可食性魔芋葡甘聚糖耐水耐高温复合膜的配方优化

为了获得综合性能较优的可食性膜,采用主成分几何平均分析法对魔芋葡甘聚糖耐水耐高温膜的试验数据进行多指标分析,获得了该膜综合性能优良的配方,魔芋胶8.00g/L,石蜡4.46g/L,硬脂酸2.60g/L,乳化剂2.41g/L,甘油6.49mL/L,PEG-400为1.49mL/L。结果表明,主成分分析法适合该膜配方优化,优化配方制备的膜具有较高的强度以及良好的阻湿、耐水、耐酸碱、耐高温性能     

施用绿肥(苦豆子鲜草)对立架甜瓜土壤速效养分与产量的影响

通过绿肥(苦豆子鲜草)不同施用量的田间试验,研究施用苦豆子鲜草对立架露地栽培甜瓜(伽师瓜)土壤速效养分与产量的影响,结果表明:与不施绿肥(苦豆子鲜草)的K0处理相比,施用苦豆子鲜草能够有效提高土壤肥力水平,对提高20~40 cm土层土壤中碱解氮和有效磷的含量较为显著;同时施用苦豆子鲜草能促进甜瓜增产并改善品质,尤其对改善甜瓜果形指数、Vc和还原糖含量有显著作用;苦豆子鲜草施用量9 000 kg/hm2效果最佳。     

FA旱地龙在京郊甜瓜栽培上的应用研究

通过正交试验，探讨了在温室栽培条件下采用黄腐酸类抗旱节水剂FA早地龙对土壤含水率，甜瓜的生长速率，甜瓜产量、品质（主要指可溶性固形物）的影响。结果表明FA早地龙中可以抗旱保墒，对促进甜瓜生长，提高甜瓜产量，改善甜瓜品质有着积极作用，通过试验给出了合理的施用方式和施用量。     

Molecular markers for Ve1 and Ve2 Verticillium resistance genes from Italian tomato germplasm

The so‐called Rosa (= pink) tomatoes, which are typically grown in the Southern Italian area, are characterized by the pink colour of the fruit, due to the gene y, colourless fruit skin. In a preliminary survey, it was found that among these Rosa tomatoes there were some ‘Rosa di Sorrento’ local landraces showing resistance to Verticillium wilt (race 1). In tomato, resistance to race 1 of V. dahliae and V. albo‐atrum is conferred by two strictly associated genes, Ve1 and Ve2, which independently confer resistance to the same pathogen. The development of two new markers for Ve1 and Ve2, based respectively on selective allele‐specific PCR amplification and on a PCR amplification followed by enzymatic restriction, is reported. These two markers allow the identification of both allelic forms at the Ve loci and they are of potential interest for use in marker‐assisted selection. Furthermore, ‘Rosa di Sorrento’‐resistant lines have the same resistance alleles as those found in the Ve‐resistant cultivars.     

Inheritance of resistance to systemic symptom expression of Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) in Cucumis melo L. `Doublon'

In melon (Cucumis melo L.) a resistance mechanism to Melon necrotic spot virus (MNSV) controlled by a single recessive gene called nsv has been reported. We found that following mechanical inoculation of the virus C. melo cv. ‘Doublon’ shows only local reaction, but it does not develop any systemic symptom and the virus only can be recovered from the local lesions. This reaction could be considered as a new source of resistance to MNSV. In this work,the genetic control of this behaviour in the progenies from the cross ‘Doublon’ × ‘ANC-42’ (a susceptible line) is studied. We report two complete dominant genes, which we propose to call Melon necrotic resistance 1 (Mnr1) andMelon necrotic resistance 2 (Mnr2), controlling this character. The genetic linkage between one of these genes and nsv in the populations derived from the cross between ‘Doublon’ and ‘PMR-5’ (a resistant line) is also reported. The map distance between these two loci was estimated to be 19 cm. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Two complementary recessive genes conferring resistance to Cucurbit Aphid Borne Yellows Luteovirus in an Indian melon line (cucumis melo L.)

The genetic control of resistance to cucurbit aphid-borne yellows luteovirus (CABYV) in Cucumis melo L. was studied in three progenies obtained from the cross between a resistant Indian line, PI 124112, and a susceptible cultivar of Charentais type, Védrantais. An F2 progeny and recombinant inbred lines were screened respectively in 1993 and 1995 under natural infection conditions in open field at Montfavet, France whereas the back cross (PI 124112 × F1) was inoculated by viruliferous Myzus persicae in controlled conditions. ELISA was used for assessing degree of virus multiplication in the plants resistance. In the three trials performed, segregation analysis were consistent with the hypothesis that the resistance to CABYV in PI 124112 is conferred by two independent complementary recessive genes, for which the symbols cab-1 and cab-2T are proposed. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

