < .01). Goats receiving additional RUP supplementation had increased (p < .05) STAT2 gene expression, whereas goats receiving PS-pellet supplementation showed increased STAT2 (p < .05) and a tendency to increase IRF3 (p = .07) gene expressions. In conclusion, the addition of PS-pellet or RUP supplementation has the potential to improve ADG and altered selected lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions.     

Treating the locoregional lymph nodes with radiation and/or surgery significantly improves outcome in dogs with high‐grade mast cell tumours

High‐grade canine mast cell tumours (HG‐MCT) have a high rate of locoregional relapse. In this study, dogs with HG‐MCT treated with radiation therapy (RT) were retrospectively evaluated to determine the benefit associated with treating the locoregional lymph nodes (LNs). Forty‐two dogs were included. Variables assessed for association with overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) included WHO stage, tumour location and size, LN irradiation (prophylactic, therapeutic or none), LN treatment (yes or no), LN status at RT (metastatic or nonmetastatic) and RT intent (definitive vs palliative). Lower‐stage disease at irradiation was significantly associated with prolonged median PFS (425 vs 125 days for stage 0 vs 1‐4), and OS (615 vs 314 days for stage 0 vs 1‐4). Having any LN treatment and definitive RT were both significantly associated with prolonged OS. In order to evaluate the role of LN irradiation, dogs were divided into subgroups: (a) stage 0 at irradiation with no LN treatment (n = 14), (b) stage 0 at irradiation with prophylactic LN irradiation (n = 6), (c) stage 0 at irradiation but previously stage 2 (n = 5) and (d) stage >0 at irradiation (n = 17). Prophylactic LN irradiation significantly prolonged PFS (>2381 vs 197 days; group B vs A). Interestingly, dogs that were stage 2 and had LN treatment (C) had prolonged OS vs dogs with negative LNs and no LN treatment (A) (1908 vs 284 days; P = .012). This study confirms that prophylactic and therapeutic LN irradiation in dogs with HG‐MCT is beneficial and improves outcome.     

洛克沙胂对苋菜生长、营养成分及食用安全的影响

为了研究含洛克沙胂(ROX)禽畜排泄物的大量施用对叶菜安全生产带来的影响,本文以苋菜种子和幼苗为材料,分析了ROX处理下种子萌发、幼苗生长、营养以及抗营养成分含量的变化。结果显示:ROX处理抑制了苋菜种子胚根和幼苗根系伸长,导致株高、叶面积和生物量降低;损伤了苋菜叶片PSII的结构和功能,导致植株光合能力降低;ROX处理对苋菜有机营养含量影响相对较小,但促进了砷和硝酸盐在苋菜体内积累,苋菜可食部分砷含量超出WHO、FAO以及我国规定的食品和蔬菜砷含量限量标准,硝酸盐含量达到中度和重度污染水平。可见,土壤中的兽药ROX残留不仅会抑制种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低叶菜产量,同时还可能通过砷化物和硝酸盐的累积,降低叶菜品质,增大人类的患癌风险。因此,从叶菜安全角度考虑需要限制ROX的施用。     

延庆县观赏及食用向日葵品种的评价与筛选

为筛选出适宜于延庆县种植、兼具景观价值的食用向日葵品种,以推广品种LD5009为对照,对9个引进品种的适应性、抗逆性、观赏性和丰产性进行评价。初步结果表明:在观赏性方面,3个引进品种PH1122,T1123,X3939和对照LD5009一样表现出较高的观赏性;在丰产性方面,SH363、PH1122和KC911的产量最高,3 775.5、3 730.5、3 634.5kg/hm2,分别比对照增产33.10%、31.52%和28.13%,并且达到了极显著的水平。PH1122是参试品种中观赏性与丰产性都比较突出的品种,株高218.3cm,花期20d,产量达3 730.5kg/hm2,是适合作为延庆地区打造大地景观的食葵品种;T1123株高212.3cm、花期19d、产量3 354kg/hm2,X3939株高196.0cm、花期20d、产量2 892kg/hm2,二者花期较长且具有一定的产量优势,可以作为农田景观构建的备选品种。     

