甘蔗皮生物炭对苯酚的吸附特性研究

为使甘蔗皮得到资源化利用,本研究采用慢速热解技术于400、500、600℃条件下制备生物炭吸附剂(BC400、BC500、BC600),以去除废水中的苯酚。吸附试验结果表明,废水中苯酚的初始浓度、生物炭的制备温度、吸附温度和时间等因素均能影响甘蔗皮生物炭对苯酚的吸附效果。3种温度制备的生物炭对苯酚的吸附能力表现为BC600>BC500>BC400。35℃下苯酚初始浓度为50 mg/L,生物炭BC600吸附300 min后苯酚的去除率可高达96%,生物炭对苯酚的等温吸附线符合Langmuir模式和Freundlich模式。      

茶叶有效成分对黑色素形成的抑制作用

黑色素是一种高分子生物色素,皮肤的颜色由黑色素的合成类型、累积量、黑素小体的再分布及降解决定.太阳紫外线辐射是导致黑色素形成过多的最常见因素.黑色素虽能保护皮肤细胞免受紫外线损伤,但异常积累将会导致黑色素紊乱疾病的发生.因此开发绿色、安全、高效的植物来源的黑色素抑制剂成为近年来研究的热点.不少研究表明茶叶提取复合物或茶...     

不同食用木薯品种(系)鲜食加工适宜性研究

为研究不同木薯品种的鲜食加工适宜性,以12份食用品种(系)为材料,加工成蒸木薯、木薯汁、木薯羹进行品质特性鉴定和感官评价,应用相关性分析和主成分分析等手段综合评价各品种(系)适宜性,分析其主要影响因子.结果表明,15个蒸木薯品质评价性状共提取了5个主成分,色度值a*、色度值b*、纤维感、综合评价、弹性、硬度和胶着性起主...     

Biocompatibility of the Biopolymer Cyanoflan for Applications in Skin Wound Healing

There is a great demand for the development of novel wound dressings to overcome the time and costs of wound care performed by a vast number of clinicians, especially in the current overburdened healthcare systems. In this study, Cyanoflan, a biopolymer secreted by a marine unicellular cyanobacterium, was evaluated as a potential biomaterial for wound healing. Cyanoflan effects on cell viability, apoptosis, and migration were assessed in vitro, while the effect on tissue regeneration and biosafety was evaluated in healthy Wistar rats. The cell viability and apoptosis of fibroblasts and endothelial cells was not influenced by the treatment with different concentrations of Cyanoflan, as observed by flow cytometry. Moreover, the presence of Cyanoflan did not affect cell motility and migratory capacity, nor did it induce reactive oxygen species production, even revealing an antioxidant behavior regarding the endothelial cells. Furthermore, the skin wound healing in vivo assay demonstrated that Cyanoflan perfectly adapted to the wound bed without inducing systemic or local oxidative or inflammatory reaction. Altogether, these results suggest that Cyanoflan is a promising biopolymer for the development of innovative applications to overcome the many challenges that still exist in skin wound healing.     

Effects of drying potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) after harvest on the incidence of disease after storage

Summary Drying potatoes for 2 weeks after harvest decreased the severity of skin spot, silver scurf, black dot and black scurf after 20–26 weeks' storage at 5°C. Diseases were decreased more after early than late harvest.     

夜间低温对薄皮甜瓜果实糖积累及代谢相关酶活性的影响

 【目的】探讨夜间低温胁迫下薄皮甜瓜果实糖代谢的变化规律。【方法】以薄皮甜瓜(Cucumis melo L.)‘玉美人’为试材,利用人工气候室模拟设施生产中的夜间低温胁迫环境,研究夜间低温对薄皮甜瓜果实糖含量及其代谢相关酶活性的影响。【结果】不同的夜间低温胁迫对果实糖含量的影响程度不同。夜间9℃处理3 d后显著降低了果糖和葡萄糖含量,在处理的中后期蔗糖、棉籽糖和水苏糖含量才显著降低而肌醇半乳糖苷无显著差异;同时,夜间9℃处理3 d后,果实中总糖含量极显著低于对照,且随处理时间的延长差异更大;夜间9℃处理3～12 d,果实中淀粉含量明显高于对照。夜间12℃处理对果实中可溶性糖含量无明显影响,但明显增加了淀粉含量,且后期差异极显著。从不同的夜间低温对果实内糖代谢相关酶活性的影响来看,夜间9℃处理增强了酸性转化酶（AI）、中性转化酶（NI）、碱性α-半乳糖苷酶活性,降低了蔗糖合成酶（SS）、蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）活性,差异均达到显著或极显著水平。夜间12℃处理对各种酶活性影响不大,差异不显著。【结论】夜间9℃处理严重影响薄皮甜瓜果实糖积累及其代谢相关酶活性;夜间12℃处理对果实糖积累及其代谢相关酶活性无明显影响,夜间12℃可能是薄皮甜瓜果实中糖代谢发生改变的临界低温。以上表明,夜间9℃胁迫条件下,薄皮甜瓜果实中蔗糖代谢、水苏糖代谢及淀粉代谢能力的下降共同影响果实的膨大生长和品质。     

