Androgen metabolism in the skin of the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Pieces of skin of male and female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were incubated with testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone as substrates. In immature fish the conversion rate was low. In non-spawning adult males 11-ketotestosterone was reduced to 5α-11KDHT (up to 5.2%). In the fish in spawning condition the 5α-reduction rate was only about 1 to 2%. In the same specimens incubated with testosterone a high 11β-hydroxylase activity (23.8-25% in the male and 13% in the female skin) was found. Similar sex specific differences were observed for the occurence of 5α-reduced metabolites (about 20% in the male and 13% in the female tissue).

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Résumé Des fragments de peau de truites arc en ciel (Oncorhynchus mykiss, males ou femelles, ont été incubés avec de la testostérone ou de la 11-cétotestostérone, utilisées comme substrats. Chez les poissons immatures, les taux de conversion restent faibles. Chez les males adultes ne donnant pas de sperme, la 11-cétotestostérone est réduite en 5α-androstane-17β-ol-3,11-dione (jusqu'à 5.2%). Chezles poissons en conditions de fraie, le taux de 5α-réduction est seulement de l'ordre de 1 à 2%. Pour ce derniers individus, les incubations de peau en présence de testostérone montrent l'existence d'une forte activité 11β-hydroxylase (23.8-25% pour le male, et 13% pour la femelle). Des différences liées au sexe sont observées de la même manière dans la production de métabolites 5α-réduits (environ 20% avec le tissu male et 13% avect le tissu femelle).

     

Schisandrin B protects against solar irradiation-induced oxidative stress in rat skin tissue

Schisandrin B (Sch B) and schisandrin C (Sch C), but not schisandrin A and dimethyl diphenyl bicarboxylate, protected rat skin tissue against solar irradiation-induced oxidative injury, as evidenced by a reversal of solar irradiation-induced changes in cellular reduced glutathione and α-tocopherol levels, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde production. The cytochrome P-450-mediated metabolism of Sch B or Sch C caused ROS production in rat skin microsomes. Taken together, Sch B or Sch C, by virtue of its pro-oxidant action and the subsequent eliciting of a glutathione antioxidant response, may prevent photo-aging of skin.     

桉树木屑栽培食用茵

将桉树木屑(皮屑、杆屑、皮杆混合屑)作为栽培基质,对灵芝(Ganoderma lucidum)、秀珍菇(Pleurotus geesterani)、刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus eryngii)及金针菇(Flammulina velutipes)等4种食用菌进行栽培试验,探讨桉树木屑栽培食用菌的可行性.结果表明:灵芝、刺芹侧耳、秀珍菇在配方D桉树皮杆混合屑(皮:杆=1:3)培养料中菌丝粗壮、茂密,生物转化率较高、子实体生长整齐,显示良好的适应性;金针菇在桉树木屑培养料中菌丝生长较弱,不能出菇.     

气相色谱-质谱法检测双孢蘑菇和香菇中的67种农药残留

用气相色谱-质谱法对双孢蘑菇(Agaricus bisporus)和香菇(Lentinula edodes)中67种农药进行检测。样品经乙腈均质提取,盐析除水,氨基柱净化后用气相色谱-质谱仪分析,在选择离子监测模式下以特征离子的保留时间定性定量测定67种农药。在添加农药标准品浓度为0.05、0.10和0.25 mg/kg水平上,大多数农药的平均回收率在70%~120%之间,检出限在0.01~0.5μg/kg之间。     

我国食用菌生产机械化水平与前景的探讨

针对食用菌行业的不断发展，分析了国内外食用菌生产机械化的状况与前景，提出了发展机械化生产食用菌是我国广大菇农的必由之路。     

甜瓜总RNA快速提取

采用改良的Trizol法对甜瓜叶片的总RNA进行了提取,利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳及Quantity One软件分析、紫外分光光度法、RT-PCR及PCR法进行纯度、浓度、RNA完整性检测.结果表明:所提取的RNA完整性好,纯度高,不含DNA污染,为进行RT-PCR及其他分子生物学实验奠定了良好的基础;新鲜叶片比冷冻叶片的总RNA提取容易,结果更稳定;幼叶比老叶的总RNA含量高.     

脱色仙草叶胶对树薯淀粉可食膜机械性质及水气阻隔性的影响

仙草为中国传统的药用植物。探讨了以淀粉和仙草叶胶制备可食膜的可行性。未来将进一步探讨脱色仙草叶胶添加树薯淀粉可食膜微结构的变化。     

音乐与蟋蟀鸣声的混合声频对食用菌生长的影响

为了考察声波对食用菌生长、产量及营养成分等方面的影响,采用自行开发的声频设备,播放古典音乐与蟋蟀鸣声混合而成的声频,对茶树菇、高温姬菇、黑平、杏鲍菇、秀珍菇、小白菇等6种食用菌的菌丝体进行了7次声波助长试验,对姬菇、黑平和姬菇18号3种食用菌的子实体进行了4次试验。结果表明,此声频可使食用菌的菌丝体生长速度加快10.2%～21%;使子实体提早出菇,提前1～5 d采菇,并可延长采菇天数;4次子实体试验的产量分别增加了15.76%、13.38%、13.05%和7.95%。经对2种子实体成分检测比较表明,姬菇18号的脂肪、蛋白质和粗多糖质量分数分别增加5.88%、8.74%和2.78%,黑平的蛋白质、粗多糖的质量分数分别提高2.37%和43.27%。研究结果为声波助长技术在食用菌生产上的推广应用提供科学依据。     

Using automated monitoring systems to uncover pest population dynamics in agricultural fields

Understanding pest population dynamics is an essential part of pest management programs, but the examination of field pest populations faces many logistical difficulties. Consequently, potentially useful characteristics of pest ecology that can be utilized in the development of pest control strategies are yet to be discovered. In this study, we used an automated pest monitoring system to study a population of the oriental fruit fly and revealed its intriguing population dynamics in the field. The system automatically counts the number of flies captured by traps, and the real-time data are accessible anywhere using the Internet. Data from two time periods (May–June and July–August) were analyzed. Autocorrelation analysis indicated that there was a statistically significant population cycle in May and June, but the population was stationary in July and August. Partial rate correlation analysis and an associated functional analysis revealed the existence of delayed density-dependence that differed between the two periods. These results suggest that the mechanism of population dynamics may change possibly within a short time frame. These patterns were revealed because of the detailed data that were made available by the monitoring system and were unknown prior to the study. The automated monitoring system will be highly valuable for the advancement of pest monitoring and pest management programs.     

东方蝼蛄口器结构与表皮纳米力学性能研究

利用扫描电镜及能谱仪观察了东方蝼蛄口器表面及断面几何结构特征,对口器的表皮组成成分进行了分析,发现口器组织中含有多种金属元素和微量元素;东方蝼蛄口器具有中空结构,断面材料呈层状复合结构;采用切片法对东方蝼蛄口器进行了外形重构;利用纳米力学测试系统对东方蝼蛄口器表皮材料进行了测试,发现东方蝼蛄口器的弹性模量和纳米硬度较高.经比较发现,东方蝼蛄口器表皮的纳米硬度大于雄臭蜣螂唇基表皮的纳米硬度.