北海市厚皮甜瓜种植精细化气候区划

[目的]开展北海市甜瓜种植区精细化气候区划,为北海市甜瓜产业发展提供参考依据.[方法]根据甜瓜生长与气象条件的关系,结合北海甜瓜生产实际,确定北海市甜瓜种植的精细化气候区划指标;基于北海市19个气象站的气象资料和地理属性,建立区划指标空间分布模型;借助GIS技术完成北海市甜瓜种植的气候区划.[结果]北海市的沙田、山口、白沙及闸口镇等地区8～12月＞10℃有效积温超过1770℃、＜10℃天数不足3.2 d、昼夜温差较大、降雨天数最少(沙田镇除外),日照相对较足,划分为甜瓜种植最适宜区;公馆、常乐、廉州、福成、南康、兴港、营盘、银滩、海城区、地角等地区及涠洲岛的气候条件能满足厚皮甜瓜生长需要,能出产较高品质的甜瓜,划分为甜瓜种植适宜区;沙岗、石湾、石康、曲樟、平阳镇等地区的气候要素资源分布较均匀,资源量均在适宜区至次适宜区间,划分为甜瓜种植次适宜区;西场、乌家、星岛湖乡等地区＞10℃有效积温最少,降雨天数最多,降水量大,且昼夜温差较小,＜10℃天数最多,容易出现冻害,划分为不适宜种植区.[结论]基于北海市自动气象站气象资料和地理属性及借助GIS技术,可将北海市厚皮甜瓜种植区细化为最适宜区、适宜区、次适宜区和不适宜区.     

不同部位籽瓜果皮电学特性分析

为探究不同部位籽瓜果皮电学特性的变化规律及其相关性,以甘肃靖远1号籽瓜为试材,利用平行极板检测法测定了不同部位籽瓜果皮的8个电学特性,分析其随频率的变化规律及相关性,建立了各电学特性随频率变化的数学模型并验证。结果表明：随着频率的增加,不同部位籽瓜果皮电学特性之间存在显著差异,G、X均呈单调递增趋势变化,Rp、Cp、Z、Q均呈单调递减趋势变化;除瓜梗部外,其他部位果皮D均呈单调递增趋势变化;瓜梗部和赤道部果皮的Z与G、Lp、X之间均呈极显著负相关（P < 0.01）,与Q、Cp、Rp之间均呈极显著正相关（P < 0.01）,而与D之间的相关性有显著不同。回归结果表明,随着频率的变化,瓜梗部与赤道部果皮的Z、G、Cp、Rp、X和D的值均呈Polynomial模型分布（R² > 0.83）。模型验证得出在频率163.28 ~ 8 000 kHz范围内,瓜梗部和赤道部果皮Z、Lp试验值与模型预测值的一致性较好。因此,基于平行极板检测法区分籽瓜不同部位的果皮电学特性变化规律是可行的,该结果为籽瓜果皮电学检测提供理论依据。     

甜瓜CmCIPK家族全基因组鉴定和逆境条件下的表达分析

为探究甜瓜CIPK(CBL-interacting protein kinase)基因家族成员的生物学功能,以拟南芥中26个CIPKs的氨基酸序列为参照,用BLASTP方法鉴定了18个甜瓜CIPK家族成员,并对其理化性质、染色体分布、系统进化、基因结构、蛋白保守基序、顺式元件,以及基因的表达模式进行了分析。结果显示,CIPK基因家族成员的基因长度为1 499~8 499 bp,它们不均匀地分布在甜瓜的9条染色体上;根据进化关系可将其分为5个亚家族,分别包含了26、10、25、26和8个成员,并且其中有4个CmCIPK基因对发生了片段复制。基因结构分析表明,10个基因为内含子缺失型,8个基因为内含子富集型。蛋白保守基序分析发现,CmCIPK家族保守性较好,所有成员均含有CIPK家族的典型特征:N端激酶域中的激活环和C端调节域中的NAF/FISL结构域。在基因上游的2 000 bp序列中存在多个与植物激素和逆境相关的顺式元件,显示可能有多种转录调控。转录组分析发现,CmCIPKs的组织表达量整体表现为叶>根>雄花>雌花>果。选择CmCIPK1-like和CmCIPK12-like基因验证其组织表达模式,显示分别在叶和雄花中的表达量最高。对其进行不同逆境处理,结果表明,这2个CmCIPK基因受NaCl和脱落酸(ABA)诱导表达;在干旱处理中,这2个基因经历短时间的上调或下调后恢复至最初表达水平。以上结果说明,CmCIPK1-like和CmCIPK12-like基因可能在ABA和非生物胁迫中发挥着重要作用,可为以后CmCIPK的功能研究提供参考。