设施瓜田轮作模式对土壤微生物区系的影响

采用稀释平板法,以瓜类为前茬设计了甜瓜—梅豆、甜瓜—玉米、甜瓜—大豆、甜瓜—韭菜、甜瓜—紫薯、西瓜—番茄、西瓜—紫薯7种轮作模式,研究其对设施瓜田土壤微生物种类和数量的影响.结果表明,轮作能有效改善土壤的生态环境,增加土壤中的微生物数量和活性,不同轮作模式尤以甜瓜—大豆处理的效果最好,其次为西瓜—番茄处理,从微生态角度看是最佳的轮作组合.     

Disruption of Darna pallivitta (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) by Conventional and Mobile Pheromone Deployment

Identification of the Darna pallivitta (Moore) pheromone component n-butyl (E)-7,9-decadienoate (E7,9-10:COOn-Bu) has made it possible to investigate communication disruption to control this lepidopteran pest. Conventional communication disruption trials showed marked decreases in the mean number of male moths captured in E7,9-10:COOnBu-treated fields compared with control fields. For traps baited with E7,9-10:COOnBu, percent disruptions were 94.4% and 92.1% for septa (1 g pheromone/ha, 1-wk trial duration) and spirals (6 g pheromone/ha, 8-wk trial duration) respectively. For traps baited with virgin female moths, percent disruption was 73.3% using septa disruptors (1 g pheromone/ha, 1-wk trial duration). Mobile communication disruption using Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) as carriers for E7,9-10:COOn-Bu was evaluated in the following three areas: fly survivorship, attraction of male moths to treated flies, and moth disruption in a small-scale field trial. Topical application of E7,9-10:COOnBu showed no significant decrease in survivorship at 50 and 80 µg/fly. However, decreased survivorship was observed at 100 µg/fly and linear regression showed E7,9-10:COOnBu dose was significantly correlated with B. cucurbitae survivorship. Traps containing honey–pheromone-fed flies attracted and caught D. pallivitta over a 1-wk period, demonstrating the attractiveness of the carrier. Releasing E7,9-10:COOnBu-fed B. cucurbitae (∼2 g pheromone/ha, 1-wk trial duration) resulted in significantly reduced trap catches in treatment fields compared with control fields on the first 2 d of the field trial. Percent disruptions were 84.7% (day 1) and 56.0% (day 2). These results suggest that both conventional communication disruption and mobile communication disruption have potential to control D. pallivitta.     

SHH在美利奴羊与小尾寒羊背部皮肤表达差异的研究

为了研究音猬因子(sonic hedgehog, SHH)在不同品种绵羊背部皮肤中的表达差异,以探索SHH与羊毛弯曲形成的关系,选取美利奴羊和小尾寒羊作为研究对象,利用HE染色法观察2种绵羊背部皮肤的组织结构,采用免疫组织化学技术、实时荧光定量PCR和Western blot方法探究2种绵羊背部皮肤中SHH蛋白和基因水平的相对表达量差异。结果显示:HE染色显示美利奴羊与小尾寒羊背部皮肤毛囊的组织结构存在毛囊数量及弯曲程度等差异;免疫组织化学试验显示,SHH蛋白在美利奴羊和小尾寒羊背部皮肤中均有表达,在美利奴羊背部皮肤中的毛乳头、毛基质、内外根鞘、皮脂腺和表皮细胞中显著表达,在小尾寒羊背部皮肤中的毛基质、内外根鞘和皮脂腺中显著表达;光密度分析显示,美利奴羊背部皮肤组织中SHH蛋白的表达量显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.001);实时荧光定量PCR显示,美利奴羊SHH mRNA相对表达水平显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01);Western blot显示,美利奴羊SHH蛋白相对表达水平显著高于小尾寒羊(P<0.01)。提示:羊毛弯曲的形成与其组织结构有关,并受SHH的调控。     

清西陵野生高等真菌调查初报

1983～1984年,笔者对清西陵地区野生食用菌资源进行了沿线调查或随机抽样调查,对采到的标本进行了室内鉴定。鉴定结果:西陵地区有高等野生真菌4目、9科、14属、19种。其中可食用的有11种。