电商环境下食用菌“线上+线下”的营销体系构建

电商环境下,推动食用菌电商营销与渠道营销融合发展,构建"线上+线下"的营销体系,对全面提升食用菌产品的市场影响力,助力产业转型升级有重要意义。通过以电商环境为基础,分析食用菌"线上+线下"营销体系的构建价值与主要特征,提出技术支持、消费者主导和渠道整合等具体建议,以进一步推动食用菌产品营销发展。     

Influence of elevated protein and tannin-rich peanut skin supplementation on growth performance,blood metabolites,carcass traits and immune-related gene expression of grazing meat goats

The aim of the present study was to define whether elevated rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) and tannin-rich peanut skin (PS) supplementation would affect animal growth performance, average daily gain (ADG), blood metabolites, carcass traits associated with lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions in meat goats grazing winter wheat (WW). Thirty-six Kiko-crossbreed male goats at approximately 6 months of age were blocked by body weight (BW; 25.6 ± 1.1 kg) and randomly assigned to one of the four treatments with two replicates based on a 2 × 2 factorial design. Diets contained PS replacing alfalfa meal (ALM), without or with RUP supplementation. Both PS and ALM were incorporated into grain mix portion of the diet and pelletized, with remaining diets fed ad libitum of WW forage for a period of 51 days. Lipogenic genes examined included SCD, ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4, while immune-related genes examined included ACTB (as a control gene), H3F3A, PPIA, IRF3, STAT2, HERC3 and IFIT3 antibody genes. The meat goats on PS-pellet-supplemented group with or without RUP supplementation grew 38.5% faster ADG (p < .001) when compared to control-supplemented group. When goats received PS diet, empty body weight, hot carcass, cold carcass, shoulder, hind shank, rack, loin and fat thickness were greater (p < .05) than control diet. Animals on PS-pellet had higher ACLY, YWHAZ, PPIA and FABP4 gene expression (p < .05) when compared to ALM-pellet control, with RUP by PS-pellet interactions (p < .01). Goats receiving additional RUP supplementation had increased (p < .05) STAT2 gene expression, whereas goats receiving PS-pellet supplementation showed increased STAT2 (p < .05) and a tendency to increase IRF3 (p = .07) gene expressions. In conclusion, the addition of PS-pellet or RUP supplementation has the potential to improve ADG and altered selected lipogenic and immune-related gene expressions.     

Treating the locoregional lymph nodes with radiation and/or surgery significantly improves outcome in dogs with high‐grade mast cell tumours

High‐grade canine mast cell tumours (HG‐MCT) have a high rate of locoregional relapse. In this study, dogs with HG‐MCT treated with radiation therapy (RT) were retrospectively evaluated to determine the benefit associated with treating the locoregional lymph nodes (LNs). Forty‐two dogs were included. Variables assessed for association with overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) included WHO stage, tumour location and size, LN irradiation (prophylactic, therapeutic or none), LN treatment (yes or no), LN status at RT (metastatic or nonmetastatic) and RT intent (definitive vs palliative). Lower‐stage disease at irradiation was significantly associated with prolonged median PFS (425 vs 125 days for stage 0 vs 1‐4), and OS (615 vs 314 days for stage 0 vs 1‐4). Having any LN treatment and definitive RT were both significantly associated with prolonged OS. In order to evaluate the role of LN irradiation, dogs were divided into subgroups: (a) stage 0 at irradiation with no LN treatment (n = 14), (b) stage 0 at irradiation with prophylactic LN irradiation (n = 6), (c) stage 0 at irradiation but previously stage 2 (n = 5) and (d) stage >0 at irradiation (n = 17). Prophylactic LN irradiation significantly prolonged PFS (>2381 vs 197 days; group B vs A). Interestingly, dogs that were stage 2 and had LN treatment (C) had prolonged OS vs dogs with negative LNs and no LN treatment (A) (1908 vs 284 days; P = .012). This study confirms that prophylactic and therapeutic LN irradiation in dogs with HG‐MCT is beneficial and improves outcome.     

洛克沙胂对苋菜生长、营养成分及食用安全的影响

为了研究含洛克沙胂(ROX)禽畜排泄物的大量施用对叶菜安全生产带来的影响,本文以苋菜种子和幼苗为材料,分析了ROX处理下种子萌发、幼苗生长、营养以及抗营养成分含量的变化。结果显示:ROX处理抑制了苋菜种子胚根和幼苗根系伸长,导致株高、叶面积和生物量降低;损伤了苋菜叶片PSII的结构和功能,导致植株光合能力降低;ROX处理对苋菜有机营养含量影响相对较小,但促进了砷和硝酸盐在苋菜体内积累,苋菜可食部分砷含量超出WHO、FAO以及我国规定的食品和蔬菜砷含量限量标准,硝酸盐含量达到中度和重度污染水平。可见,土壤中的兽药ROX残留不仅会抑制种子萌发和幼苗生长,降低叶菜产量,同时还可能通过砷化物和硝酸盐的累积,降低叶菜品质,增大人类的患癌风险。因此,从叶菜安全角度考虑需要限制ROX的施用。